L17-03

a [conjunction for nouns] — and/or

i ei mi tavla la alis a la kevin — I need to speak to Alice or Kevin (or to both of them).

Comment: means at least one of the two (of nouns connected using a).

Related words: ja, a, e, ji, o, u

a bu [pronoun] — a (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like a bu is for the last la alis used.

a'a [interjection] — attention, a'a cu'i — inattentiveness, a'a nai — avoiding

i a'a ko ca'o skicu — I'm listening, go on talking!

i a'a cu'i ko denpa le nu mi jai gau mulno fai ti — Eh, just a second, let me finish this.

i do tavla da a'a nai — La, la, la, I'm not listening what you are talking about.

Related words: jundi, rivbi

a'e [interjection] — alertness, a'e nai — I'm tired

i a'e ba vlile tcima — It's going to be a storm.

i a'e nai mi ba klama le ckana — Yaaaawn, I'm going to bed.

Related words: sanji, cikna, tatpi

a'i [interjection] — Oomph! (effort, endeavor), a'i cu'i — no special effort, a'i nai — repose

i a'i mi ca'o ralte — I'm trying to hold it!

i a'i cu'i la'e ti frili — Ah, this is easy.

i a'i nai cikre tu — Nah, why bother fixing it.

Related words: snada, fliba, gunka, nandu, troci

a'o [interjection] — hope, a'o nai — Gah! (despair)

i a'o pluka be do nicte — Good night to you!

i a'o vamji fa le nu zukte — I hope, it's worth doing it.

i a'o nai mi co'u ponse da — Gah, I lost all my property.

Related words: pacna

a'oi [vocative] — Ahoy! (greeting in a piratic manner)

i a'oi la kevin ma nuzba — Ahoy, Kevin! What's up?

Related words: coi, co'oi

a'u [interjection] — Hmm... I wonder ... (interest), a'u cu'i — Ho-hum (disinterest), a'u nai — Eww! Yuck! (repulsion)

i a'u ro jbopre cu stati prenu — Interesting, all Lojbanists are smart people.

i a'u ma krinu — Hm, what is the reason?

i a'u cu'i do ne ka'ai pa nanla cu se zdani — It's none of my business that you live with a boy.

i a'u nai do co'i speni le fange — You married a stranger, it's none of my business, I'd avoid this topic.

i a'u nai iu nai panci fa le kalci i ai nai mi citka ti — Yuck, that smells like shit! I'm not going to eat this.

Related words: lo se cinri

ai [interjection] — I'm gonna ... (intent), ai cu'i — indecision, ai nai — unintentionally, accidentally

i ai mi vitke do — I'm going to visit you.

i a'i cu'i mi klama le zarci — I'm indecisive to whether I should go to a shop.

i ai nai mi pu darxi do — I didn't mean to hit you.

Related words: te mukti, zukte, cuxna

aidji — x_1(entity) intends to do x_{2(property of x1)}

lo se aidji — intended action.

i mi aidji le ka klama la nipon — I am going to go to Japan.

Related words: lo te mukti

anka — x_1(entity) is a thigh, hip of x_2(entity)

i le mi'u verba pu jai gau spofu le anka be le no'a — The child broke his thigh.

Related words: tornozelo

arte — x_1(entity) is a piece of artwork

lo arte — piece of artwork.

i ti noi arte cu pu jai rinka so'i nu darlu — There've been a lot of debates caused by this artwork.

Related words: larcu, finti, pixra

arxokuna — x_1(entity) is a raccoon of species x_2(taxon)

lo arxokuna — raccoon.

i pa arxokuna cu zvati le mi kumfa pe le'e nu jukpa — There's a raccoon in my kitchen.

Related words: danlu, mabru

asna — x_{1(property of x2)} is a posture, stance, asana of body x_2(entity)

lo asna — posture (of body), body position, stance (of body), asana.

i ra co'a se asna pa jai ckape vi le barda fenra — He took a dangerous pose near the abyss.

Related words: morna

au [interjection] — Wish ... (desire), au cu'i — meh (indifference), au nai — Nuh-uh! (disinclination, reluctance)

i au e'o tcati — I'd like some tea, please.

i au cu'i do jai gau bredi fai le cidja — You prepare the food or not ... I don't have any preferences.

i au nai do cliva — I don't want you to leave.

i au mi stali bu'u le zdani gi'e nai kansa le mi'u nakni — I'd rather stay at home than come with him.

Related words: djica

ba [preposition of tense] — after ... (in time), adverb: in future (expresses future tense)

i mi ba bevri — I will bring it.

i le snuti ba fasnu — Accidents will happen.

i mi pu na kufra ba le nu le mi'u festi cu cinba mi — I felt uncomfortable after she kissed me.

ba'a [interjection] — I expect, ba'a cu'i — I experience, ba'a nai — I remember

i ba'a le mamta be mi ca zvati le mi'u zdani — I expect my mother to be at home now.

i ba'a le mi'u pendo be mi pu jinga — I expect my friend to have won.

i ba'a cu'i le se klani be le sovda cu lacri le tcika be le nu le jipci co'a co'e — In my experience, the number of eggs depends on when a hen starts.

i ba'a nai do na nelci le laldo prenu — As I remember, you don't like old people.

Comment: ba'a might refer to past events, which you simply don't have information about yet. ba'a marks not yet known, ba'a cu'i marks knowledge being acquired at the moment of speaking, ba'a nai marks already acquired knowledge.

Related words: lifri, vedli, kanpe

ba'e [left interjection] — puts an emphasis on the following construct

i mi djuno le mi'u du'u ma kau darxi ba'e la alis — I know who hit ALICE (not someone else).

i vajni ba'e mi — It's important to ME.

Related words: ba'e, za'e

ba'o [preposition of aspect] — in the aftermath (retrospective aspect)

i mi ba'o citka pa plise — I have eaten an apple.

i mi'o ba'o tavla — We are done talking.

i mi ba'o xagji — I'm no longer hungry.

ba'u [interjection] — exaggeration, ba'u cu'i — to be precise, literally, ba'u nai — to put it mildly (understatement)

i do no ba'u roi jimpe fi mi — You never understand me.

i le mi'u pa tadni pu no ba'u cu'i roi jimpe zo'e noi mi ciksi fo ke'a — The student literally never understood my explanations.

i le mi'u terdi cu barda ba'u nai — The Earth is big, to put it mildly.

Related words: satci, zildukse

bacru — x_1(entity) utters x_{2(sound, text)}

lo se bacru — uttered text or sound.

i ko na bacru su'o cladu — Don't talk loud.

Comment: bacru is to vocally utter an actual sound, cusku is to say some text (which can be in any form including vocal)

Related words: krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka

badna — x_1(entity) is a banana fruit or plant of species x_2(taxon)

lo badna — banana.

i ma jdima lei badna poi kilto le grake — How much is the kilo of bananas?

Related words: grute

badri — x_1(entity) is sad about x_{2(abstraction)}

lo badri — sad. lo se badri — sad event.

i mi pu badri le nu mi pu e'ande le fetsi le ka zukte — I was sad that I had allowed her to do it.

Related words: klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri

bai [preposition from bapli] — compelled by force ...

i mi pu stali bu'u le zdani bai le ka bilma — I stayed at home forced by my illness.

bajra — x_1(entity) runs on surface x_2(entity) using limbs x_3(entity) ...

lo bajra — runner.

i mi bajra vi'i le mitre be li ci ki'o — I ran three thousands meters.

i xu do su'o roi senva le nu do bajra le jdika grana lei xance be do — Have you ever dreamt of running on your hands on a narrow rod?

Comment: doesn't necessarily imply any destination point. bajra muvdu can be used to describe both moving to and from some places by running.

Related words: cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare

bakfu — x_1(entity) is a pack or bundle containing x_{2(entity group)} held together by x_3(entity)

lo bakfu — pack, bundle. lo se bakfu — content of a pack.

i ti bakfu le se dunda le dasri — This is a gift packed with a ribbon into a bundle.

Related words: daski, dakli, tanxe

bakni — x_1(entity) is a cow or bovine of species x_2(taxon)

lo bakni — cow.

i mu bakni cu zvati le purdi — There are five cows in the garden.

Related words: danlu

bakri — x_1(entity) is some chalk ...

lo bakri — chalk.

i mi xebni le'e bakri i ki'u bo ri punji le'e purmo le xance — I hate chalk. It leaves powder on hands.

Related words: pinsi, blabi, jilka

baktu — x_1(entity) is a pail, bucket containing x_2(entity) ...

lo baktu — bucket, pail. lo se baktu — contents of a bucket.

i ko bevri le baktu be lo festi fo le dinju — Take the pail of bucket out of the house.

Related words: botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka

balji — x_1(entity) is a bulb of plant x_2(taxon)

lo balji — bulb (of a plant).

i ra pu sombo pa balji be pa xrula le purdi — She planted a flower bulb in the garden.

Related words: spati

balnema — x_1(entity) is a baleen whale of species x_2(taxon)

lo balnema — baleen whale.

i lei litru ca'o zgana le melbi nu muvdu fa le balnema — The tourists are watching the graceful movement of a baleen whale.

balni — x_1(entity) is a balcony or shelf of structure x_2(entity)

lo balni — balcony. lo se balni — building with a balcony.

i mi cpana le balni be le zdani be mi — I am on the balcony of my home.

i le jvinu be fi le balni cu melbi — The view from the balcony is beautiful.

Related words: kajna

balre — x_1(entity) is a blade of tool or weapon x_2(entity)

lo balre — blade. lo se balre — tool with a blade, weapon with a blade.

i le balre be le dakfu cu kinli — The blade of the knife is sharp.

Related words: dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna

balvi — x_1(clause) is in the future of x_2(clause) ; x₁ is later than x₂

lo balvi — later event, future event. lo se balvi — earlier event, past event.

i la kevin co'u zvati .i je le nu go'i cu pu balvi le nu ju'a mi mo'u klama le xotli — Kevin left, and that happened after my arrival to the hotel.

Related words: lidne, cabna, purci, farna

bambola — x_1(entity) is a doll

lo bambola — doll.

i le nixli cu nelci tu noi bambola — The girl likes that doll.

Related words: keltci, kelci

bambu — x_1(entity) is a bamboo of variety x_2(taxon)

lo bambu — bamboo.

i le bambu cu torni le brife — The bamboo bends before the wind.

Related words: spati, tricu

bancu — x_1(entity) is beyond boundary x_{2(same type as x1)} from x_{3(same type as x1)} in x_{4(property of x1, amount of x1)}

i pa lalxu cu bancu le tcadu — There is a lake beyond the city.

i le tai fasnu cu bancu le se kakne be mi — Such things are beyond my powers.

i le zdani cu bancu le vu tricu ti le ka darno ti — The house is beyond those trees from here in how far it is from here.

Related words: zildukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe

bandu — x_1(event) defends x_{2(object, state)} from threat x_3(event)

i le nu brife e le nu carvi cu bandu le dinju le nu ri jelca — Wind and rain protect the house from burning.

Related words: ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji

banfi — x_1(entity) is an amphibian of species x_2(taxon)

lo banfi — amphibian.

i le remna cu simsa le banfi le ka se tarmi — Humans look like amphibians.

Related words: danlu, respa

bangu — x_1(entity) is a language used by x_2(entity) to express x_{3(si'o, proposition)}

lo bangu — language. lo se bangu — user of a language.

i xu do se bangu la lojban — Do you speak Lojban?

i le mi'u nanmu pu pilno le bangu be fi le mabla — The man used foul language.

Comment: x₂ are usually live beings or computer programs.

Related words: tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka

banli — x_1(entity) is great, magnificent in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo banli — great (superior).

i le jvinu be le xamsi bei le kumfa be le xotli cu banli le ka se tarmi — The view of the sea from the hotel room is magnificent i its form.

Related words: barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, marvele

banro — x_1(entity) grows to size or into form x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

i le spati ca'o banro le tricu pa se katna jimca — The plant is growing into a tree from a cut off branch.

Related words: farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti

banxa — x_1(entity) is a bank owned by x_2(entity) for banking functions x_3(event)

lo banxa — bank. lo se banxa — bank owner, bank system. lo te banxa — function of bank.

i ti banxa le gugde le ka canja fo le kagni i je to'u ti banxa fi tu'a le kagni — This bank owned by state works with companies, in short, this is a commercial bank.

Comment: x₂ can be a banking system.

Related words: sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni

banzu — x_1(object) is enough for purpose x_2(clause) to take place ...

— '

— '

Related words: zildukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, e'ande

bapli — x_{1(property of nonce place)} forces, convinces x_2(event) to occur

lo bapli — force.

i le tcima pu bapli le nu le nakni cu stali le zdani — The violent weather forced him to stay at home.

i le snuti pu bapli le nu le prenu cu zenba le ka jundi — The accident convinced him to be more careful.

Related words: fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, tolpro, danre, bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu

barda — x_1(entity) is big, large in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo barda — large, big.

i le tanxe pu barda le ka se canlu — The box occupied large space.

i le nu penmi cu pu barda le ka se ditcu — The meeting lasted for a large amount of time.

Related words: banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto

bargu — x_1(entity) is an arch over or around x_2(entity) ...

lo bargu — arch.

i lei tricu cu bargu le dargu — The trees form an arch over the road.

Related words: cripu, korcu, condi

barja — x_1(entity) is a bar serving x_2(entity) to customers x_3(entity)

lo barja — bar.

i ti barja le ckafi le'e litru — This is a bar serving coffee to tourists.

Related words: gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe

barna — x_1(entity) is a mark, spot on x_2(entity) ...

lo barna — mark, spot.

i le barna be le kamju cu tcita le dargu tu'a lo flalu — The mark on the pillar is a road sign.

Related words: sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina

bartu — x_1(entity) is outside of x_2(entity)

lo bartu — something outside. lo se bartu — something inside.

i ei mi klama lo bartu be le zdani — I should go out.

Related words: jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru

basna — x_1(entity) emphasizes x_2(entity) by action x_{3(action, property of x1)}

lo se basna — emphasis (something emphasized).

i mi pu basna le nu le nu ca'o gunka cu vajni vau le ka cladu cusku — I emphasized the importance of continuing to work by saying it aloud.

basti — x_1(entity) is a replacement for x_2(entity) in circumstance x_{3(property of x1 and x2)} ; x₁ is instead of x₂

lo basti — replacement (object). lo se basti — something replaced.

i ma ba basti do le ka gunka — Who will replace you?

Related words: se ba'i, binra

batci — x_1(entity) bites or pinches x_2(entity) ...

lo se batci — bitten.

i pu ku pa gerku cu batci le tuple be mi — A dog bit my leg.

Related words: denci, jgalu, guska, citka

batke — x_1(entity) is a button or knob on x_2(entity) ...

lo batke — button.

i ra pu ru'i jgari pa batke be le kosta pe vo'a — He was holding a button of his coat.

Related words: jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna

bau [preposition] — in language ...

i mi tavla bau la lojban — I talk in Lojban language.

Comment: in the clause where bau is used x₁ is user of the language, the clause itself describes what is expressed in this language.

bavlamdei — x_1(clause) is tomorrow, the day that follows the day x_2(clause)

lo bavlamdei — tomorrow, the day that follows.

i ko klama ca le bavlamdei — Come tomorrow!

i pu ku ca le bavlamdei be le nu mi mo'u klama vau mi co'a ganse lo cizra — On the day following my arrival I started feeling something strange.

Related words: djedi, cabdei, prulamdei, cedra, ditcu

bavmi — x_1(entity) is some barley of species x_2(taxon)

lo bavmi — barley.

i lo'e bavmi cu ralju se cupra bu'u — Barley is the main product here.

Related words: gurni

be — continues the verb by adding more nouns to it (by default starting from x₂) and prepositions

i le tixnu be mi cu melbi — My daughter is pretty.

Related words: bei

be'e [vocative] — request to send/speak

i be'e le nobli do mulno xu — Pardon, Sir/Madam, are you finished?

i be'e le mi'u pendo — Hello, are you still there, friend?

be'i [preposition from benji] — sent by ...

i ti me le se dunda ne be'i la kevin — This a present sent by Kevin.

be'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: be, bei

be'u [interjection modifier] — lack/need, be'u cu'i — presence/satisfaction, be'u nai — satiation

i u'i be'u ko skicu le pa drata lisri — Hehe, not that funny, tell me another story.

i ui be'u cu'i do bevri le mi'u re verba mlatu noi mi pu djica — Yay, you brought the two kittens whom I wanted.

i u'i be'u nai ba'a mi ca farlu le loldi — Ha-ha-ha, so funny, I can't laugh anymore, I might fall down to the floor now.

Related words: claxu, nitcu, mansa

bebna — x_1(entity) is foolish, stupid in x_{2(event, action, property of x1)}

lo bebna — fool, stupid. lo se bebna — foolish action.

i ko na bebna le ka ce'u da ca'o cusku — Don't be silly in repeating the same.

Related words: fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba

bei [middle separator] — separates nouns attached to verb with be — ends a construct started with: be

bekpi — x_1(entity) is the back, dorsum, 'posterior' body-part of x_2(entity)

lo bekpi — back (of body).

i le bekpi be mi za'o se cortu — My back still hurts.

Comment: not necessarily at the back of body (determined by bilateral symmetry of the body).

Related words: trixe, cutne

bemro — x_1(entity) is North American in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo bemro — North American.

i mi nelci le bemro tumla — I like North American lands.

Related words: merko, ketco

bende — x_1(entity) is a team or crew of persons x_{2(entity group, full set)} led by x_3(entity) organized for purpose x_4(clause)

lo bende — team (crew). lo se bende — member of a team. lo te bende — leader of a team.

i mi cmima le'i stati prenu ku noi se bende pa da la robin le nu ro cmima be le se nei cu tadni la lojban — I am a member of a team of smart people led by Robin and learning Lojban.

