BPFK Section: Nonce Connectives as of 11 Feb 2005: Difference between revisions

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==  Proposed Definitions And Examples ==


I (mi'e filip.) thought of using Arabic letters to write Lojban.
===  Proposed Definition of ''ba'e'' ===


The consonants are pretty straightforward, especially if you use Persian rather than Arabic as a base (which adds '''g''', '''j''', '''p''', and '''tc''', of which we need the first three).
;'''ba'e''' (BAhE):  Emphasize next word.  The forethought emphasis indicator.  Indicates that next word is especially emphasized or emphatic.  For grammatical purposes, "ba'e" marks the following word but does not change its nature, and does not bind with it or form a single unified construct in any way.  See also za'e, .ui.


I thought of using the existing vowel signs for the Lojban vowels. Since Arabic has only three signs compared to Lojban's six vowels, I thought of using the "doubled" signs (-n endings) for the "real" vowels and "single" signs for "close" vowels -- that is, vowels which aren't the same as the standard Arabic vowel but which are sometimes represented with the same vowel sign anyway.
** Keywords: Emphasize next word, emphasize next.


This gives kasra/kasratan for e/i, damma/dammatan for o/u, and fathatan for a. This leaves y to go with fatha.
===  Examples of ''ba'e'' Usage ===


I propose using alif for '''.''' since it's a glottal stop, and heh for ''''''' because of the pronunciation. I couldn't think of anything particularly good for ''',''' so I picked ''yeh with hamza''. I also need a "null" consonant for diphthongs to carry the second vowel sign; I picked `ayn.
le lisri cu ba'e pu zdile


So here's my proposal. What do you think?
''The story WAS amusing.''


[http://shavian.org/lojban/lojban-xrabo.png]
.oisai mi bilga le nu ba'e ca cliva


''Doesn't look bad - and it seems you are using front, middle, end and single type variants of Arabic (Farsi) characters. Yet, it also seems you didn't do this by normal typing but by composing the samples by means of a graphic tool ;-) I therefore think that - different from Yiddish mode - it is a hard job to 'really use' Arabic for Lojban writing. Nevertheless, nice idea. -- .aulun.''
''Dammit, I need to leave NOW.''


*I did indeed use a tool -- [http://www.unipad.org/ C UniPad] which automatically shapes Arabic letters (and does RTL automatically for Hebrew, Arabic, and Syriac, too). The screenshot is from UniPad.
The following examples are intended to illustrate interactions of ba'e with other words of special grammatical effect, and hence may be pathological.
*''Great! Without need of extra fonts. Yet, Macintosh again excluded :[jbocre: --.aulun.''


===tcidu ji'a===
mi cusku ba'e si la'e di'u
*[http://jbotcan.org/ideas/#629]
 
*[http://jbotcan.org/ideas/#630]
''I said emphasis, no, the referent of the previous thing I said.''
*[[xrabo lerfu lo me la .iesk. moi]]
 
ko pensi me'o depsna bu .e me'o ba'e bu
 
''Think about "hesitation sound", and the emphasis letter.''
 
lo nu ciksi lo ba'e zei se zei cinmo cu nandu
 
''Explaning the emphasis-emotion is difficult.
 
===  Proposed Definition of ''za'e'' ===
 
;'''za'e''' (BAhE):  Nonce word follows.  Forethought nonce-word indicator.  Indicates that the next word is a nonce creation or is nonstandard in some way.  For grammatical purposes, "za'e" binds with and marks the following word but does not change its nature. The construct behaves just as the marked word by itself. The two words are considered distinct for "sa" matching purposes, however.  In the case of an apparent conflict, the effects of this word (and all other words that change the grammatical effects of nearby words) should be read left to right.  See also ba'e, sa.
 
** Keywords:  Nonce-word next, nonce word follows.
 
===  Examples of ''za'e'' Usage ===
 
doi grizis mi tcidu za'e la ralcku
 
''Grizis, I read what I'll call "The Book".''
 
See also the examples for ba'e, which is grammatically identical to za'e.
 
===  Proposed Definition of ''zei'' ===
 
;'''zei''' (ZEI):  lujvo glue.  Connects words into a lujvo.  Joins preceding and following words into a lujvo.  For grammatical purposes, "zei" binds with the preceding word and the following word. The combination is considered a single brivla (i.e. it is treated as just one word). In the case of an apparent conflict, the effects of this word (and all other words that change the grammatical effects of nearby words) should be read left to right.  See also lujvo.
 
** Keywords:  lujvo glue.
 
===  Examples of ''zei'' Usage ===
 
pe'u ro do ko friti le se .uu zei cinmo
 
''Please, all of you offer your sympathies.''
 
Literally, "pity type of feeling".
 
mi lojban zei ciska
 
''I'm Lojbanically writing.''
 
Literally, "Lojban type of writer".
 
The following examples are intended to illustrate interactions of zei with other words of special grammatical effect, and hence may be pathological.
 
lu da zei fa'o li'u cu mutce cizra lujvo
 
''"da type-of fa'o" is a very strange lujvo.''
 
mi ciska me'o .ui zei nai bu
 
''I wrote a frowny face.''
 
Literally "happy type-of not letter".
 
lu zo bu zei sa si zo bu zei su li'u cu mupli
 
''"bu type-of sa", I mean, "bu type-of su" is an example.''
 