Related words: gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva

benji — x_1(entity) transmits x_2(entity) to receiver x_3(entity) from origin x_4(entity) via x_5(entity)

lo benji — transmitter. lo te benji — transmission receiver. lo ve benji — origin of a transmission. lo xe benji — medium of transmission.

i mi ba benji pa xatra do fu la internet fo le skami pe le mi zdani — I will send you a letter via the internet from my home computer.

i pa gunka pu benji pa sance sinxa pa drata gunka le galtu le vacri — A worker sent a sound signal to another worker from the above over the air.

Comment: transmitter in English can denote both lo benji and lo xe benji.

Related words: muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, volta, cradi, tivni, preja, be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana

bersa — x_1(entity) is a son of x_2(entity)

lo bersa — son. lo se bersa — parent of a son.

i mi se bersa re da — I have two sons.

Related words: tixni, se rirni, verba, nanla, nakni, patfu, bruna

berti — x_1(entity) is to the northern side of x_2(entity) ...

lo berti — northern.

i le za'u pa purdi be fi le'e grute cu berti le tcadu — Fruit gardens are to the north of the city.

Related words: snanu, stici, stuna, farna

besna — x_1(entity) is a brain of x_2(entity)

lo besna — brain.

i ro remna su'o da se besna — All humans have brains.

Related words: menli, stedu, rango, pensi

betfu — x_1(entity) is a belly, abdomen, lower trunk of body x_2(entity)

lo betfu — abdomen, belly.

i le betfu be mi cu se cortu — My belly hurts.

Related words: cutne, livga, canti

betka — x_1(entity) is a beet of variety x_2(taxon)

lo betka — beet.

i ti na ciblu gi'e ja'a betka — It's not blood. It's beet.

Related words: stagi

betri — x_{1(property of x2)} is a tragedy for x_2(entity)

lo betri — tragedy.

i pu betri le nakni fa le nu ri co'u se bersa le ro pa mei — It was a tragedy for him to lose his only son.

Related words: badri, xlali, morsi, binra

bevri — x_1(entity) brings, transports x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) from x_4(entity) by path x_5(entity)

lo bevri — carrier. lo se bevri — cargo.

i mi pu bevri pa patxu be lo nudle fu'e ta'o fi le purdi fo le kumfa pe le'e nu jukpa vau fu le rokci dargu fu'o — I carried a bowl of noodles (to the garden from the kitchen via a rocky road).

i la kevin pu bevri pa gerku le zdani — Kevin brought a dog home.

i mi pu bevri pa fonxa fo pa daski — I took a phone out of a pocket.

Related words: bevri, marce, muvdu, benji, klama

bi [digit/number] — 8, eight

i bi penbi cu se pilno mi — There are 8 pens that I use.

bi'i [conjunction] — between ... and ...

i mi sanli pa dinju bi'i pa rirxe — I am standing between a house and a river.

bi'o [conjunction] — between ... and ... (ordered)

i mi gunka de'i li cy bi bi'o li cy pa ze — I work from 8 to 17 o'clock.

bi'u [interjection] — newly introduced information, bi'u nai — previously introduced information

i le bi'u nai nixli pu klama pa panka i bi'u le mi'u nixli ca tavla pa nanla bu'u le mi'u panka — That girl (mentioned earlier), she went to a park. What is new is that she is talking to a boy there.

Comment: the situation may be not new but that the noun marked with bi'u appears in it is new. bi'u introduces new objects, events facts, not just rephrases earlier facts.

Related words: cnino

bidju — x_1(entity) is a bead, pebble ...

lo bidju — pebble, bead.

i pu ku mu bidju ti zvati — There were five pebbles here.

Related words: bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo

bifce — x_1(entity) is a bee or wasp of species x_2(taxon)

lo bifce — bee, wasp.

i le bifce cu vofli vi lei xrula — Bees are flying near the flowers.

Related words: cinki, sfani, lakse

bikla — x_1(entity) whips, lashes

lo bikla — whip.

i le carvi pu bikla ta'i le nu ri janli le canko — The rain whipped against the window.

Related words: skori, darxi

bilga — x_1(entity) is obligated to do x_{2(property of x1)} by agreement x_{3(proposition)}

lo se bilga — obligation, duty.

i mi bilga le ka bevri ti noi cukta vau le ponse ca le cabdei vau le pu se nupre be mi — I must take this book to the owner today fulfilling my earlier promise.

Related words: zifre, fuzme

bilma — x_1(entity) is ill, sick with symptoms x_{2(property of x1)} from disease x_3(clause)

lo bilma — ill. lo se bilma — symptom of an illness. lo te bilma — disease.

i ra pu terpa le nu vo'a co'a bilma fi la zukam — She was afraid to catch a cold.

i mi bilma le ka cortu le denci vau le influ'enza — I've got the flu and my teeth hurt.

Related words: kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra

binra — x_1(entity) insures x_2(person) against threat x_3(event) with benefit x_4(event)

lo binra — insurer, underwriter. lo se binra — insured thing or person. lo ve binra — insurance compensation.

i le kagni cu binra le sportivo lo'e xrani le ka pleji le jdini — The company insures the sportsman against injuries by paying money as an insurance.

Related words: bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma

binxo — x_1(entity) transforms into x_2(entity) ...

i le tsiju ba zi binxo lo tricu — The seed soon will turn into a tree.

Comment: binxo describes that entity turns into another entity, galfi is to turn one entity into another one. cenba describes how entity changes its state while remaining the same entity, stika is to make entity change its state.

Related words: cenba, galfi, stika, zasni

birje — x_1(entity) some beer brewed from x_2(entity)

lo birje — beer, ale.

i ti birje lo'e badna — This is banana beer.

Related words: pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra

birka — x_1(entity) is an arm of body x_2(entity)

lo birka — arm.

i ra pu jai se torni pa birka be mi — She twisted my arm.

Related words: jimca, janco, xance, rebla

birti — x_1(entity) is convinced that x_{2(proposition)} is true

lo birti — convinced, sure.

i mi birti le du'u do ba snada — I am sure you will succeed.

i xu do pu'i jai gau birti fai lei rirni be do le du'u le nu litru na ckape — Have you persuaded your parents that the journey wouldn't be dangerous?

Related words: jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma

bisli — x_1(entity) is some ice ...

lo bisli — ice.

i au mi viska lo bisli cmana — I'd like to see ice mountains.

Related words: kunra, litki, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi

bitmu — x_1(entity) is a wall separating x_2(entity) and x_3(entity) ...

lo bitmu — fence, wall.

i le bitmu be le purdi bei le foldi cu rotsu — The fence between the garden and the field is thick.

i pa me ti noi bitmu le malsi cu sinxa le pu nu le gugde cu vlipa — One of these walls of the temple is a sign of the past power of the country.

Related words: jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme

bitni — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) bits in size

lo se bitni — bit (data).

i le vreji cu bitni li pa ki'o — The file is 1000 bit.

Related words: datni

blabi — x_1(entity) is white

lo blabi — white.

i lei denci be le fetsi pu blabi — Her teeth were white.

Related words: skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu

blaci — x_1(entity) is some glass ...

lo blaci — glass (substance).

i le kabri cu blaci — The cup is made of glass.

Related words: kabri

blanu — x_1(entity) is blue

lo blanu — blue.

i le tsani cu blanu ca le cabdei — The sky is blue today.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna

blato — x_1(entity) is a cockroach, termite of species x_2(taxon)

lo blato — cockroach.

i lo'e blato cu mipri le nei ca lo'e donri — Cockroaches hide themselves during daytime.

Related words: cinki, civla, manti

bliku — x_1(entity) is a block ...

lo bliku — block.

i le dinju cu te zbasu le rokci bliku — The house is built of stone blocks.

Related words: tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi

blondine — x_1(entity) is blond, fair-haired

lo blondine — blond.

i pa blondine nixli pu mo'u klama te zu'e le nu vo'a penmi do — A girl with blond hair arrived to meet you.

Comment: blond is a color special to mammal and human hair.

Related words: brunete, kerfa

bloti — x_1(entity) is a boat or ship for carrying x_2(entity) propelled by x_3(entity)

lo bloti — boat. lo se bloti — cargo of a boat. lo te bloti — motor of a boat.

i mi pu se marce pa bloti be lo'e prenu bei pa te falnu — I was a passenger on a sailboat for carrying people.

Related words: falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu

bo [1st meaning] — more tightly binds two parts inside a compound verb

i mi pu penmi pa drata merko bo jbopre — I met another American Lojbanist.

i ko catlu le barda se kanla melbi — Look at the beauty with big eyes.

i ko catlu le barda se kanla bo melbi — Look at the big beauty-with-eyes.

Related words: ke

bo [2nd meaning] — placed after preposition to bind the sentence to the previous sentence

i mi pu plipe i ja'e bo mi pu kuspe le drudi — I jumped so that I reached the roof.

Related words: i

bo [3rd meaning] — placed after preposition to bind constructs from both sides of a conjunction

i la tom pu bilma gi'e ja'e bo pu na kakne le ka klama — Tom was ill and that's why couldn't come.

i mi e ba bo do klama le nenri — First I, then you enter.

Related words: i

boi — ends a string of numbers

i mi pu citka ci boi ro moi jbari — I ate three last berries.

Comment: usually used to separate a number from the next number belonging to another construct.

bolci — x_1(entity) is a ball ...

lo bolci — ball, sphere.

i le bolci pu gunro fe'e co'u le flu'ente — The ball rolled into the stream.

Related words: bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro

bombila — x_1(entity) is a light bulb

lo bombila — light bulb.

i le bombila cu spofu — The light bulb is broken.

Related words: minji, cabra, matra, tutci

bongu — x_1(entity) is a bone performing function x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo bongu — bone.

i mi pu jai gau janli fai pa grana le bongu be le ka sarji le tuple be mi — I hit my leg bone with a stick.

Related words: greku, denci, jirna, sarji

boske — x_1(entity) is a forest with components x_2(taxon)

lo boske — forest, selva, jungles.

i ti boske le clani tricu jo'u le kliti dertu — This is a forest of long trees and clay loams.

Related words: foldi, tricu, mudri, gumri, danlu

botpi — x_1(entity) is a sealable bottle for x_2(entity) made of x₃ with lid x₄

lo botpi — bottle, jar, flask. lo se botpi — contents of a bottle.

i ti botpi le'e birje le blaci le pa xunre — This is a bottle of beer made of glass and having a red lid.

Comment: bottle described by botpi must have a lid by design. For bottles without lids use kabri or patxu.

Related words: baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri

boxfo — x_1(entity) is a sheet ...

lo boxfo — sheet, blanket.

i mi ba bevri pa boxfo do — I will bring you a blanket.

Related words: plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci

boxna — x_1(entity) is a wave in x_2(entity) ...

lo boxna — wave.

i pu ku pa da barda boxna le xamsi — There was a big wave in the sea.

Related words: slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre

bradi — x_1(entity) is an enemy of x_2(entity) in struggle x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo bradi — enemy. lo se bradi — someone who has an enemy. lo te bradi — struggle between enemies.

i le tance be mi mi bradi le nu mi troci le ka pilno le nei le ka bacru lo lojbo valsi — My tongue is my enemy when I'm trying to use it to utter Lojban words.

Related words: damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga

bramlatu — x_1(entity) is a big cat of species x_2(taxon)

lo bramlatu — tiger, lion, panther, leopard, cheetah.

i ju'o cu'i le bramlatu cu se zdani le mi'u tutra — Big cats may inhabit this area.

Related words: cinfo, mlatu

bratu — x_1(entity) is hail, sleet of components including x₂

lo bratu — hail, sleet.

i le nu le bratu be lo snime cu carvi cu pu vlile — The precipitation of sleet was violent.

Comment: lo bratu is the frozen substance. carvi is to fall down as rain or sleet and thus describes the manner of falling.

Related words: djacu, snime, bisli, carvi, tcima

brazo — x_1(entity) is Brazilian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo brazo — Brazilian.

i le mi'u finti cu brazo — The author is Brazilian.

Related words: porto, ketco

bredi — x_1(entity) is ready for x_2(event)

lo bredi — ready.

i mi bredi le ka kansa do le ka cadzu — I am ready to walk with you.

Related words: spaji, jukpa

bridi — x_1(text) is a clause with the main verb x_2(text) that has arguments x_{3(ordered text group)}

lo bridi — grammatical clause. lo se bridi — main verb of a clause. lo te bridi — places of a grammatical clause.

i lu ma nuzba li'u bridi — "What's up?" is a grammatical clause.

i lu mi dunda ti do li'u bridi zo dunda zo mi ce'o zo ti ce'o zo do — "I give this to you." is a clause with the main verb "give" that has sequential places "I","this","you".

Related words: bridi, sumti, fancu

brife — x_1(entity) is wind from direction x_2(entity) ...

lo brife — wind. lo se brife — direction of a wind.

i oi le brife be lo'e berti se la'u li du'e carmi — Oh, the northern wind is too strong.

Related words: tcima

briju — x_1(entity) is an office or bureau of workers x_2(entity) at place x_3(entity)

lo briju — office (bureau).

i ti briju le mikce le tcadu — This is the doctor's city office.

Related words: jibri, gunka

broda [verb] — to be the thingumajig No. 1 (predicate variable 1)

i mi pu klama cei broda le zarci i ba bo mi ze'a sipna i xu do ba broda — I went to the market, and then I slept. Will you go to the market?

Comment: a dummy verb, a placeholder for any verb (that thus can have any place structure). broda, brode etc. are just variables, they can denote different verbs or the same verb. broda brode is a generalized representation of a compound verb (lo tanru) made of two verb words. [broda, brode, brodi, brodo, brodu and ko'a, ko'e, ko'i, ko'o, ko'u can be used to show bare grammatical structures without overloading text with unnecessary meaning..

Related words: bu'a

brode [verb] — to be the thingumajig No. 2 (predicate variable 2)

i la alis mo'u citka cei brode pa plise i je la kevin mo'u brode — Alice has eaten up an apple. And Kevin ate an apple too.

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a, broda

brodi [verb] — to be the thingumajig No. 3 (predicate variable 3)

i la alis pu ca'o ku zgana cei brodi le pixra i mi na brodi — Alice was beholding the pictures. I wasn't.

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a, broda

brodo [verb] — to be the thingumajig No. 4 (predicate variable 4)

i ma pu renro cei brodo le rokci i mu'a mi pu na brodo — Who threw the rock? For example, I didn't.

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a, broda

brodu [verb] — to be the thingumajig No. 5 (predicate variable 5)

i ti gusta lo se nelci be mi cei brodu i ku'i le ji'a mamta be mi cu zbasu lo cidja poi brodu — This restaurant serves the food that I like. However, my mother as well makes food that I like.

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a, broda

bruna — x_1(entity) is a brother of x_2(entity) bonded by x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo bruna — brother. lo se bruna — sibling of a brother.

i do bruna mi le ka se mamta — You are my brother since we are born from the same mother.

Related words: mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa

brunete — x_1(entity) is a brunet/brunette, having brown or black hair

lo brunete — brunet.

i doi la alis ma traji le ka do nelci vau fo lo'e blondine ce lo'e brunete — Alice, whom do you like more, blondes or brunets?

Related words: blondine, kerfa

bu — turn one word into letter pronoun

i mi pilno la'e me'o vy bu vy bu vy bu — I use WWW.

i la alis pu klama pa zarci i je ku'i mi na djuno le mi'u du'u a bu pu te vecnu ma kau — Alice went to a store, but I don't know what A (Alice) bought.

Comment: From verbs: xy zei kantu bu (lujvo formed with zei). From nouns: vy. bu (it denotes the letter "w" and thus isn't the same as vy.), zo a bu, zoi ly.klama.ly. bu, lo'u klam le'u bu. The following sequences are not grammatical: bu bu, si bu, sa bu, zei bu, fa'o bu, zo bu, zoi bu, lo'u bu.

bu'a [verb] — there exists some relation: 1st verb of bu'a, bu'e, bu'i series

i fau le nu do djica le nu bu'a cu bu'a gau ko — If there is something you want to happen, make it happen.

bu'e [verb] — there exists some relation: 2nd verb of bu'a, bu'e, bu'i series

i su'o bu'a su'o bu'e su'o bu'i zo'u le nu bu'a cu ka'e se jalge le nu bu'e ca le nu bu'i — There is an event X, an event Y and event Z such that X can lead to Y during Z.

bu'i [verb] — there exists some relation: 3rd verb of bu'a, bu'e, bu'i series

i su'o bu'a su'o bu'e su'o bu'i zo'u le nu bu'a cu ka'e se jalge le nu bu'e ca le nu bu'i — There is an event X, an event Y and event Z such that X can lead to Y during Z.

bu'o [interjection modifier] — shows the start of emotion, bu'o cu'i — shows the continuation of emotion, bu'o nai — shows the end of emotion

i za'o ku do klama mo'u ui bu'o — At last you arrived, and I'm happy now!

i ua nai bu'o cu'i la alis cu simsa fi le ka na zvati — What's going on, Alice is also not present.

i u'i bu'o nai mi di'a gunka — Enough laughing, I'm back to work.

bu'u [preposition of place] — at ... (some place)

i mi xabju ze'a le nanca be li ci le bu'u dinju — I've been living for three years in this house.

i le mi'u verba ca sipna bu'u le mi'u kumfa — The child is now sleeping in the room.

budjo — x_1(entity) is Buddhist in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo budjo — Buddhist.

i xu do budjo — Are you a Buddhist?

Related words: latna, lijda

bukpu — x_1(entity) is some cloth ...

lo bukpu — cloth.

i le bukpu cu cpana le jubme — The cloth is on the table.

Related words: mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka

bumru — x_1(entity) is covered by a fog or mist of liquid x_2(entity)

lo bumru — foggy. lo se bumru — fog, mist.

i le xamsi cu bumru lo lenku dirgo — The sea is covered by a fog of cold drops.

Related words: djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci

bunda — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) weight units in standard x_{3(property of x1)} ...

i ti noi tanxe cu bunda li pa no le'e glico — This box is 10 Engish pounds in weight.

Related words: grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, jmagutci, minli, merli, kramu

bunre — x_1(entity) is brown

lo bunre — brown.

i le bunre gerku pu zvafa'i pa blabi ractu — The brown dog found a white rabbit.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi

burcu — x_1(entity) is a brush for doing x_2(event) with bristles x_3(entity)

lo burcu — brush. lo se burcu — purpose for a brush. lo te burcu — bristle of a brush.

i ti burcu le nu punji le cinta vau lei cmalu — This is a brush for painting with small bristles.

Related words: kombitu, pinsi

burna — x_1(entity) is flustered, disconcerted by x_{2(abstraction, clause)}

lo burna — flustered. lo se burna — befuddling event.

i xu do burna le nu do pilno la lojban — Are you disconcerted of using Lojban?

Related words: cinmo

by [pronoun] — b (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like by is for the last lo bredi used.

ca [preposition of tense] — during ..., at ... (at time), simultaneousely with ... (in time), adverb: meanwhile, now, currently (expresses present tense)

i lei mi'u rirni pu zvati le barja i ca bo lei mi'u verba cu kansa no da bu'u le zdani — The parents were in the bar; meanwhile the children were alone at home.

i ko smaji ca le nu mi tavla — Be quite while I'm talking.

i ca le nu do cinmo le ka kansa no da zo'u ko morji le se gleki be mi'o mokca — When you feel lonely, remember the happy moments we had together.

i mi pu prami do i mi ca prami do i mi ba prami do — I loved you. I love you. I will love you.

i le pendo be mi be'o joi mi pu mo'u klama pa cizra stuzi ca le nu no lu'a vo'a sanji le du'u le stuzi ka'e jai ckape — My friend and I arrived at a strange place lacking the awareness that it can be dangerous.

ca'a [preposition of potential] — actually is ..., actually does ...

i mi ca'a limna — I'm actually swimming.

i la kevin ca ca'a jatna — Kevin is now acting as a captain.

Comment: describes demonstrated activity.

Related words: jarco, pu'i, fau

ca'e [interjection] — I define

i ca'e do zutse va — You sit there!

i ca'e do klama ka'ai mi — You go with me!

i ca'e le se gunka cu mulno — The work is hereby done.

i ca'e gusni — Let there be light!

Related words: jetnu

ca'o [preposition of aspect] — progress of the event. be doing ... (someone or something), being ... (someone or something), already

i le mi'u verba ca'o citka — The child is eating.

Comment: describes an event as progressing whether or not it is continuous (for which ru'i is to be used); progressive aspect.

ca'u [preposition of cardinal direction] — to the front of ..., between me and ...

i le snime cu mitre li pa ca'u le vorme pe do — There is snow one meter thick in front of your door.

cabdei — x_1(clause) is today, the same day as x_2(clause)

lo cabdei — today.

i le cabdei cu detri li jy dy ze — Today is Sunday.

Related words: djedi, prulamdei, bavlamdei, cedra, ditcu

cabna — x_1(clause) is current with x_2(clause) in time

lo cabna — current, concurrent, simultaneous.

i so'i roi ku le xamgu fasnu cu cabna le xlali fasnu — Good events often happen at the same time as bad events.

Related words: zvati, balvi, purci, ca, ca'a

cabra — x_1(entity) is apparatus for function x_{2(property of x1)} controlled by agent x_3(entity)

lo cabra — apparatus. lo se cabra — function of an apparatus.

i ti cabra le ka zalvi le gurni vau le xance — This is a hand-controlled machine for grinding grain.

Comment: cabra is for devices controlled by external force, minji is for machines working automatically, zmiku is for robots in general.

Related words: tutci, minji, finti, girzu, ganzu, pilno

cacra — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) hours in duration ...

lo cacra — hour-long event.

i lo'e nicte be le cabna bei ti cu cacra li mu — At this time and this place, night is 5 hours long.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one hour in duration

Related words: junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci

cadzu — x_1(entity) walks on surface x_2(entity) with limbs x₃

lo cadzu — walker.

i pu ku ca le nu do mo'u klama vau mi ru'i cadzu le srasu le jamfu — When you arrived I was walking on the grass on foot.

Related words: stapa, bajra, klama, litru

cafne — x_1(event) occurs frequently ...

lo cafne — frequent event.

i mutce cafne fa le nu mi vitke le patfu be mi — It's quite often that I visit my father.

Related words: rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, so'i roi

cagna — x_1(entity) at locus x_2(entity)

lo cagna — wound.

i ti cagna le pu se zvati be pa denci bu'u le moklu be le mi'u nakni ri'a le nu le mikce mo'u vimcu le mi'u denci — This is a wound in his mouth at the place where there was a tooth and caused by removal of the tooth by a doctor.

Related words: xrani, bilma

cai [right scalar particle] — critical, extreme intensity

i oi cai — Ah, pain, I'm going to lose consciousness now!!!

cakla — x_1(entity) is some chocolate or cocoa

lo cakla — chocolate.

i mi nelci le blabi cakla ne se mau le manku cakla — I prefer white chocolate to dark chocolate.

Related words: ckafi

calku — x_1(entity) is a shell or husk around x_2(entity) ...

lo calku — shell.

i mi nitcu le calku be le stedu — I need a head helmet.

Related words: pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu

canci — x_1(entity) vanishes from location x_2(entity) ...

i do canci le jvinu be fi mi — You disappeared from my view.

Related words: cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu

cange — x_1(entity) is a farm or ranch at x_2(entity) farmed by x_3(entity) that raises or produces x_4(entity)

lo cange — farm. lo te cange — farmer. lo ve cange — farm production.

i ti cange le barda tumla le mensi be mi le vanjba — This is a farm covering a large parcel of land; it's kept by my sister and produces grapes.

Related words: purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju

canja — x_1(entity) trades commodity x_{2(property of x1)} for x_{3(property of x4)} with x_4(entity)

lo canja — trader. lo se canja — commodity.

i e'u mi canja tu'a le bidju le ka jarco le tatru be do mi vau do — Let me give you these beads in exchange that you show me your breast.

Comment: jdima is for cost/price/value distinction.

Related words: dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle

canko — x_1(entity) is a window or portal in wall or building x_2(entity)

lo canko — window. lo se canko — building with a window.

i le mi'u canko be le mi'u karce cu kalri — The window in the car is open.

Related words: vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe

canlu — x_1(entity) is a space or room occupied by x_2(entity)

lo canlu — space.

i le canlu be le mi'u purdi cu barda — The garden occupies a large space.

Related words: kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu

canpa — x_1(entity) is a shovel or spade for digging x_2(entity)

lo canpa — shovel.

i ti canpa le dertu ji le snime — Is this spade for digging ground or snow?

Related words: kakpa, guska, tutci

canre — x_1(entity) is some sand or grit ...

lo canre — sand.

i mi pu zvafa'i le jamfu prina be le canre — I found some footprints in the sand.

i mi pu se nandu le ka cadzu le canre poi gunma le cmalu rokci — It was hard for me to walk on the sand made of small stones.

Related words: bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna

canti — x_1(entity) is the intestines or guts of x_2(entity)

lo canti — intestine, gut.

i le jurme co'a xabju le canti be le cifnu ba zi le nu ri jbena — Bacteria colonize the intestines of a child soon after it is born.

Related words: betfu

carce — x_1(entity) is a carriage or wagon with wheels for carrying x_2(entity) ...

lo carce — carriage. lo se carce — cargo of a carriage.

i mi sazri pa carce be le karce — I am driving a car transporter.

Comment: carce is designed to be with wheels, marce isn't and is more generic.

Related words: karce, xislu, marce, matra

carmi — x_1(entity) is bright or intense in x_{2(property of x1)} as observed by x_3(entity)

lo carmi — bright, intense.

i ti noi bombila cu carmi le ka te gusni vau mi — This light bulb to me gives a bright light.

Related words: denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu

carna — x_1(entity) turns or rotates around axis x_2(entity) in direction x_3(entity)

lo carna — rotating. lo se carna — axis of rotation. lo te carna — direction of rotation.

i ko carna klama le pritu — Turn to the right.

i ko pritu carna — Turn right.

i le mi'u xislu pu carna le grana le zunle ki le galtu — The wheel was rotating around the rod counterclockwise when viewed from above.

Comment: in x₃ use lo pritu for clockwise movement and zunle for counterclockwise movement.

Related words: gunro, jendu

cartu — x_1(entity) is a chart or diagram of x_2(entity) showing formations or points x_3(entity)

lo cartu — chart. lo se cartu — picture on a chart.

i ti cartu pa fange tcadu le dargu — This is a map showing roads of an alien city.

i gau ko zgana fa mi le cartu be le nu'o se zvati be mi'o — Show me a map of a place where you and I haven't been.

Related words: platu

carvi — x_1(entity) rains or showers to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo carvi — rain. lo te carvi — rain cloud.

i ca ca'o carvi — It's raining.

i le snime pu carmi carvi le mi'u lalxu le barda dilnu — It was snowing hard onto the lake from a large cloud.

Related words: bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru

casnu — x_{1(entity group, entity mass, entity)} discuss x_2(entity)

lo casnu — debaters. lo se casnu — topic of a discussion.

i le mi'u fetsi jo'u mi pu casnu pa arte — She and I discussed a piece of art.

Comment: x₁ is usually a mass like lei prenu (the mass of people), an individual like mi (I) or a group connected with jo'u. do jo'u mi casnu means You and I discuss with each other, la alis jo'u do jo'u bo mi casnu means Alices discusses with us (you and me) (not necessarily that you and I discuss it), do e mi casnu means You discuss, I discuss (not necessarily with each other, each of us might be discussing with different people).

Related words: bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla

catke — x_1(entity) shoves or pushes x_2(entity) ...

i ko catke la'e me'o so pa pa — Dial 911!

i le mi'u nixli pu catke le mi'u nanla re'o le stedu be ri — The girl pushed the boy on his head.

Comment: danre is for non-agentive force.

Related words: danre, darxi, lacpu

catlu — x_1(entity) looks at x_2(entity)

i ko catlu mi — Look at me.

Related words: jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska

catni — x_1(entity) has authority over matter x_{2(property of x1)} on the basis of x_{3(property of x2)}

lo catni — someone with authority.

i mi co'a catni le ka te cange ti vau le ka te e'ande mi le patfu be mi — The authority to be a farmer on this land has been given to me by my father.

Related words: turni, tutra, krati, jaspu, pulji

catra — x_1(entity) kills x_2(entity) ...

lo catra — killer. lo se catra — killed.

i le mi'u nakni cu kakne le ka catra se pi'o pa rokci re cipni — He can kill two birds with one stone.

Related words: morsi, xarci

cau [preposition from claxu] — lacked by ...

caucni — x_1(entity) misses, feels the lack of x_2(entity)

i mi caucni do — I miss you.

Related words: claxu, cinmo, badri, klaku, gleki, betri

caxno — x_1(entity) is shallow in property x_{2(property of x3)} away from reference point x_3(entity) ...

lo caxno — shallow.

i ti noi lalxu cu caxno le ka sraji vau le sefta be vo'a — This lake is shallow in separating its bottom from its surface.

Related words: condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa

ce'i [digit/number] — '%' (percentage symbol), hundredths

i le ninmu cu ji'i mu no ce'i si'ei le remna — Approximately 50% of humans are women.

ce'o [conjunction] — and then ... (forms ordered sequence)

i li pa ce'o li re ce'o li ci cu porsi — 1,2,3 is a sequence.

Comment: joins nouns to create a new noun of ordered group type.

Related words: ce, je, e

ce'u [pronoun] — inside an abstraction of a verb ce'u is applied to another place of that verb

i mi nitcu le ka da tavla ce'u — I need someone to talk to me.

Comment: definitions of verbs show which place ce'u is applied to. If not explicitly stated then ce'u is applied to the first place of the verb. To apply to the head of a relative clause use ke'a.

cecla — x_1(entity) launches projectile or missile x_2(entity) ; x₁ is a gun ...

lo cecla — gun. lo se cecla — missile.

i ti cecla le fagri — This is a fire gun.

Related words: renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja

cecmu — x_1(entity) is a community or colony of organisms x_{2(entity group)}

lo cecmu — community. lo se cecmu — member of a community.

i pa cecmu be le cipni mo'u muvdu le bu'u tcadu — A colony of birds moved to this city.

Related words: bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu

cedra — x_1(clause) is an era or age characterized by x_{2(event, property of nonce place)}

lo cedra — era.

i le cabna cu cedra le nu pilno le skami — These days are the era of using computers.

Comment: x₂ is the defining characteristic of the period

Related words: ranji, temci, citsi

cei — that will from now on be called ... (main verb follows)

i mi ba klama cei broda le zarci i au do broda — I will go to the store. I'd like you go there too.

Comment: cei copies the whole main verb with all its places that can later be filled with another nouns.

cenba — x_1(entity) varies in x_{2(amount of x1, property of x1)} in amount x_3(entity) ...

lo cenba — variable.

i do cenba le ka ma kau se cpedu vau le barda — Your demands vary to much degree.

i ro linji ka'e cenba le ka clani ma kau vau ro da — Any line segment can be changed in its length to any degree.

Comment: binxo describes that entity turns into another entity, galfi is to turn one entity into another one. cenba describes how entity changes its state while remaining the same entity, stika is to make entity change its state.

Related words: cenba, galfi, stika, stodi, zasni, binxo

censa — x_1(entity) is holy or sacred to x_2(entity)

lo censa — holy.

i le bu'u tcadu cu censa ro prenu pe vi — This city is holy to all people here.

Related words: cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma

centero — x_1(entity) is in the center of x_2(entity)

lo centero — center.

i ti noi tcadu cu centero le mi'u gugde — This city is in the center of the country.

Comment: lo midju is center point, lo centero is central subset (of a set or territory), lo kernelo is core.

Related words: xadba

centi — x_1(entity) is a hundredth of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo centi — 1/100.

i le insekto cu centi be le mitre le ka clani — The insect is 1 centimeter long.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu, litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro

cerda — x_1(entity) inherits x_{2(property of x1 and x3)} from x_3(entity) according to rule x_{4(proposition, clause)}

lo cerda — inheritor, heir. lo se cerda — inherited, heritage.

i mi cerda le ka ponse le dinju vau le patfu be mi su'o se djica be ri — I inherited the house from my father according to his will.

Related words: jgina

cermurse — x_1(entity) happens at the dawn of day x_2(clause) at location x_3(entity)

lo cermurse — dawn.

i mi ba klama le boske ca le cermurse be le bavlamdei bei ti — I will go to forest tomorrow at dawn at this place.

Related words: cerni, kandi, vanci

cerni — x_1(entity) happens in the morning of day x_2(clause) at location x_3(entity)

lo cerni — morning.

i cerni coi — Good morning!

i ca cerni pa cnino la nipon. — It is now the morning of a new day in Japan.

Related words: vanci, cermurse, vacmurse, tcika

certu — x_1(entity) is skilled at x_{2(event, activity)} ...

lo certu — expert, master. lo se certu — field of expertise.

i fau ei ro da mi se zu'e se marvele le nu le mi'u prenu se la'u li xo kau certu le ka limna — I cannot but wonder at his skill in swimming.

Related words: djuno, stati, kakne

cevni — x_1(entity) is a god of people or religion x_2(entity) with dominion over x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cevni — god.

i do cevni mi le nu carvi — You are a god of rain for me.

Related words: censa, krici, lijda, malsi

cfari — x_{1(state, event, process)} commences, begins, or starts

lo cfari — beginning, start.

i de'i li cy xo le se tigni cu cfari — At what time does the performance begin?

Related words: sisti, krasi, fanmo, mulno

cfika — x_1(entity) is a work of fiction about plot or theme x_2(entity) ...

lo cfika — work of fiction. lo se cfika — plot of a work of fiction.

i la'e lu la lunra cu kusru turni li'u cfika le logji bangu — 'The Moon is a harsh mistress' is a fiction about logical languages.

Comment: for story in sense narrated by someone use lisri.

Related words: cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri

cfila — x_{1(property of x2)} is a flaw or defect in x_2(entity) causing x_3(clause)

lo cfila — flaw. lo se cfila — flawed.

i mi se cfila le nu le drata cu xanka — I have my faults making other nervous.

Related words: cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane

cfine — x_1(entity) is a wedge ...

lo cfine — wedge.

i mi pu setca pa cfine le loldi te zu'e le nu le mi'u vorme co'a kalri — I drove a wedge into the floor so that the door was open.

Related words: tutci

cfipu — x_{1(event, state)} confuses, baffles observer x_{2(entity) (property of x1)} ...

lo cfipu — confusing. lo se cfipu — confused, baffled.

i zo zabna jai cfipu mi fai le ka se smuni — To me zabna is confusing in meaning.

i do je'a xu se cfipu le ka cuxna le ka zukte ma kau — Are you really confused of deciding what to do?