===  Proposed Definition of ''xi'' ===
 
;'''xi''' (XI):  Subscript.  Subscript indicator.  Attaches the following number or letteral string as a subscript.  Can be used almost anywhere, but is mostly used on sumti and in mathematical expressions.
 
** Keywords: subscript, subscript indicator.
 
===  Examples of ''xi'' Usage ===
 
li xy. xi ci du li xy. xi pa su'i xy. xi re
 
''x sub three = x sub one plus x sub two''
 
la'e di'u xi re cu xamgu se morji mi
 
''The thing you mentioned two utterances ago is well remembered by me.''
 
==  Notes ==
 
* A usage convention for superscript would be *lovely*, but no ideas are coming to mind.
 
* Despite xi causing bizarre interactions in mekso, I honestly can't think of anything interesting to say about it.
 
==  Impact ==
 
* ba'e should be basically unchanged, except for clarification.
 
* zei structures are now a single word for purposes of following magic words.
 
* IMO, this is well worth having a defined precedence in all cases.
 
==  Proposed New cmavo ==
 
* Another member of ZEI with reverse-order modified-modifier semantics.
** The shepherd doesn't consider this terribly important, but it certainly would help match the rest of the language, which is very configurable.
 
** "broda zei co zei brode" has been suggested for this usage. Should I write that up as a usage convention?
 
{POLL(pollId=>15)}Nonce Connectives Poll{POLL}

Revision as of 16:45, 4 November 2013

Proposed Definitions And Examples

Proposed Definition of ba'e

ba'e (BAhE)
Emphasize next word. The forethought emphasis indicator. Indicates that next word is especially emphasized or emphatic. For grammatical purposes, "ba'e" marks the following word but does not change its nature, and does not bind with it or form a single unified construct in any way. See also za'e, .ui.
    • Keywords: Emphasize next word, emphasize next.

Examples of ba'e Usage

le lisri cu ba'e pu zdile

The story WAS amusing.

.oisai mi bilga le nu ba'e ca cliva

Dammit, I need to leave NOW.

The following examples are intended to illustrate interactions of ba'e with other words of special grammatical effect, and hence may be pathological.

mi cusku ba'e si la'e di'u

I said emphasis, no, the referent of the previous thing I said.

ko pensi me'o depsna bu .e me'o ba'e bu

Think about "hesitation sound", and the emphasis letter.

lo nu ciksi lo ba'e zei se zei cinmo cu nandu

Explaning the emphasis-emotion is difficult.

Proposed Definition of za'e

za'e (BAhE)
Nonce word follows. Forethought nonce-word indicator. Indicates that the next word is a nonce creation or is nonstandard in some way. For grammatical purposes, "za'e" binds with and marks the following word but does not change its nature. The construct behaves just as the marked word by itself. The two words are considered distinct for "sa" matching purposes, however. In the case of an apparent conflict, the effects of this word (and all other words that change the grammatical effects of nearby words) should be read left to right. See also ba'e, sa.
    • Keywords: Nonce-word next, nonce word follows.

Examples of za'e Usage

doi grizis mi tcidu za'e la ralcku

Grizis, I read what I'll call "The Book".

See also the examples for ba'e, which is grammatically identical to za'e.

Proposed Definition of zei

zei (ZEI)
lujvo glue. Connects words into a lujvo. Joins preceding and following words into a lujvo. For grammatical purposes, "zei" binds with the preceding word and the following word. The combination is considered a single brivla (i.e. it is treated as just one word). In the case of an apparent conflict, the effects of this word (and all other words that change the grammatical effects of nearby words) should be read left to right. See also lujvo.
    • Keywords: lujvo glue.

Examples of zei Usage

pe'u ro do ko friti le se .uu zei cinmo

Please, all of you offer your sympathies.

Literally, "pity type of feeling".

mi lojban zei ciska

I'm Lojbanically writing.

Literally, "Lojban type of writer".

The following examples are intended to illustrate interactions of zei with other words of special grammatical effect, and hence may be pathological.

lu da zei fa'o li'u cu mutce cizra lujvo

"da type-of fa'o" is a very strange lujvo.

mi ciska me'o .ui zei nai bu

I wrote a frowny face.

Literally "happy type-of not letter".

lu zo bu zei sa si zo bu zei su li'u cu mupli

"bu type-of sa", I mean, "bu type-of su" is an example.

Proposed Definition of xi

xi (XI)
Subscript. Subscript indicator. Attaches the following number or letteral string as a subscript. Can be used almost anywhere, but is mostly used on sumti and in mathematical expressions.
    • Keywords: subscript, subscript indicator.

Examples of xi Usage

li xy. xi ci du li xy. xi pa su'i xy. xi re

x sub three = x sub one plus x sub two

la'e di'u xi re cu xamgu se morji mi

The thing you mentioned two utterances ago is well remembered by me.

Notes

  • A usage convention for superscript would be *lovely*, but no ideas are coming to mind.
  • Despite xi causing bizarre interactions in mekso, I honestly can't think of anything interesting to say about it.

Impact

  • ba'e should be basically unchanged, except for clarification.
  • zei structures are now a single word for purposes of following magic words.
  • IMO, this is well worth having a defined precedence in all cases.

Proposed New cmavo

  • Another member of ZEI with reverse-order modified-modifier semantics.
    • The shepherd doesn't consider this terribly important, but it certainly would help match the rest of the language, which is very configurable.
    • "broda zei co zei brode" has been suggested for this usage. Should I write that up as a usage convention?

{POLL(pollId=>15)}Nonce Connectives Poll{POLL}

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