Related words: pluja, senpi, zunti

ci [digit/number] — 3, three

i ci delfinu ca limna vi le korbi — There are three dolphins swimming near the shore.

ci'angulo — x_1(entity) is a triangle

lo ci'angulo — triangle.

i ma se sinxa ti noi ci'angulo — What does this triangle signify?

ci'e [preposition from ciste] — in system/context ...

i ci'e la internet le vrici prenu ka'e jikca zu'ai — In the system of the internet, various people can socialize with each other.

ci'i [digit/number] — infinite number

i ci'i da te cuxna — There is an infinite number of possibilities.

i ci'i da te cuxna fi le pa prenu i je ci'i re da te cuxna fi le re prenu — There is an infinite number of possibilities for one man, and twice as many for two men.

Comment: when followed by digits denotes aleph cardinality.

cibjmagutci — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) yards in length/height/... in standard x_3(entity) ...

i le foldi cu clani je cibjmagutci be li pa re no bei le'e glico — The field is 120 yards in length.

Related words: minli, clani, ganra, rotsu, condi, mitre, dekpu, merli, bunda, kramu

ciblu — x_1(entity) is blood of organism x_2(entity)

lo ciblu — blood.

i le ciblu be mi cu klesi li a bu ma'u bu — My blood type is A positive.

Related words: risna, flu'ente

cicna — x_1(entity) is torquoise or cyan

lo cicna — cyan (color).

i le vanci tsani co'a cicna — The evening sky became turquoise.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu

cidja — x_1(entity) is food or nutriment for x_2(entity)

lo cidja — food.

i le rectu na cidja le xirma — Meat is not a food for horses.

i mi nelci le jungo cidja — I like Chinese food.

Related words: citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina

cidni — x_1(entity) is a knee, elbow, or other hinged joint of limb x_2(entity) ...

lo cidni — knee, elbow.

i le cidni be le tuple be mi cu se xrani — My knee is injured.

Related words: jimca, birka, xance, tuple, jamfu, janco, korcu, jganu

cidro — x_1(entity) is a quantity of hydrogen

lo cidro — hydrogen.

i le cidro cu traji linto se ratni — Hydrogen is the lightest element.

Related words: gapci, xukmi

cifnu — x_1(entity) is a baby, young living being of species x_2(taxon)

lo cifnu — baby, young living being, infant.

i xu le mi'u cifnu xa'o jimpe le lojbo se smusku — Does the infant understand Lojban yet?

Related words: makcu, verba, citno, panzi

cigla — x_1(entity) is a gland secreting x_2(entity) in body x_3(entity)

lo cigla — gland. lo se cigla — secretion of a gland.

i ti cigla le xasne le remna — This human gland secrets sweat.

Related words: vikmi, xasne

cikna — x_1(entity) is awake

lo cikna — someone awake.

i xu su'o do cikna — Is any of you awake?

i mi pu co'a clira cikna — I got up early.

i ko jai gau cikna fai mi de'i li cy bi — Wake me up at 8.

Related words: sanji, sipna, tatpi

cikre — x_1(entity) repairs or mends x_2(entity) for use x_{3(property of x2)}

lo cikre — repairer. lo se cikre — repaired.

i mi cikre le mi'u spofu stizu le ka ka'e se zutse — I repair the chair so that one can sit on it.

Related words: cfila, spofu

ciksi — x_1(entity) explains x_{2(event, state, property of nonce place)} to x_3(entity) as having details x_{4(proposition)}

lo ciksi — expounder. lo ve ciksi — explanation.

i mi pu ciksi fi le mi'u ctuca fe le nu mi na zvati le mi'u nu penmi vau fo le nu mi na pu djuno le mi'u du'u sarcu fa le nu mi zvati nu bu — I explained to the teacher my absence at the meeting that I didn't know that I should've been there.

Comment: x₄ is the explanation of x₂, its underlying mechanism, purpose or method

Related words: cusku, tadji, jetnu, cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, spusku, rinka

cilce — x_1(entity) is wild or untamed

lo cilce — wild.

i ti noi foldi cu cilce — This field is untamed.

i ra sazri pa cilce xirma — He rides an untamed horse.

Related words: pinfu, panpi, tarti

cilmo — x_1(entity) is moist or damp with liquid x_2(entity)

lo cilmo — damp, moist, wet.

i ko lumci le mi'u canko se pi'o le cilmo bukpu — Clean the window with a damp cloth.

Related words: litki, lunsa, sudga

cilre — x_1(entity) learns some fact or information x_{2(proposition)} about x_3(entity) from doing or being x_4(clause) ...

lo cilre — learner. lo se cilre — learned.

i mi cilre fi la lojban — I learn Lojban.

i mi pu cilre le mi'u du'u le remna na smani — I learnt that humans are not monkeys.

i mi tcidu mu'i le nu mi cilre — I read in order to learn.

i mi so'i da pu'i cilre fo le nu mi pu zgana le cipni — I learned a lot from watching birds.

Related words: info, saske, ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule

cilta — x_1(entity) is a thread, wire, filament ...

lo cilta — thread (cord), cord.

i mi pu katna le mi'u cilta le ci mei — I cut the wire into three pieces.

Comment: unlike skori doesnt describe the object as consisting of more than one filament.

Related words: fenso, nivji, skori, silka

cimde — x_1(entity) is a dimension of space or object x_2(entity) according to rule or model x_{3(property of x2)}

lo cimde — dimension.

i le mitre be li re cu cimde le mi'u kumfa le ka clani — Two meters is the dimension of the room in length.

Related words: morna, ckilu, merli, manri

cimni — x_1(entity) in infinite in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo cimni — infinite.

i si'au le mi'u nu penmi cu cimni le ka se ditcu — It seems to me, the meeting will never end.

i le mi'u munje cu cimni le ka se canlu — The world is infinite in space.

Related words: vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti

cinba — x_1(entity) kisses x_2(entity) ...

lo se cinba — kissed.

i mi pu cinba le mi'u fetsi re'o pa kerlo — I kissed her in the ear.

Related words: ctebi

cindu — x_1(entity) is an oak of species x_2(taxon)

lo cindu — oak.

i xu da cindu bu'u le mi'u cmana — Are there oak trees on the mountain?

Related words: tricu

cinfo — x_1(entity) is a lion of species x_2(taxon)

lo cinfo — lion.

i mi pu se spaji le ka viska le cinfo — I was surprised to see a lion.

Related words: bramlatu, mlatu

cinje — x_1(entity) is a wrinkle in x_2(entity)

lo cinje — wrinkle. lo se cinje — wrinkled.

i da cinje le bukpu — There are creases in the cloth.

i gau ko ri xutla — Smooth out it.

Related words: korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna

cinki — x_1(entity) is an arthropod of species x_2(taxon)

lo cinki — arthropod.

i le insekto cu cinki — Insects are arthropods.

Related words: insekto, civla, danlu, blato, ankabuta, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce

cinla — x_1(entity) is thin in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo cinla — thin.

i le mi'u ninmu cu cinla le ka se tuple — The woman has thin legs.

Comment: the third largest dimension. tordu, jarki and cinla specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki

cinmo — x_1(entity) feels emotion x_{2(property of x1)} about x_3(entity)

lo cinmo — emotional (live being). lo se cinmo — emotion, feeling (impression).

i mi cinmo le ka gleki vau le nu mi'o tavla zu'ai bau la lojban — I feel happy that we talk in Lojban.

Related words: cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, marvele, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki

cinri — x_1(clause) interests observer x_2(entity)

lo cinri — interesting. lo se cinri — interested.

i ma se cinri le nu ca ma kau le mi'u fetsi co'a speni — Who cares when she gets married?

i mi se cinri le nu xu kau sarcu fa le nu mi cusku fi la alis fe le se du'u mi pu zi zukte ma kau — I wonder if I should tell Alice what I just did.

Related words: zdile, kucli, marvele, kurji

cinta — x_1(entity) is some paint of substance x_2(entity) in a base of x_3(entity)

lo cinta — paint (coloring substance). lo se cinta — pigment of a paint. lo te cinta — paint base.

i mi pu punji le cinta be le kliti bei le sovda le mi'u bitmu — I put an oil paint (with clay as a pigment) on to the wall.

Comment: lo te cinta (paint base) is the part of the paint that is not a lo se cinta (pigment).

Related words: pixra, skari

cintura — x_1(entity) is a waist of body x_2(entity)

lo cintura — waist (of body).

i le cintura be do cu klani ma le ka clani — What is the length of your waist?

Related words: xadni, cutne, midju, cinla, rotsu

cinza — x_1(entity) is a pincer of x_{2(property of x3)} used to pinch x_3(entity)

lo cinza — pincers.

i lei re cinza be le manti bei lei cidja ca ca'o sutra muvdu — The two pincers of the ant used to pinch food are quickly moving.

Related words: tutci

cipni — x_1(entity) is a bird of species x_2(taxon)

lo cipni — bird.

i le mi'u pa cipni ca'o vofli — The bird is flying.

Related words: datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu

cipra — x_{1(event, process)} is a test, act of examination, study of x_{2(property of x3, state)} in subject x_{3(entity, entity group, full set)}

lo cipra — study, test (act of examination). lo se cipra — tested.

i le nu catlu le kanla be do cu cipra le nu do stace se la'u li xo kau — To look into your eyes is a test of your sincerity.

i mi pu gasnu le cipra be tu'a le mi'u karce — I tested the car.

i ba zi ku mi jai se cipra — I will have a test soon.

Related words: ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske

cirko — x_1(entity) loses x_{2(property of x1)} at x_{3(entity, property of x1)}

lo cirko — loser. lo se cirko — lost, not in possesion.

i mi cirko le ka kakne le ka sazri le xirma vau le ka xabju le tcadu — I lost my ability to ride a horse while living in the city.

Related words: facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri

cirkulo — x_1(entity) is a circle

lo cirkulo — circle.

i mi pu ciska pa cirkulo — I drew a circle.

Related words: cukla, djine

cirla — x_1(entity) is some cheese ...

lo cirla — cheese.

i xu do djica tu'a le cirla — Would you like cheese?

Related words: ladru

ciska — x_1(entity) writes x_2(text) on medium x_3(entity) ...

lo ciska — writer. lo se ciska — written text. lo te ciska — writing medium.

i mi ba ciska lu coi munje li'u le pelji — I will write "Hello, world!" on the paper.

Comment: for 'author' or specific authorial works use finti.

Related words: papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti, barna, pinka

cisma — x_1(entity) smiles

i se ja'e ma do cisma — Why are you smiling?

Related words: xajmi, cmila, frumu

ciste — x_1(entity) is a system with structure x_2(entity) ...

lo ciste — system. lo se ciste — structure of a system.

i le kibro cu ciste le se tcana be le skami poi se pi'o ce'u le prenu cu jikca — The internet is a system with computer nodes, using which people communicate.

Related words: ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana

citka — x_1(entity) eats x_2(entity)

lo citka — eater. lo se citka — eaten.

i mi mo'u citka pa badna e re mango — I've eaten a banana and two mangoes.

Related words: cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri

citno — x_1(entity) is young in that it has x_{2(property of x1)}

lo citno — young.

i le mi'u nixli cu citno le ka lifri le xo kau mei — The girl is young in how much she experienced.

Related words: laldo, cnino, slabu, verba

citri — x_1(entity) is a history of x_2(entity) according to x_3(entity)

lo citri — history. lo se citri — having a history.

i mi tadni le citri be le mi'u kagni bei le cnino lanli — I'm studying the history of the company according to new analysts.

Related words: muzga, purci

citsi — x_1(entity) is a season defined by x_2(clause) of year x_{3(entity, number)}

lo citsi — season.

i ca citsi le nu carvi vau le pa no no mu moi — Now it's the season of rains of year 2005.

i vi ku le dunra cu citsi le nu lenku — Here, winter is a cold season.

Related words: cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena

civla — x_1(entity) is a flea or louse of species x_2(taxon) parasitic on x_3(entity)

lo civla — flea, louse.

i xu le civla be fi le gerku cu ckape le remna — Are dog louses dangerous to humans?

Related words: insekto, cinki, blato

cizra — x_1(entity) is strange to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cizra — strange.

i le mi'u valsi cu cizra mi le ka se smuni — The word is strange to me in meaning.

i cizra fa le nu la tom na zvati — It's strange that Tom is not present.

Related words: ranxi, rirci, fange, banli

ckabu — x_1(entity) is some rubber ...

lo ckabu — rubber.

i le bolci poi ckabu cu plipe ri'a le ka pruni — A rubber ball jumps because it is elastic.

Related words: pruni

ckafi — x_1(entity) is some coffee ...

lo ckafi — coffee.

i do pinxe le ckafi ji le tcati — Will you drink coffee or tea?

Related words: tcati, barja, cakla

ckaji — x_1(entity) is characterized by x_{2(property of x1)}

lo se ckaji — property.

i le mi'u prenu na simlu gi'e ku'i ja'a ckaji vau le ka ninmu — The person doesn't look like a woman but she is.

i le ka masno bacru cu se ckaji tu noi nanmu — Slow speech is the characteristic of that man.

Related words: kai, tcaci, tcini

ckana — x_1(entity) is a bed ...

lo ckana — bed.

i au mi vreta le ckana — I want to lie down in bed.

Related words: kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji

ckape — x_1(clause) is dangerous to x_2(clause) ...

lo ckape — dangerous. lo se ckape — threatened.

i ka'e ckape le nu do kanro vau fa le nu do zukte le se stidi be la kevin — It can be dangerous for your health to do what Kevin suggested.

i do jai se ckape fai le ka co'a bilma — You are at risk of getting ill.

Related words: te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni

ckasu — x_1(entity) mocks at x_2(entity) about x_{3(property of x2)} by doing x_{4(property of x1)}

i pa pendo pu ckasu mi le ka cadzu tai ma kau vau le ka cusku le mabla — A friend mocked at the manner I walk by saying bad words.

Related words: cmila

ckeji — x_1(entity) feels ashamed, mortified about x_2(clause) before audience x_3(entity)

lo ckeji — ashamed. lo se ckeji — shameful event.

i le mamta be mi pu ckeji le nu mi tarti ma kau vau lei prenu — My mother was ashamed in front of the crowd of my conduct.

Related words: cinmo

ckiku — x_1(entity) is a key fitting lock x_2(entity) ...

lo ckiku — key (of a lock). lo se ckiku — lock (of a key).

i ti ckiku le xunre vorme i ma ckiku le jaspu be do — What is the password to your account?

i mi mo'u cirko le pe mi ckiku — I lost my keys.

Comment: x₂ can describe doors in the sense of entities that lock access.

Related words: stela

ckilu — x_{1(property of nonce place with kau)} is a scale of units for measuring x_{2(property of nonce place with kau)}

lo ckilu — scale.

i le ka mitre ma kau cu ckilu le ka te sepli ma kau ma kau — Metric scale measures the distance between two points.

Related words: gradu, merli, cimde, manri

ckini — x_1(entity) is related to x_2(entity) by relationship x_{3(relation between x1 and x2, contains two places for ce'u)}

lo ckini — related. lo te ckini — relationship.

i mi na jimpe le te ckini be le mi'u panci bei le se vecnu be fi do — I don't understand the relation between the smell and your purchases.

i ti'e le mi'u sance cu ckini le barda mabru le ka ce'u cupra ce'u fau le nu ri pagre ti — They say the sound is related to a large mammal that produces it while passing here.

i le nu da'i mi pu zvati la nipon cu ckini fi no da — The fact that I was in Japan is totally irrelevant.

Related words: ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange

ckire — x_1(entity) is grateful or thankful to x_2(entity) for x_{3(property of x2)}

lo ckire — thankful. lo te ckire — reason for gratitude.

i mi ckire do le mi'u ka sidju mi — Thank you for helping me.

i ckire fi le balvi — Thanks in advance.

Related words: cinmo, friti, pluka

ckule — x_1(entity) is a school serving at area x_2(entity), teaching x_{3(proposition)} to x_4(entity) ...

lo ckule — school. lo te ckule — subject taught in a school. lo ve ckule — pupil of a school.

i ti ckule le bu'u gugde le ve mikce le citno tadni — This is a medical school serving in this area teaching therapy methods to young students.

i mi ve ckule fi le ralju — I'm in primary school.

Related words: cilre, ctuca, tadni

ckunu — x_1(entity) is a conifer of species x_2(taxon) ...

lo ckunu — conifer.

i xu le tsiju be ti noi ckunu cu kukte — Are pine nuts of this conifer tasty?

Related words: tricu

cladu — x_1(entity) is loud at observation point x_2(entity) ...

lo cladu — loud (producing loud sound). lo se cladu — loud place.

i le zgike cu cladu le bu'u kumfa ku ji'a — The music is loud even when you are in this room.

Related words: tolycladu, sance, savru

clani — x_1(entity) is long in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo clani — long.

i la tom cu clani le ka sraji — Tom is tall.

i le mi'u cmana cu clani — The mountain is high.

i le mi'u nu penmi pu clani le ka se ditcu — The meeting was long.

i clani le ka mitre li re — The length is two meters.

Comment: the first largest dimension. ganra, rotsu and clani specify the three dimensions of objects. clani can be used to describe 'tall' or 'high' (in the sense of vertical length). For lengthy time intervals barda is also used (choice depends on personal philosophy of the speaker).

Related words: slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, jmagutci, minli, rotsu

claxu — x_1(entity) lacks x_{2(entity, property of x1)}

lo claxu — deficient.

i mi claxu le ka djica le ka citka — I lack the desire to eat.

i si'au do claxu le ka cinmo da — Looks like you lack any emotions.

i mi claxu su'o penbi — I don't have a pen.

Related words: cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu

clika — x_1(entity) is lichen or moss of species x_2(taxon) growing on x_3(entity)

lo clika — moss.

i ti clika fi le rokci — This is moss growing on rocks.

Related words: mledi

clira — x_1(clause) is early by standard x_{2(proposition)}

lo clira — early event.

i le nu la alis cu cliva le mi'u briju pu clira le se sruma be mi — Alice leaving the office was early according to my assumption.

Related words: lerci

clite — x_1(entity) is polite in matter x_{2(property of x1) (clause)} ...

lo clite — polite. lo se clite — polite behaviour.

i do pu na clite le ka cusku le se du'u le mi'u ctuca na drani — You wasn't polite in saying that the teacher isn't right.

Related words: ritli

cliva — x_1(entity) leaves x_{2(entity, property of x1)} via x_3(entity)

i ra pu cliva le mi'u kumfa pa canko — He left the room via a window.

Related words: litru, canci, vimcu, lebna, muvdu

clupa — x_1(entity) is a loop of material x_2(entity)

lo clupa — loop.

i ko jai se torni le mi'u skori ja'e le nu ri clupa — Twist the rope into a loop.

Related words: djine

cmaci — x_{1(proposition)} is mathematics describing x_2(entity)

lo cmaci — mathematics. lo se cmaci — field of mathematics.

i mi tadni le cmaci be le klani — I study arithmetic (mathematics of quantity).

Related words: mekso

cmalu — x_1(entity) is small in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo cmalu — small.

i le nu penmi ba cmalu le ka ditcu — The meeting will be short in duration.

i le mi'u cukta cu cmalu le ka jai vajni — The book is of little importance.

Related words: caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda

cmana — x_1(entity) is a mountain projecting from land-mass x_2(entity)

lo cmana — mountain. lo se cmana — land mass with a mountain.

i so'i da cmana le bu'u tumla — This land has a lot of mountains.

Related words: punli, derxi

cmavo — x_1(text) is a grammatical particle of class x_2(text) ...

lo cmavo — grammatical particle. lo se cmavo — selma'o.

i zo ka cmavo ma'oi nu — ka is a grammatical particle of class "NU" (clause prefix)

Comment: a Lojban word starting with one vowel or one consonant followed by vowels or '. i, ui, le, co'o etc. are cmavo.

Related words: gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi

cmene — x_1(text) is the name for x_2(entity) used by x_3(entity)

lo cmene — name. lo te cmene — namegiver.

i ma jetnu cmene do — What is your real name?

i mi se cmene zo gleki — My name is Gleki.

i le bruna be mi cu te cmene mi zo ractu — My brother calls me "Rabbit"

i le mi'u kamni pu xusra le du'u le mi'u prenu pu zukte no se cmene be lu na'e drani li'u bei la kamni — The committee asserted that the person had done nothing "incorrect" (quoting the committee's words).

Comment: the first place of cmene requires a quote using e.g. zo or lu ... li'u.

Related words: gismu, tcita, valsi, judri

cmevla — x_1(text) is a cmevla (Lojban word ending in a consonant)

lo cmevla — cmevla.

i zo lojban cmevla — "Lojban" is cmevla.

Comment: lojban, nipon are cmevla.

Related words: selbrivla, gismu, zi'evla, cmavo, cmene

cmila — x_1(entity) laughs ...

i ra pu co'a cmila — She started laughing.

Related words: ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma

cmima — x_1(entity) is a member of set x_{2(entity, full set)}

lo cmima — member. lo se cmima — set.

i mi cmima pa kamni pe le mi'u gugde — I am a member of a state committee.

Comment: x₁ describes members of a set. To specify all members of a set use gunma.

Related words: ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, mei, kampu, lanzu, liste

cmoni — x_1(entity) howls, utters, moans x_2(sound) expressing x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cmoni — moaner.

i le mi'u prenu pu cmoni zo a le ka gleki — The person uttered "A!" expressing his happiness.

Comment: cmoni describes emotional utterances. For uttering text use bacru, for shouting text use krixa.

Related words: krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu

cnano — x_1(entity) is normal in x_{2(property of x1)} among x_{3(entity group, full set)} ...

lo cnano — norm.

i le ki'ogra be li ci cu cnano le ka se junta vau le ca zi jbena — 3 kilograms is a normal weight of newborns.

Comment: cnano is the generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts: cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu.

Related words: tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci

cnebo — x_1(entity) is a neck of body x_2(entity)

lo cnebo — neck.

i le cnebo be le za'u vi ninmu cu clani — These women have long necks.

Related words: galxe, cutne

cnemu — x_1(entity) rewards x_2(entity) for atypical x_{3(property of x2)} with x_{4(property of x2)}

lo cnemu — rewarder. lo se cnemu — rewardee. lo te cnemu — reason for a reward. lo ve cnemu — reward.

i mi pu cnemu le mi'u gerku le ka bevri le grana vau le ka te cpacu le sakta le mi'u gerku — I rewarded the dog for bringing the stick by giving it sugar.

Comment: x₄ is the property the recipient gets.

Related words: dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma

cnici — x_1(entity) is neat or orderly in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo cnici — neat.

i le mi'u kerfa cu cnici le ka se ganzu fi le carmi — The hair is neat in being organized into a shining part.

Related words: cunso, kalsa

cnino — x_1(entity) is new to observer x_2(entity) in property x_{3(property of x1)} ...

lo cnino — new.

i le pendo be mi co'a cnino mi le ka kakne le ka zgipli le pipno — My friend appeared new to me in being able to play the piano.

i cnino fa no cnita be le mi'u lunra — Nothing is new under the Moon (saying).

Related words: nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno

cnisa — x_1(entity) is some quantity of lead metal

lo cnisa — lead (metal).

i ra pu troci le ka zbasu le solji le cnisa — He tried to make gold out of lead.

Related words: jinme, tinci

cnita — x_1(entity) is directly beneath, directly below x_2(entity) ...

lo cnita — what is beneath. lo se cnita — what is above.

i le mi'u pelji cu cnita le mi'u cukta — The paper is below the book.

Related words: dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi

co — inverts the order of parts of compound verb

i lu le ractu co melbi li'u dunli lu le melbi ractu li'u — "Pretty bunnies" is the same as "bunnies, the pretty".

co'a [preposition of aspect] — at the start of the event (inchoative aspect)

i pu co'a ru'i carvi — It started raining.

i le mi'u plise co'a fusra — The apple has begun to decay.

i co'a pelxu — It's turning yellow.

i do pu co'a lazni — You became lazy.

co'e [verb] — main verb unspecified or known from context

i mu'i ma do co'e mi — Why are you doing this to me?

i za'o co'e — It's going on for too long.

i ei do troci le ka co'e bu'u le drata — You should try it somewhere else.

co'i [preposition of aspect] — aspect treating the whole event without internal structure (perfective aspect), co'i nai — aspect treating the whole event as having internal structure (imperfective aspect)

i mi pu co'i nai citka pa mango ca le nu ra co'i klama le nenri — I was eating a mango when she entered.

i mi co'i cirko — I've lost it.

co'o [vocative] — Goodbye! Bye!

i co'o le tumla pe mi — Goodbye, my land!

i co'o ro do — Goodbye to all of you!

co'oi [vocative] — Ciao! (hello! or goodbye! depending on context)

i co'oi le pendo be mi — Ciao, my friend!

Related words: a'oi, coi, co'o, rinsa

co'u [preposition of aspect] — quitting, stopping even if before the expected end (cessative aspect)

coi [vocative] — Hello! Hi!

i coi le mi'u munje — Hello, world!

i coi ro do — Hello, everyone!

cokcu — x_1(entity) soaks up x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) into x_4(entity)

lo cokcu — absorber. lo se cokcu — absorbed.

i le mi'u verba cu cokcu le ladru le tatru le moklu — Children suck up milk from breast into the mouth.

Related words: panje, sakci, lacpu

condi — x_1(entity) is deep in property x_{2(property of x3)} away from reference point x_3(entity) ...

lo condi — deep.

i ti noi xamsi cu condi le ka sraji vau le sefta be vo'a — This sea is deep in separating its bottom from its surface.

i e'o do bevri pa condi kabri — Please, bring a deep glass.

Related words: clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, jmagutci, minli

cortu — x_1(entity) feels pain at x_2(entity)

lo cortu — who feels pain, person in pain. lo se cortu — location of pain.

i mi cortu le xance — My hand hurts.

i mi cortu le galxe be mi — I have a sore throat.

Comment: often the second place of x₂ is the same as x₁.

Related words: cinmo, xrani

cpacu — x_1(entity) acquires or gets x_{2(entity, property of x1)} from x_3(entity)

lo se cpacu — acquired.

i mi ba cpacu le grute mi — I'll get fruits for myself.

i mi ne le xance pu te cpacu fi la kevin fe le dakfu — I handed Kevin a knife.

Related words: punji, lebna, vimcu

cpana — x_1(entity) is on top of x_2(entity) ...

lo cpana — what is on top. lo se cpana — what is below.

i su'o bisli cu se cpana le cmana — There is ice on top of the mountain.

Comment: to lay upon is punji.

Related words: se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji, sarji, zbepi

cpare — x_1(entity) climbs on x_2(entity) ; x₁ wades through x₂ ...

i ra pu mo'u cpare le mi'u cmana — She has climbed on the mountain.

Related words: klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe

cpedu — x_1(entity) requests or asks for x_{2(clause, property of x3)} from x_3(entity) ...

lo se cpedu — something requested.

i le mi'u nanmu pu cpedu le ka jai gau kalri fai le mi'u vorme vau mi ta'i le ka jai gau muvdu fai le xance — The man asked me to open the door by moving his hand.

Comment: a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor).

Related words: cusku, pikci, retsku, se spuda, danfu

cpina — x_1(entity) is pungent or irritating to observer x_2(entity)

lo cpina — pungent, irritating.

i le mi'u sanso cu cpina — The sauce is hot.

i le mi'u panci cu cpina — The smell is irritating.

Related words: vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne

cradi — x_1(entity) broadcasts or transmits x_2(entity) via station or frequency x_3(entity) to receiver x_4(entity)

lo cradi — broadcaster. lo se cradi — broadcasted. lo te cradi — broadcasting station. lo ve cradi — broadcast receiver.

i ti cradi le vajni notci le tordu boxna le se bevri — This is a radio transmitter sending important messages on short waves to portable receivers.

Related words: tivni, benji, tcana

crane — x_1(entity) is in front of x_2(entity) facing x_3(entity)

lo crane — something in front.

i pa tricu cu crane la alis la kevin — A tree is before (in front of) Alice from Kevin's position.

i pa tricu cu crane mi — A tree is in front of me.

i pa ctino cu pagre bu'u le crane be le mi'u lunra — A shadow passed before the moon.

Related words: sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle

creka — x_1(entity) is a shirt ...

lo creka — shirt.

i do poi dasni le creka cu simlu le ka stati — You look smart in the shirt.

Related words: taxfu

crepu — x_1(entity) harvests, plucks x_{2(property of x3)} from x_3(entity)

lo crepu — harvester. lo se crepu — harvested crop. lo te crepu — crop field.

i ra crepu le vanjba le mi'u purdi — She is harvesting grapes from the garden.

Related words: lebna, vimcu, katna, critu, sombo, jmaji

cribe — x_1(entity) is a bear of species x_2(taxon)

lo cribe — bear (animal).

i le cribe cu se zdani le vi boske — Bears live in this forest.

Related words: danlu, mabru

crida — x_1(entity) is a fairy, elf, or other mythical humanoid ...

lo crida — fairy, elf.

i fi mi pu lisri pa da le za'u crida — I told a story about fairies.

Related words: ranmi, lijda

crino — x_1(entity) is green

lo crino — green.

i ca le crisa le pezli poi crino co'a xunre — In the fall leaves that are green, turn red.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna

cripu — x_1(entity) is a bridge across x_2(entity) between points x_{3(entity group)} ...

lo cripu — bridge.

i mi'a muvdu fo le cripu be pa rirxe bei pa tcadu jo'u le nurma — We are moving over the bridge across a river that connects a city and the rural zone.

Related words: bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe

crisa — x_1(entity) is summer of year x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo crisa — summer.

i ca crisa le re no no mu moi be le nanca ti — Now it's summer of year 2005 at my place.

Related words: citsi, critu, dunra, vensa

critu — x_1(entity) is autumn of year x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo critu — autumn.

i xu ca critu le re no no mu moi be le nanca do — Is it now autumn of year 2005 at your place?

Related words: citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu

ctaru — x_1(entity) is a tide in x_2(entity) ...

lo ctaru — tide.

i le ctaru be le xamsi cu barda — The tide in the sea is high.

Related words: xamsi

ctebi — x_1(entity) is a lip of orifice x_2(entity) ...

lo ctebi — lip. lo se ctebi — orifice with a lip.

i le se dekpu be le ctebi be le mi'u vlagi cu banzu le nu le panzi cu pagre — The size of the hole of the vagina is enough for the child to pass.

Related words: moklu, korbi, cinba

cteki — x_{1(property of x3)} is a tax on x_{2(property of x3)} levied against x_3(entity) by authority or collector x_4(entity)

lo cteki — tax. lo se cteki — taxable property. lo te cteki — taxpayer. lo ve cteki — collector of a tax.

i le prenu pu na nelci le noi cnino vau cteki be le ka ralte le bakni bei ro le xabju bei lei turni — People didn't like the new tax on keeping cows levied against everyone by the government.

i le rupnu be li re mu cu cteki le ka ralte le bakni — 25 dollars is the tax for keeping cows.

Related words: pleji, flalu, turni

ctile — x_1(entity) is some petroleum ...

lo ctile — petroleum.

i ti minji le nu cokcu le ctile — This is a machine for pumping out oil.

Related words: grasu

ctino — x_1(entity) is a shadow of x_2(entity) made by light source x_3(entity)

lo ctino — shadow.

i mi pu terpa tu'a le ctino be le tricu bei le mi'u lunra — I was afraid of shadows of trees in moonlight.

Related words: manku, gusni

ctuca — x_1(entity) teaches to x_2(entity) ideas or method x_{3(property of x2)} ...

lo ctuca — teacher. lo se ctuca — taught audience. lo te ctuca — subject taught.

i le mi'u prenu pu ctuca mi'a le traji tasmi be le nu tavla fo la lojban — The person taught us the best style of speaking Lojban.

i le mi'u mamta cu ctuca le mi'u verba le mi'u du'u le nu cladu tavla na se clite — The mother taught the child that talking loud isn't polite.

i le mi'u laldo pu ctuca mi le tadji be le nu na ganse le ka cortu — The old one taught me the method of not feeling the pain.

Related words: ckule, cilre, tadni

cu — shows that the main verb of the clause is coming next; in other words, shows the beginning of the clause tail

i lei mi'u rirni cu zvati ti ca — The parents are here now.

Comment: cu can be omitted if the previous word is a pronoun of the same clause, can also be replaced with prepositions.

cu'e [preposition] — asks for an appropriate preposition or a combination of them

i lu do cu'e vitke la nipon li'u lu pu'o li'u — "Have you been to Japan?" "I'm about to."

i lu le mi'u penbi cu'e zvati li'u lu pu vu li'u — "Where is the pen?" "It was over there."

cu'i [right scalar particle] — shows middle meaning of interjection or interjection modifier

i au cu'i le bruna mo'u klama — The brother arrived, meh.

Comment: au cu'i means indifference (middle attitude between desire and reluctance). Definitions of interjections and interjection modifiers contain meanings of them with nai too.

cu'o [verb] — turn number into verb denoting probability

i le mi'u nu casnu cu su'o cu'o le nu le mi'u jatna cu klama — The discussion is possible if the boss comes.

i le nu mi ricfu cu ro cu'o le nu mi ponse le megdo be le rupnu — Had I a million dollars I'd be rich.

Comment: x_1(entity) has probability (n) of occurring under conditions x_2(entity). The number (n) is put in front of cu'o.

cu'u [preposition from cusku] — as said by ...

i cu'u la gleki la lojban cu vlipa bangu — As said by La Gleki, Lojban is a powerful language.

Comment: used for quotations.

cukla — x_1(entity) is round

lo cukla — round.

i le mi'u lunra noi pelxu gi'e cukla gi'e carmi cu zvati le tsani — The Moon, yellow, round and bright, is in the sky.

Related words: djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi

cukta — x_1(entity) is a book with work x_2(entity) ...

lo cukta — book. lo se cukta — work in a book.

i mi tcidu fi pa cukta be le cinri — I read a book with an interesting content (an interesting book).

Related words: cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri

culno — x_1(entity) is full of x_2(entity)

lo culno — full.

i le mi'u lanka cu culno le pelji — The basket is full of paper.

Related words: tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna

cumki — x_{1(event, state, property of nonce place)} is possible ...

lo cumki — possible.

i cumki fa le nu la alis ba jai lerci — It's possible that Alice will be late.

Related words: lakne

cumla — x_1(entity) is modest or humble about x_{2(property of x1)}

lo cumla — modest.

i mi'ai pu cumla le ka kanpe ma kau — We were modest in our expectations.

Related words: cinmo, jgira

cunmi — x_1(entity) is some millet or grain of species x_2(taxon)

lo cunmi — millet.

i le jipci cu citka le cunmi — Hens eat millet.

Related words: gurni

cunso — x_1(clause) is random, unpredictable ...

lo cunso — random.

i le cabna be le nu ra mo'u klama cu pu cunso — When would he come was unpredictable.

Related words: cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti

cuntu — x_1(clause) is an affair or organized activity involving persons x_2(entity)

lo cuntu — affair, business (activity).

i ra pu se cuntu le zekri — He was involved in a crime.

Related words: jikca, srana

cupra — x_1(entity) produces product x_2(entity) by process x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cupra — producer, origin, source. lo se cupra — product. lo te cupra — process of production.

i le karce cu cupra le nejni le ka jai gau jelca le livla — Car produces energy by burning fuel.

i le tricu cu se cupra le grute — Trees come from fruits.

Related words: zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa, genja, jicmu

curmi — x_1(entity) lets x_2(clause) happen; x₁ makes x₂ possible ...

i le saske cu curmi le nu jimpe le munje — Science allows understanding the world.

i le mi'u canko cu curmi le nu le vifne vacri cu pagre — The window permits the passage of the fresh air.

Related words: e'ande, rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre

curnu — x_1(entity) is a worm of species x_2(taxon)

lo curnu — worm.

i le mi'u cipni mo'u kavbu le curnu — The bird caught a worm.

Related words: since, silka

curve — x_1(entity) is pure in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo curve — pure.

i ti noi djine cu curve le ka solji — This ring is of pure gold.

Related words: prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi

cusku — x_1(entity) says x_2(text) for audience x_3(entity) ...

lo cusku — who says. lo se cusku — what is said. lo te cusku — audience.

i ba bo mi pu cusku fi le mi'u ninmu fe lu do mutce xendo li'u — And then I said to the woman "You are very kind."

i do pu cusku le se du'u do ba katna le nanba — You said that you would cut the bread.

Comment: skicu is to tell, cusku is to say, tavla is to talk, benji su'o notci is to notify. The second place of skicu is filled with a topic like skicu su'o dansu (tell about dancers), the second place of cusku is filled with a text like cusku zo dansu (to say "dance"")

Related words: retsku, spusku, spuda, cu'u, bacru, tavla, casnu, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka

cutci — x_1(entity) is a shoe for covering x_2(entity) ...

lo cutci — shoe.

i ti noi prenu cu zbasu le cutci be le sufti — This person makes horseshoes.

Related words: smoka, taxfu, skiji

cutne — x_1(entity) is the chest of body x_2(entity)

lo cutne — chest.

i le mi'u nanla pu ca'o jgari le gerku re'o le cutne — The boy was holding the dog near the chest.

Related words: cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe

cuxna — x_1(entity) chooses, decides on x_2(entity) from complete set x_{3(entity group, full set)}

lo se cuxna — what is chosen. lo te cuxna — set of choices, menu of choices.

i mi nu'o mo'u cuxna le ka zukte ma kau — I haven't yet decided what to do.

i nandu fa le ka cuxna — It's hard to choose.

i mi pu cuxna la alis le nixli — I chose Alice from the girls.

i la alis pu cuxna le blanu le taxfu — Alice chose the blue dress out of all.

i mi pensi cuxna le nu mi citka ma kau — I'm thinking about what to eat.

Comment: pajni is for judging matters, jdice is for actual decisions, cuxna is for deciding (choosing) on something out of options.

Related words: jdice, pajni, nelci

cy [pronoun] — c (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like cy is for the last lo carvi used.

da [pronoun] — there exists something or someone: 1st pronoun of da, de, di series

i mi se bruna da — I have a brother.

i mi nelci ro da — I like everything.

da'a [digit/number] — all except ..., all but ... (number follows; by default 1)

i da'a re prenu pu zvati va — All but two people were present there.

da'i [interjection] — supposing, da'i nai — in fact

i da'i mi ricfu — I could be rich.

i da'i nai mi se zdani le daplu — I do live on an island.

Related words: se xanri, sruma

dacru — x_1(entity) is a drawer in x_2(entity) ...

lo dacru — drawer.

i pa junla ca cpana le se dacru be le barda — A clock stands on a chest of big drawers.

Related words: nilce, tanxe

dacti — x_1(entity) is a thing, a material object enduring in space-time

lo dacti — material object.

i tu noi dacti cu mo — What is that object over there?

Related words: marji, xanri

dadjo — x_1(entity) is Taoist in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo dadjo — Taoist.

i le mi'u tcaci cu dadjo — The tradition is Taoist.

Related words: lijda, jegvo

dai [interjection modifier] — marks empathetic use of interjection, shows another's feelings

i oi ro'o dai tuple doi le mi'u cifnu — I know it hurts, baby!

i do jinga ui dai — You won, yay you!

i ui nai dai le gerku pe do co'a morsi — You must be sad, your dog died.

Related words: kansa

dakfu — x_1(entity) is a knife for cutting x_2(entity) ...

lo dakfu — knife.

i ti dakfu le nanba — This is a knife for cutting bread.

Related words: denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli

dakli — x_1(entity) is a bag or sack containing x_2(entity) ...

lo dakli — bag. lo se dakli — contents of a bag.

i mi ba bevri pa dakli be le tamca le nenri — I will take a bag of tomatoes inside.

Comment: pouch is lo daski.

Related words: daski, bakfu

damba — x_1(entity) fights or struggles with x_2(entity) over issue x_3(clause)

lo damba — fighter.

i mi pu damba le mensi be mi le mi'u du'u ma kau klama ka'ai lei rirni — I fought with my sister of who would go with parents.

Comment: war (lo nu jamna) usually consists of battles (lo nu damba).

Related words: bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci

damri — x_1(entity) is a drum, gong or other percussion instrument with beater x_2(entity)

lo damri — drum. lo se damri — beater of a drum.

i le mi'u nakni pu zgipli pa damri be le xance — He was playing a hand struck drum.

Related words: rilti, zgike

damva'u — x_1(entity) smokes, inhales smoke x_2(entity)

lo damva'u — smoker.

i le mi'u prenu cu damva'u le se panci be le mabla — The person smokes something that has a shitty smell.

Related words: danmo, vasxu

dandu — x_1(entity) is suspended, hangs from x_2(entity) at joint x_3(entity)

i le mi'u smani pu dandu le galtu jimca le rebla — The monkey was hanging its tail from a high branch.

Related words: lasna, jorne

danfu — x_1(entity) is the answer or solution to question or problem x_2(clause)

lo danfu — solution to a problem. lo se danfu — problem.

i le ka pilno le drata ckiku cu danfu le tadji be le ka jai gau karli fai le mi'u vorme — Using another key is the answer to the problem of opening the door.

Comment: spuda is for agentive response/reply.

Related words: ciksi, retsku, nabmi, spuda, cpedu

danlu — x_1(entity) is an animal of species x_2(taxon)

lo danlu — animal, creature.

i mi pu viska pa danlu bu'u le mi'u boske i le mi'u danlu cu jutsi ma — I saw an animal in the forest. What species does it belong to?

Related words: banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, ankabuta, respa, since, mabru, bakni

danmo — x_1(entity) is smoke from source x_2(entity)

lo danmo — smoke.

i le danmo be le noi ca'o jelca vau tricu co'a denmi — The smoke from the burning trees is becoming dense.

Related words: pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru

danre — x_1(entity) puts pressure on or applies force to x_2(entity)

lo danre — pressure.

i le brife cu danre le mi'u falnu — Wind puts pressure on the sail.

Related words: catke, bapli, prina, tinsa

dansu — x_1(entity) dances to accompaniment or rhythm x_2(entity)

lo dansu — dancer.

i e'u mi'o dansu le ca zgike — Let's dance to this music.

Related words: bende, zgike, zajba

danti — x_1(entity) is a bullet, missile, or other ballistic projectile for firing by x_2(entity)

lo danti — bullet. lo se danti — gun.

i pa danti be le cecla mo'u muvdu le dinju — A bullet from a gun reached the house.

Related words: cecla, renro, jakne

daplu — x_1(entity) is an island ...

lo daplu — island.

i fe'e ro roi le mi'u daplu le remna cu xabju — People live all over the island.

Related words: lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo

dapma — x_1(entity) wishes to x_2(entity) luck or fate x_3(event)

lo se dapma — condemned.

i mi pu dapma le mi'u fetsi le ka se funca le zabna — I wished her good luck.

i le cizra pu dapma le virnu le nu ri ba zi morsi — The monster cursed the brave person to die soon.

Comment: can describe any type of fate: good luck or bad luck (to condemn, to curse).

Related words: mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima, di'ai

dargu — x_1(entity) is a road or highway ...

lo dargu — road.

i da bisli vi'a le mi'u dargu — There is ice on the road.

Related words: flu'ente, naxle, pluta, klaji, tcana

darlu — x_1(entity) argues for stance x_{2(proposition)} against stance x_{3(proposition)}

lo se darlu — stance (in a discussion).

i lei enge pu darlu le nu le mi'u dargu cu se stuzi le berti vau le nu le mi'u dinju cu se zbasu fi le rokci — Engineers argued for the road to be located to the north and against the house to be built of rock.

Comment: opponent is not necessary.

Related words: fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla

darno — x_1(entity) is distant from x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo darno — distant.

i le mi'u muzga cu darno ti — The museum is far from here.

i le jungo bangu cu darno le glico bangu le ka va'o ce'u ma kau tarmi le nu bacru — Chinese language is far from English in the manner of pronunciation.

Related words: jibni

darsi — x_1(entity) shows audacity in behavior x_{2(property of x1)}

lo darsi — cheeky. lo se darsi — audacious behaviour.

i la edvard ca darsi le ka na cusku le jetnu la tom — Eduard dares not tell Tom the truth.

Related words: virnu

darxi — x_1(entity) hits or strikes x_2(entity) ...

lo darxi — who strikes. lo se darxi — struck, stricken.

i mi pu darxi le xedja be le mi'u nakni se pi'o le xance — I hit his jaw with hand.

i mi pu darxi la alis se pi'o le zunle jamfu be mi re'o le betfu — I kicked Alice with my left foot in the belly.

Related words: bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, janli, jgari, pencu

daski — x_1(entity) is a pocket or pouch in x_2(entity)

lo daski — pocket.

i mi pu punji le xance be mi le daski be le kosta pe mi — I put my hand into the pocket of my coat.

Related words: dakli, taxfu, bakfu

dasni — x_1(entity) wears x_2(entity) as garment of type x_{3(property of x1)}

lo dasni — who wears a garment. lo se dasni — garment worn.

i e'o do co'a dasni le cutci — Please put on your shoes.

i le mi'u nixli cu dasni le creka le skaci — The girl wears a shirt as a skirt.

Related words: taxfu

daspo — x_1(entity) destroys x_{2(entity, property of x1)}

lo daspo — destroyer. lo se daspo — destroyed.

i ra pu daspo le ka kanro — He ruined his health.

i le fagri pu daspo ci me le dinju — The fire destroyed three of the buildings.

Related words: spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu

dasri — x_1(entity) is a ribbon ...

lo dasri — ribbon, strip.

i le mi'u jai se dunda pu se bakfu fi pa dasri — The gift was tied with a ribbon.

Related words: djine

datka — x_1(entity) is a duck of species x_2(taxon)

lo datka — duck.

i so'o datka ru'i limna le mi'u lalxu — Several ducks are swimming in the lake.

Related words: cipni

datni — x_{1(property of x2)} is information about x_2(entity) gathered by method x_{3(property of x2)}

lo datni — information. lo te datni — method of getting information.

i le ka zukte le zekri cu datni le mi'u nanmu le ka zgana le se zukte be ce'u — Being a criminal are the data about the man collected by monitoring his actions.

i ai mi tavla do le datni be fi le cipra — I'm going to talk to you about experimental data.

Comment: synonym of info.

Related words: fatci, saske, vreji

dau [digit/number] — hex digit A (decimal 10), ten

i ei mi'o denpa ze'a le djedi be li dau — We should wait for 10 days.

dau'i [right scalar particle] — shows equal intensity of interjection or interjection modifier

i ju'o la alis ba mo'u klama — I'm sure Alice will arrive.

i ju'o dau'i ji'a la kevin ba vitke mi'a — And I'm equally sure that Kevin will visit us.

Comment: usually specifies an intensity of an interjection equal to the intensity of the same interjection earlier used.

Related words: dau'i, mau'i, me'ai, cu'i, sai, ru'e

de [pronoun] — there exists something or someone: 2nd pronoun of da, de, di series

i ro da poi ke'a sinma ke'a cu se sinma ro de poi ke'a sinma di — Everyone who respects oneself is respected by everyone who respects someone.

de'a [preposition of aspect] — pause (pausative aspect)

i le mi'u fetsi pu de'a vasxu — She ceased to breathe.

i mi de'a jundi — I won't be paying attention for a while.

Related words: di'a

de'e [pronoun] — text of a near future utterance

i de'e cinri jufra i au do tirna mi i le xunre cu srana le nu fengu — The utterance that comes is interesting. I'd like you to listen to me. Red is related to the state of being angry.

de'i [preposition from detri] — on date/time ... (date stamp follows)

i de'i li ly ci dy pa mu mi pu zvati la nipon — On March 15 I was in Japan.

i de'i li cy pa ci mi'a cliva — We leave at 1 pm.

i mi'a cliva de'i li cy so my ci no — We leave at 9:30

Comment: ny is put before years, ly is put before months, dy is put before days, cy is put before hours, my is put before minutes, sy is put before seconds.

de'u [pronoun] — text of a recent utterance

i sei suksa co'a gusni bu'u le darno i ba bo le mi'u gusni cu canci i ro le mi'u re mei pu troci le ka ganse le mi'u gusni vau za'u re'u i ku'i le mi'u re mei na pu djuno le mi'u du'u xu kau la'e de'e cu du le sinxa poi le mi'u re mei ze'u kanpe tu'a ke'a — Suddenly a light appeared far away and then the light disappeared. They both tried to observe it once again. But they didn't know whether that was the sign they had been expecting for so long.

decti — x_1(entity) is a tenth of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo decti — 1/10.

i le mi'u bitmu cu decti be le mitre le ka rotsu — The fence is 10 centimeters thick.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

degji — x_1(entity) is a finger, toe, or digit on limb x_2(entity) ...

lo degji — finger, toe, digit (of body). lo se degji — limb with fingers or toes.

i le degji be le pritu xance be mi cu cortu — The fingers of my right hand hurt.

Related words: nazbi, tamji, tance, xance

degygutci — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) inches in length/height/... in standard x_3(entity) ...

i le jesni cu degygutci li pa pi re le'e glico — The needle is 1.2 English inches in size.

Related words: minli, clani, ganra, rotsu, condi, mitre, dekpu, merli, bunda, kramu

dei [pronoun] — text of this utterance

i le mi'u nu casnu pe dei ca zenba le ka cinri — This discussion is getting more interesting.

dejni — x_1(entity) owes debt x_{2(entity, property of x1)} to creditor x_3(entity) in return for service x_{4(entity, property of x1)}

lo dejni — debtor. lo se dejni — debt. lo te dejni — creditor of debt.

i mi dejni le ka sidju vau do le ka se sidju do — I am obliged to help you in return for your help.

i mi dejni fi le patfu be mi fo le ka snada — I owe my success to my father.

Related words: jbera, janta, zivle

dekpu — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) volume units in standard x_{3(property of x1)} ...

i ti noi botpi cu dekpu li pa le ka litce — This bottle is one liter in volume.

Related words: canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, jmagutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu

dekto — x_1(entity) is ten of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo dekto — 10.

i le mi'u dinju cu dekto be le mitre le ka clani — The house is 10 meters high.

i mi ponse le dekto be le mlatu — I own 10 cats.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units, le dekto be le mlatu is the 10 cats.

Related words: centi

delfinu — x_1(entity) is a dolphin of species/breed x_2(taxon)

lo delfinu — dolphin.

i le'e delfinu cu stati — Dolphins are generally smart.

Comment: see mabru, xamsi, flu'ente.

Related words: mabru, xamsi, rirxe

delno — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) candela in luminosity ...

i ti noi bombila cu delno li ji'i pa re no — This light bulb has a luminous intensity of around 120 candela.

Related words: centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, centi

dembi — x_1(entity) is a legume, bean, or pea from plant x_2(entity)

lo dembi — legume seed. lo se dembi — plant with legumes.

i mi ca ca'o citka le stasu be le dembi — I am eating a bean stew.

Related words: grute, sobde, tsiju

denci — x_1(entity) is a tooth of x_2(entity)

lo denci — tooth.

i le denci be mi cu cortu — I have a toothache.

Related words: dakfu, pagre, jgalu, moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu

denmi — x_1(entity) is dense in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo denmi — dense.

i le karce flu'ente cu denmi le ka se pagbu le xo kau karce bu'u le klaji — The car traffic is intense in the streets.

Related words: carmi, midju, viknu

denpa — x_1(entity) waits or pauses for x_2(event) at state x_{3(state of x1)} before doing x_{4(action of x1, process of x1)}

i ko ze'i denpa — Wait a bit. Just a moment!

i xu do pu denpa — Did you wait?

i mi denpa le nu le patfu cu volta vau le ka kelci vau le ka cliva — I am waiting for my father to arrive playing before leaving.

Related words: dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, basna

dertu — x_1(entity) is some soil or dirt ...

lo dertu — soil, dirt, ground (soil), earth (soil).

i pu ze'a ku le mi'u karce cu muvdu bu'u le dertu — For a while, the car moved on the soil.

Related words: kliti, terdi, loldi

derxi — x_1(entity) is a heap or stack of x_2(entity) ...

lo derxi — heap.

i mi pu cupra pa derxi be le mudri — I chopped a pile of wood.

Related words: gunma, cmana

desku — x_1(entity) is shakes or vibrates from force x_2(clause)

lo desku — something vibrating.

i ra pu desku le ka terpa — She was shaking with fear.

Related words: slilu, janbe

detri — x_1(number) is the date of x_{2(event, state)} at location x_3(entity) in calendar x_4(entity)

lo detri — datestamp.

i li ly pa dy pa ze ny re no pa xa detri le nu mi co'a tadni la lojban vau la nipon. la gregoris. — January 17, 2016 (Japanese timezone, Gregorian calendar) is the date when I started studying Lojban.

Comment: in x₁ ny is put before years, ly is put before months, dy is put before days, cy is put before hours, my is put before minutes, sy is put before seconds.

Related words: de'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika, judri

di [pronoun] — there exists something or someone: 3rd pronoun of da, de, di series

i ku'i la'a nai su'o da cizra ro de ro di — But it is unlikely that something is strange to everyone in every way.

di'a [preposition of aspect] — resuming (resumptive aspect)

i mi na ba di'a zgipli le pipno — I won't play the piano again.

i mi di'a jundi — I'm listening again.

Related words: de'a

di'ai [vocative] — expression of well-wish, di'ai nai — expression of curse

i di'ai do — Good luck to you.

i mi pacna le nu do ba jinga di'ai do — I hope you will win, good luck to you.

i ko na raktu mi di'ai nai do — Don't disturb me, damn you!

Comment: used to express well-wishes/curses.

Related words: dimna, dapma, ki'e, doi, fu'au

di'anzi — x_1(entity) is an electronic device

lo di'anzi — electronic.

i gau do e'i to'e akti fa le di'anzi pe do — Turn off your electronic devices.

Related words: letri

di'e [pronoun] — text of the next utterance

i di'e na drani i la djon cu cmene mi i lu zo djon cmene mi li'u drani ku'i — The following sentence isn't correct. Someone called John is my name. "John is my name" is correct, though.

di'i [preposition of aspect] — regularly (iterative aspect), di'i nai — irregularly

i mi di'i cadzu bu'u le mi'u panka — I regularly walk in the park.

i pa cukta di'i te tcidu mi — I read the same book again and again.

i mi di'i nai citka le kokso — I eat coconuts here and there.

di'u [pronoun] — text of the last utterance

i ma zabna traji tadji le nu tadni la lojban i di'u zabna se retsku — What is the best method of learning Lojban? That is a good question.

i la alis ze'a le djedi be li za'u re na zvati i la'e di'u cizra — Alice isn't present for more than two days. That is strange.

dicra — x_1(entity) interrupts or disrupts x_2(entity) due to quality x_{3(property of x1)}

i le sance pu dicra le nu mi sipna vau le ka cladu — The sound woke me up since it was loud.

Related words: zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa

diklo — x_1(entity) is confined to location x_2(entity) within range x_3(entity)

lo diklo — local.

i le ca carvi cu diklo le stuna le bu'u tcadu — Within the borders of this city, the rain is in the south.

Related words: bu'u, zvati, jibni, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila

dikni — x_1(entity) is regular or periodic in x_{2(property of x1)} with interval x_3(entity)

lo dikni — regular.

i mi dikni le ka lumci le kumfa pe mi vau le jeftu — I am regular in cleaning my room every week.

Related words: slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna

dilcu — x_1(number) is a quotient of x_2(number) divided by x_3(number), leaving remainder x_4(number)

lo dilcu — quotient. lo se dilcu — dividend of a quotient. lo te dilcu — divisor of a quotient. lo ve dilcu — remainder of a quotient.

i li re dilcu li pa ci li mu li ci — 2 is the quotient of 13 divided by 5 with the remainder 3.

Related words: frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso

dilnu — x_1(entity) is a cloud of material x_2(entity) ...

lo dilnu — cloud.

i le mi'u cmana cu cupra le dilnu be le danmo — The mountain produces clouds of smoke.

Related words: carvi, tcima

dimna — x_{1(property of x2)} is a fate or destiny of x_2(entity)

lo dimna — destiny.

i le ka xabju ti cu dimna mi — To live here is my fate.

Related words: dapma

dinju — x_1(entity) is a house, building for purpose x_{2(property of x1)}

lo dinju — house, building.

i ti dinju le nu lumci — This is a bathhouse.

Related words: ginka, zdani, zarci

dinko — x_1(entity) is a nail or tack for purpose x_2(entity) ...

lo dinko — nail (tack).

i mi pu lasna le mi'u pixra le mi'u bitmu pa dinko se pi'o pa mruli — I nailed the picture to the wall using a hammer.

i ti dinko le ka lasna le cutci le xirma ce'u — This is a nail for fastening horseshoes.

Related words: pijne, lasna

dirba — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is dear, precious to x_2(entity)

lo dirba — precious, dear (of great value).

i do pu zvati ma doi le dirba — Where have you been, dear?

i le nu jmive cu dirba ro da — Life is dear to everybody.

Related words: tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna

dirce — x_1(entity) radiates, emits x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo dirce — emitter. lo se dirce — radiation.

i le mi'u jinto cu dirce le djacu — The spring of fluid emits water.

Related words: gusni

dirgo — x_1(entity) is a drop of x_2(entity) ...

lo dirgo — drop.

i sa'u ti dirgo le djacu — It's just a drop of water.

Related words: daplu, bidju

ditcu — x_1(clause) is the time-duration/period of x_2(clause)

lo ditcu — period.

i ma ditcu le nu do limna le mi'u rirxe — How long have you been swimming in the river?

Related words: cedra, ranji, tcika, renvi, temci, canlu, kuspe

dizlo — x_1(entity) is low compared to x_{2(entity) (entity)} ; x₁ is a lower part of x₂ ...

lo dizlo — low, bottom.

i le mi'u gerku cu dizlo le mi'u mlatu poi cpare le mi'u tricu — The dog stands low compared to the cat climbing the tree.

i mi mo'u farlu le dizlo be le mi'u bitmu — I fell down to the foot of the fence.

Related words: cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi

djacu — x_1(entity) is some water

lo djacu — water.

i le mi'u nakni pu pinxe le djacu pa kabri — He drank some water from a cup.

Related words: lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto

djedi — x_1(clause) happens during x_2(number) full days ...

lo djedi — day (full day). lo se djedi — number of full days.

i mi volta ba zi le djedi be li pa no — I will return in 10 days.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one full day in duration

Related words: donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika

djica — x_1(entity) desires or wants x_{2(event, state)} for purpose x_3(clause)

lo se djica — something desired.

i mi djica le nu mi cusku le xajmi vau le nu do cisma — I want to tell something funny to make you smile.

i mi djica tu'a le plise — I want apples.

i mi djica le nu do smadi — I want you to guess.

Related words: taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura

djine — x_1(entity) is a ring ...

lo djine — ring.

i ti solji djine — This is a golden ring.

Related words: cukla

djuno — x_1(entity) knows fact x_{2(proposition)} about x_3(entity) on grounds x_{4(proposition)}

lo se djuno — known fact. lo ve djuno — grounds of knowledge.

i mi djuno le mi'u du'u mi zasti vau fo le mi'u du'u mi pensi — I know that I exist since I think.

i mi djuno so'i da la lojban — I know a lot about Lojban.

i mi djuno mo'a da le cmaci — I know too little about math.

Comment: to be familiar with is se slabu, na'e se cnino, na'e se fange.

Related words: krici, jinvi, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska

do [pronoun] — you (the listener)

i xu do djica le nu mi sidju do — Do you want me to help you?

do'a [interjection] — generously, broadly construed, do'a nai — at least (parsimoniously)

i do'a mi do ka'e ctuca le se jmina — I could teach you some additional things.

i do'a nai do no da zekri lebna — At least you didn't steal anything.

i a'o mi te dunda le pa kargu karce a ke do'a nai le pa karce poi na spofu — Hopefully, I'll be given an expensive car or at least one that isn't broken.

Related words: sa'e nai

do'e [preposition from co'e] — preposition with the meaning unspecified or known from context

i ti karda do'e le valsi — It's a card with a word.

Comment: used in speech when it's hard to find an appropriate preposition on the fly.

do'i [pronoun] — tex of an utterance unspecified or known from context

i do'i me le jufra pe pa se cukta poi mi pu tcidu — That sentence is from a book that I had read.

do'o [pronoun] — you and others (the listener + other persons not in the dialog)

i lu mi'a pu casnu le nu litru li'u lu do'o pu cuxna ma li'u — "We discussed travelling." "What did you choose?"

do'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: be'e, co'o, co'oi, coi, di'ai, fe'o, fi'i, je'e, ju'i, ke'o, ki'e, mi'e, mu'o, nu'e, a'oi, re'i, ta'a, vi'o, ki'ai, cu, cu'e, do'u, doi

doi [vocative] — general vocative, identifies intended listener.

i doi le nobli do co'u morji fi le ckiku pe do — Oh, sir! You forgot your keys.

donri — x_1(entity) happens during daytime of day x_2(clause) at location x_3(entity)

lo donri — day (daylight time), daytime.

i ra stali le zdani ca le donri be le prulamdei bei vo'e — He stayed at home in the daytime.

Related words: nicte, djedi, tcika

draci — x_1(entity) is a drama or play about x_2(entity) ...

lo draci — play (drama). lo se draci — plot of a drama.

i pa pendo be mi cu finti pa draci be le nabmi pe le te seksi — My friend is the author of a drama about the problem of sexes.

Related words: finti, cukta, lisri, cfika

drani — x_1(entity) is correct in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo drani — correct.

i do drani le ka pilno ma kau noi valsi — You are correct in what words you use.

Related words: srera, mapti

drata — x_1(entity) is not the same as x_2(entity) ...

lo drata — different, another, other.

i le drata be mi ka'e sidju — Someone else but me can help.

Related words: mintu, frica, dunli

drudi — x_1(entity) is a roof or lid of structure x_2(entity)

lo drudi — lid. lo se drudi — something with a lid.

i le drudi be le mi'u dinju cu ei se cikre — The roof of the building needs fixing.

Comment: lo drudi is designed to be over, above lo se drudi and shelters it from other things above lo drudi.

Related words: bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku

du — x_1(entity), x_2(entity), x₃ are the same thing

lo du — identically equal.

i li pa su'i pa du li re li pa no fe'i mu — 1 + 1 = 2 = 10 / 5.

i xu do du le prenu poi mitysisku mi ca le prulamdei — Are you the same person who searched for me yesterday?

Comment: corresponds to the operator = in math, can have any number of places.

Related words: bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku

du'e [digit/number] — too many

i le mi'u vacri ca se la'u li du'e glare — It's too hot.

i du'e prenu cu zvati le mi'u klaji — There are too many people in the street.

Comment: subjective estimate.

du'i [preposition from dunli] — as much as ..., adverb: equally

i mi'a du'i casnu le mintu — We equally discussed the same.

i xu do pe du'i mi zukcfu — Are you as busy as I am?

Comment: noun after du'i is compared with x₁ of the clause, the clause itself describes the comparison.

du'u [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

i mi djuno le mi'u du'u do na fuzme — I know that you are not responsible.

Comment: x_{1 (entity)} is the clause (that follows) expressed in sentence x_2(text).

dugri — x_1(number) is the logarithm of x_2(number) to base x_3(number)

lo dugri — logarithm. lo te dugri — base of a logarithm.

i li ci dugri li pa no no no li pa no — 3 is the logarithm of 1000 to base 10.

Related words: tenfa

dukti — x_1(entity) is opposite or contrary to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)}

lo dukti — opposite.

i la alis la kevin pu dukti le ka catlu ma kau — Alice and Kevin looked in the opposite directions.

Related words: ranxi, ragve

dunda — x_1(entity) gives or donates x_2(entity) to x_3(entity)

lo dunda — giver. lo se dunda — gift, present. lo te dunda — receiver of a gift.

i mi pu dunda tu'a pa plise do — I gave you an apple.

Comment: lo se dunda doesn't need to be only special present.

Related words: benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali

dunja — x_1(entity) freezes ...

i ra na ru'e dunja — He almost froze.

Related words: febvi, lunsa, litki, sligu

dunku — x_1(entity) is distressed or anguished by x_2(clause)

lo dunku — distressed. lo se dunku — distressing event.

i mi pu dunku le ka kansa no da — I was distressed at being alone.

i xu do dunku le nu le mensi be do cu bilma — Are you distressed at your sister being ill?

Related words: fengu, surla

dunli — x_1(entity) is equal to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)} ...

lo dunli — equal.

i mi dunli le mensi be mi le ka clani i ku'i mi na mintu le mi'u mensi — I am as long as my sister is. But I'm not her.

i mi dunli do le ka jinvi ma kau le se zukte be le mi'u prenu — I am in concord with you in what we think about his actions.

Related words: du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu

dunra — x_1(entity) is winter of year x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo dunra — winter.

i ca le dunra be le re no no mu moi bei la australiias mi pu zvati ti — During Australian winter of year 2005 I was here.

Related words: citsi, crisa, critu, vensa

dy [pronoun] — d (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like dy is for the last lo drudi used.

dzena — x_1(entity) is an elder or ancestor of x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo dzena — ancestor. lo se dzena — descendant.

i do dzena mi le ka ce'u ce'u lidne le ka jbena ca ma kau — You are my ancestor since you were born before me.

Related words: patfu, rirni, tamne

dzipo — x_1(entity) is Antarctican in x_{2(property of x1)}

i au mi vitke le dzipo tumla — I want to visit the Antarctica.

Related words: ketco, friko, sralo, terdi

e [conjunction for nouns] — and

i mi e do pu casnu le za'u bangu — I discussed languages, and you discussed languages (maybe not with each other, maybe in different discussions).

Related words: ce, je, a, e, ji, o, u

e bu [pronoun] — e (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like e bu is for the last la edvard used.

e'a [interjection] — help yourself, you may, I allow, e'a nai — prohibiting

i e'a do klama le nenri — You may come in.

i e'a nai fagri — No fire allowed!

i e'a nai crepu le xrula — You may not pick the flowers.

Related words: e'ande

e'ande — x_1(entity) allows, permits x_2(entity) to do x_{3(property of x2)}

lo e'ande — who allows. lo se e'ande — who has permission. lo te e'ande — what is allowed.

i e'o do e'ande mi le ka tcidu le mi'u cukta ba le nu do mo'u tcidu ri — Please, allow me to read the book after you finish reading it.

i le mi'u rirni pu e'ande le mi'u verba le ka kelci bu'u le mi'u panka — The parent let the child play in the park.

Related words: curmi, rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre

e'e [interjection] — Come on! (encouragement, instigation, provokation), e'e nai — discouragement, demoralization

i e'e klama le zdani — Let's go home.

i do e'e co'u denpa — C'mon, what are you waiting for?

i e'e do jarco le ka vlipa — Show your strength, go for it!

i e'e mi kuspe do — I'll reach you.

i e'e nai mi claxu le se ditcu — Sorry, I lack time.

Related words: kakne, certu

e'i [interjection] — command, instruction, imposing obligation (imperative interjection)

i e'i mi cliva — I have to leave.

i do sanga e'i — Sing!

i e'i do carmi gunka — You ought to work hard.

Related words: bapli, rinju

e'o [interjection] — please (request), e'o nai — offer, grant

i e'o mi zgana — Let me see.

i e'o do dunda le mi'u jisra mi — Will you pass the juice, please?

i e'o nai ko lebna le titla — Here, take some candies.

Related words: cpedu, pikci

e'u [interjection] — Let's (suggestion), e'u nai — warning, disadvise

i e'u mi'o troci — Let's try.

i e'u klama — Let's go.

i e'u nai do stapa le cripu — You'd better not step onto the bridge.

i e'u do dasni le kosta — You ought to wear a coat.

Related words: stidi, kajde

ei [interjection] — I should ..., one should ..., as I feel it it should be so that ... (obligation), ei nai — freedom, how things might need not be

i ei do ca sipna — You should be sleeping now.

i ei do djuno — You ought to know.

i ei nai do mipri le nei — You needn't hide yourself.

i ro da cu se senpi ei — Everything should be doubted.

Related words: bilga, zifre

enge — x_1(entity) is an architect/designer/engineer of x_2(entity)

lo enge — designer.

i le patfu be mi pu enge ti noi dinju — My father was an architect of this building.

Related words: zbasu, platu

entuzi — x_1(entity) is enthusiastic, excited about x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo entuzi — enthusiastic.

i la kevin cu mutce le ka entuzi le ka co'a se jibri le cnino — Kevin is very enthusiastic about getting a new job.

Comment: carmi akti is for the meaning excited (in high energy state).

Related words: xanka, carmi, akti

fa [case tag] — prefix for the 1st place of the current clause

i fe zo coi cusku fa mi — Hello, said I.

i fe ma fa mi zukte ei — What should I do?

i sarcu fa le nu do zvati — It's required that you are present.

fa'a [preposition of place] — directly towards ...

i ko catlu fa'a le mi'u canko — Look in the direction of the window.

i xu le mi'u pa cipni ca'o vofli fa'a le solri — Is the bird flying towards the Sun?

fa'u [conjunction] — and respectively ... (forms unmixed set)

i zmadu fa'u mleca fi le ka sampu fa'u le ka drani — It's more easy and less correct, respectively.

facki — x_1(entity) discovers fact x_{2(proposition)} about x_3(entity) ; x₁ finds out that x₂ is true

lo facki — discoverer. lo se facki — discovery.

i mi facki le jitfa le pu se cusku be la alis — I discovered false statements in what Alice said.

i mi facki le mi'u du'u le mi'u tcadu cu jibni — I found that the city is near.

i mi pu facki le mi'u du'u le mi'u lisri cu xajmi — I found the story funny.

Comment: for searching for objects and finding them use mitysisku and zvafa'i.

Related words: cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku

fadni — x_1(entity) is ordinary in x_{2(property of x1)} among x_{3(entity group, full set)}

lo fadni — typical, ordinary.

i fi le'i pendo be mi cu fadni fa la kevin le ka cusku le simsa noi srana mi — Among my friends, it's common for Kevin to say such things about me.

Related words: cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano

fagri — x_1(entity) is a fire in fuel x_2(entity) burning in x_{3(entity: 'oxygen' by default)}

lo fagri — fire. lo se fagri — fuel for fire. lo te fagri — oxidizer of fire.

i le fagri be le mi'u boske bei le brife co'a carmi — The fire in the forest burning in the wind becomes intense.

i le mi'u mudri cu se fagri — The wood is burning.

Related words: jelca, sacki

fai [case tag] — restores the part of a clause omitted using jai

i le nu jimpe la'e ti cu nandu i la'e ti jai nandu fai le ka se jimpe — Understanding this is hard. This is hard to understand.

falnu — x_1(entity) is a sail for gathering wind x_2(entity) on vehicle or motor x_3(entity)

lo falnu — sail. lo se falnu — wind for a sail. lo te falnu — sailboat, motor of sailboat.

i ti noi bloti cu te falnu — This is a sailboat.

i ti noi molki cu te falnu le djacu pa xislu — This mill operates on a water wheel.

Comment: x₂ can be wind, water or other forces enabling the sail to work.

Related words: bloti

famti — x_1(entity) is an aunt or uncle of x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo famti — aunt, uncle. lo se famti — niece, nephew.

i do famti mi le ka ce'u mensi le mamta be ce'u — You are my aunt since you are a sister of my mother.

Related words: bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne

fancu — x_1(entity) is a function mapping argument domain x_2(entity) to function range x_3(entity) defined by rule x_4(text) ; x₁ is a function of x₂

lo fancu — function. lo se fancu — domain of function arguments. lo te fancu — range of function.

i le nu se la'u li xo kau mi'o snada cu te fancu le nu se la'u li xo kau mi'o troci — Our success depends on how hard we try.

i le jdima be le broda cu te fancu le nu le mi'u broda tai ma kau cu se sabji jo'u le nu le mi'u broda cu se cpedu xo kau da — The price of a good is a function of its supply and demand.

i le nu mi jimpe la'e ti na te fancu tu'a do — I don't depend on you to understand this.

i li fy pe li xy cu fancu li ma'u li ma'u no me'o vei xy su'i pa ve'o pi'i vei xy vu'u pa ve'o — f(x) = (x + 1) (x − 1), where x>1, f(x)>0.

Related words: mekso, bridi

fange — x_1(entity) is alien or unfamiliar to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo fange — alien, unfamiliar.

i ra fange mi le ka zukte ma kau — He is alien to me in what he does.

Related words: cizra, jbena, ckini

fanmo — x_1(entity) is the final, last part leading up to completion of x_2(entity)

lo fanmo — finish, finale, final part, end (ending). lo se fanmo — process being finished.

i do te mukti le ka mo ca le fanmo le ca jeftu — What are you going to do on weekend?

i le fanmo be le mi'u te jivna ba cinri ba'a — I expect the final part of the competition interesting.

Comment: can refer to place.

Related words: cfari, sisti, krasi, mulno, denpa, jipno, traji

fanri — x_1(entity) is a factory or mill producing x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo fanri — factory, mill. lo se fanri — product of a factory. lo te fanri — raw material for a factory.

i ti fanri le nanba le gurni — This is a mill producing bread from grain.

Related words: molki, gundi

fanta — x_1(entity) prevents x_2(clause) from occurring

lo se fanta — event being prevented.

i le bumru pu fanta le nu mi'a viska da — Fog prevented us from seeing anything.

Related words: pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi

fanva — x_1(entity) translates x_2(text) to language x_3(entity) from language x_4(entity) with result x_5(text)

lo fanva — translator. lo se fanva — text to be translated. lo te fanva — target language for translation. lo ve fanva — source language for translation. lo xe fanva — translation (text).

i mi pu fanva lu coi ui li'u le glico le lojbo zoi gy.yay, hello!.gy. — I translated coi ui to English from Lojban as "Yay, hello!"

i xu lu coi do li'u drani xe fanva zoi gy.Hello, you!.gy. — Is coi do a correct translation of "Hello, you!""?

Comment: traduki is an alternative to fanva.

Related words: cusku, bangu, traduki

fanza — x_1(clause) annoys x_2(entity)

lo fanza — annoying event. lo se fanza — annoyed person.

i le nu le verba cu klaku cu fanza le mamta be le mi'u verba — Baby crying annoys his mother.

i do fanza mi — You annoy me.

Related words: fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla

fapro — x_1(entity) opposes, doesn't surrender to x_2(entity) about x_{3(entity, property of x1)} ; x₁ refuses to do x₃

i mi pu fliba le ka fapro le nu do cisma — I couldn't resist your smile.

i xu do fapro fi le ka sidju mi — Do you refuse to help me?

Related words: bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu

farlu — x_1(entity) falls to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) ...

i mi pu farlu fi pa skalera fe le dertu — I fell down from the stairs onto the ground.

i la alis pu jai gau farlu fai le mi'u dakli le mi'u jubme — Alice dropped the bag on the table.

Related words: lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu

farna — x_1(entity) is the direction of x_2(entity) from origin x_3(entity)

lo farna — direction, trend.

i le mi'u canko cu farna le nu la alis pu catlu vau mi — From my viewpoint, Alice was looking at the direction of the window.

Related words: zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne

farvi — x_1(entity) evolves or develops into x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) through stages x_{4(ordered entity group)}

lo ve farvi — stage of development, version in development.

i le'e nanba cu farvi le bredi le te zbasu le nu co'a mixre le purmo jo'u le matne jo'u le sovda jo'u le sakta vau jo'u ba bo le nu glare jo'u ba bo le nu satre vo'a le matne — One makes a standard cake from raw materials by mixing flour, butter, eggs and sugar together, then heating, then greasing the cake with butter, and after that, it is ready.

Related words: pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti

fasnu — x_1(clause) occurs or happens

lo fasnu — occurrence, case (occurrence).

i le cizra pu va fasnu — There were strange things happening there.

i le ei ba fasnu ba fasnu — Whatever shall be will be.

Related words: fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli, gasnu, zukte, banli

fatci — x_{1(proposition)} is a fact

lo fatci — fact, factual.

i mi se la'u li me'i ro birti le mi'u du'u ro se djuno be mi bei le mi'u munje cu fatci — I'm not completely sure that all that I know about the world are actual facts.

Related words: datni, jitfa, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske

fatri — x_1(entity) is distributed among x_2(entity) with portions x_3(entity)

lo fatri — distributed. lo te fatri — portion of a distributed thing.

i gau mi fatri fa le titla le verba le pa mei — I handed out candies to children one candy to each of them.

Related words: fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana

fau [preposition] — with the event of ...

i fau le nu do djica vau ko cpedu fi mi — If you want, ask me.

i ro da zo'u fau ro nu do nitcu da vau ko da lebna — Whenever you need something, take it.

i fau ro da da'i mi snada — I would succeed anyway.

i da'i ma fasnu fau le nu ro remna no roi sipna — What would happen if humans never slept?

faurbanzu — x_1(object) is enough for purpose x_2(clause) to take place ...

i le nu mi tavla fo la lojban na faurbanzu le nu mi jimpe do — My level of speaking Lojban isn't enough to understand you.

i da'i le nu do ca co'a klama cu faurbanzu le nu do ca le drani se tcika mo'u klama — Leaving now would be enough for you to arrive on time.

i banzu le se djica be mi — It's enough for me.

Related words: zildukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, e'ande

fe [case tag] — prefix for the 2nd place of the current clause

i fe ma zvati fa la alis — Where is Alice?

fe'e [prefix for a preposition] — explicitly marks the following preposition as referring to space, not time

i ko vi'i fe'e di'i sombo le mi'u gurni — Sow the grain in a line and evenly!

fe'i — division operator (symbol / or : in math)

i le mi'u jubme cu mitre li pa fe'i re — The table is half a meter in length.

Comment: fe'i is used only in math expressions, for fractions use fi'u..

fe'o [vocative] — over and out (at the end of discussion)

i ca ti mi cliva e'i fe'o — Now I have to leave, have a nice day!

fe'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: fi'o

febvi — x_1(entity) evaporates, boils ...

lo febvi — something boiling.

i le mi'u djacu za'o febvi — The water is already boiling.

Related words: dunja, lunsa, litki

fegli — x_1(entity) is ugly to observer x_2(entity) in aspect x_{3(property of x1)}

lo fegli — something ugly.

i le mi'u djacu cu fegli le ka se panci ma kau — The water has an ugly smell.

Related words: rigni, melbi, pluka

fei [digit/number] — hex digit B (decimal 11), eleven

i mi ba volta de'i li cy fei — I will return at 11 o'clock.

femti — x_1(entity) is 10^-15 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le pa protoni cu femti le mitre be li ji'i pa pi xa boi le ka klani ma kau — A proton has a size of about 1.6 femtometres.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

fendi — x_1(entity) divides x_2(entity) into x_3(entity) ...

lo fendi — divider. lo se fendi — divided.

i mi fendi le mi'u najnimre ci spisa — I divide the orange into three pieces.

Related words: sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu

fengu — x_1(entity) is angry with x_2(entity) for x_{3(action of x2, state of x2, property of x2)}

lo fengu — angry.

i ra pu fengu mi le ka pu na klama — She was angry with me for not coming.

Related words: fanza, dunku

fenki — x_1(clause) is crazy ...

lo fenki — crazy action.

i le mi'u tcini cu fenki — The situation is crazy.

i le ka fengu cu klesi le ka jai fenki — Anger is a form of madness.

Related words: bebna, racli, xajmi

fenra — x_1(entity) is a crack in x_2(entity)

lo fenra — crack.

i da fenra le mi'u bitmu — There is a crack in the wall.

Related words: kevna, cfila, jinto

fenso — x_1(entity) sews or stitches x_{2(entity group, full set)} together with tool x_3(entity) using filament x_4(entity)

i le mi'u nixli pu fenso pa bukpu pa jesni pa cilta — The girl sewed pieces of cloth using a needle and a thread.

Related words: cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna

fepni — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) cents/copecks in value in monetary system x_3(entity) ...

i le mi'u penbi cu fepni li mu no le ropno — The pen costs 50 eurocents.

Comment: describes money subunits like cents, kopecks.

Related words: sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, jmagutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu

fepri — x_1(entity) is the lung of x_2(entity)

lo fepri — lung.

i ro da pu sanga se rai le ka pilno le fepri be vo'a — Everybody sang at the top of their lungs.

Related words: pambe, vasxu

ferti — x_1(entity) is fertile for growing x_{2(entity, property of x1)}

lo ferti — fertile.

i le vi tumla cu ferti le ka te crepu le vanjba — This land is fertile for reaping grapes.

i ti noi fetsi cu ferti le ka se tarbi — This female is fertile for conception.

Comment: covers both potential and actual/realized fertility.

Related words: vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange

festi — x_1(entity) is waste from x_2(entity)

lo festi — waste.

i ko bevri le festi be le grute le klaji — Take the fruit scraps to the street.

Related words: xaksu, kalci, pinca

fetsi — x_1(entity) is a female of species x_2(taxon) with feminine traits x_{3(property of x1)}

lo fetsi — female. lo te fetsi — feminine trait.

i ti fetsi le finpe le ka se ganti ma kau — This fish is female in having a certain kind of gonads.

Related words: nakni

fi [case tag] — prefix for the 3rd place of the current clause

i mi dunda fe ti fi do — I give this to you.

i mi co'i klama fi le mi'u tsani — I came from the sky.

fi'a [case tag] — asks for the case tag like fa, fe, fi, fo, fu (that should go into the place to which fi'a is put)

i lu do klama fi'a le mi'u zdani li'u lu fi li'u — "Are you going home, from home or?" "From home."

fi'i [vocative] — you are welcome, make yourself at home (expression of hospitality), fi'i nai — expression of inhospitality

i fi'i le vitke be le zdani be mi'a — Welcome to our house.

i do le'o co'e ne'a le zdani be mi fi'i nai — How dare you show up near my house, go away!

Comment: je'e is you are welcome for replies to thanks.

fi'o — turn clause into preposition/adverb

i le mi'u mlatu pu plipe fi'o suksa — The cat jumped quickly.

i le mi'u nabmi cu nandu fi'o jinvi so'i prenu — The problem is difficult according to many people.

Comment: used in the form of 'fi'o + verb' or 'fi'o + verb + the first place of the verb' (thus the first place of the verb goes after it).

fi'u [digit/number] — fraction slash; if no number to the left then '1' is assumed; when used alone equals to golden ratio (approximately '1.618')

i mi pu citka pa fi'u ci plise — I ate 1/3 of an apple.

i le re fi'u ci si'ei be le prenu na kakne le ka limna — Two thirds of people can't swim.

i le se klani be fi le ka clani be'o fi'u le se klani be fi le ka ganra cu du li fi'u — The length is in golden ratio to the length.

i mi pu te vecnu pa re fi'u re sovda — I bought half a dozen eggs.

Comment: for divisions in math expressions use fe'i.

figre — x_1(entity) is a fig of species x_2(taxon)

lo figre — fig.

i mi nelci ti noi crino figre — I like these green figs.

Related words: grute

finpe — x_1(entity) is a fish of species x_2(taxon)

lo finpe — fish.

i mi se pluka le ka kalte le finpe — I like fishing.

Related words: danlu

finti — x_1(entity) invents or creates x_2(entity) for purpose x_3(entity) from existing elements or ideas x_4(entity)

lo finti — creator. lo se finti — creation (object created), creature. lo te finti — purpose of creation. lo ve finti — raw materials for creation.

i mi pu finti pa lisri le ka jai gau zdile le mi'u verba vau le se vedli be mi — I created a story out of my real experience to amuse the child.

Related words: ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, prosa, skina

firca — x_1(entity) flirts with x_2(entity) by doing x_{3(property of x1)}

i ko sisti le ka firca le mensi be mi le ka benji le jai se dunda ri — Stop flirting with my sister by sending her gifts.

Related words: seksi, prami, jikca, melbi, tirna, tarti, gletu

flalu — x_1(entity) is a law specifying x_{2(property of x3)} for community x_3(entity) ...

lo flalu — law.

i le flalu be le ka na ralte le gerku bei ro se zdani cu cizra — The law specifying that no citizen should keep a dog is crazy.

Comment: x₁ is the name of the law.

Related words: javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe

flani — x_1(entity) is a flute, fife

lo flani — flute.

i le sance be le mi'u flani cu jai pluka — The flute has a pleasant sound.

Related words: zgike

flaume — x_1(entity) is a plum of species x_2(taxon)

lo flaume — plum.

i le pa spisa be le flaume torta ije uo mi ba'o xagji — A piece of a plum cake, and, voilà, I'm no longer hungry.

Comment: lo flaume poi grute is @@plum (fruit), lo flaume poi tricu is @@plum tree. flaume alone can denote either of them.

Related words: jbari, titla, grute, tricu

flecu — x_1(entity) is a current in x_2(entity) flowing towards x_3(entity) from x_4(entity)

lo flecu — current (flow), flow (current).

i ti flecu le condi pa lalxu pa galtu krasi pe bu'u lei cmana — This is a current in a deep bed running towards a lake from high springheads in the mountains.

Comment: flu'ente that has a place structure identical to muvdu.

fliba — x_1(entity) fails at doing x_{2(state of x1, event of x1)}

i mi za'u re'u fliba le mi'u cipra — I failed the test again.

i le mi'u se troci pu se fliba — The attempt failed.

i mi fliba le ka zvafa'i le mi'u penbi — I can't find the pen.

Related words: cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti

flira — x_1(entity) is a face of body x_2(entity)

lo flira — face.

i u'e melbi flira ra — What a nice face she has!

i ra pu minde mi le ka lumci le flira be mi — He told me to wash my face.

Related words: sefta, stedu, crane, mebri

flu'ente — x_1(entity) is a fluid flowing to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) via the route x_4(entity)

lo flu'ente — fluent, fluid, flow.

i ti flu'ente pa lalxu pa galtu krasi pe bu'u lei cmana le condi — This is a current in a deep bed running towards a lake from high springheads in the mountains.

i le flu'ente pe le bu'u tcadu cu carmi — The traffic in this city is intense.

i le nazbi be mi cu ve flu'ente — I have a runny nose.

i le mi'u cmana mo'u se flu'ente le glare — The mountain erupted jetting hot matter.

Comment: muvdu is a more general term. senta is for where no directionality is implied.

Related words: rirxe, naxle, senta, rinci, xampo, letri, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu

fo [case tag] — prefix for the 4th place of the current clause

i mi pu ciksi fe le mi'u nu mi pu na zvati vau fo le nu mi pu bilma — I explained that I was absent because I was ill.

foldi — x_1(entity) is a field made of material x_2(entity)

lo foldi — field.

i mi vreta bu'u pa foldi be le xrula — I'm lying on a flower field.

Related words: purdi, cange

fonmo — x_1(entity) is some foam or froth of material x_2(entity) with bubbles of material x_3(entity)

lo fonmo — foam. lo te fonmo — bubble in foam.

i le mi'u glare pu ru'i cupra le fonmo be le djacu bei le gapci — The heat was producing bubbles of gas in the water.

Related words: zbabu

fonxa — x_1(entity) is a phone or modem in network x_2(entity)

lo fonxa — telephone, phone. lo se fonxa — phone network.

i ti fonxa le skori e nai le te cradi — This is a landline phone, not a radiophone.

Related words: tcana

forca — x_1(entity) is a fork for x_2(clause) with tines x_3(entity) on base x_4(entity)

lo forca — fork.

i ti forca le nu jukpa vau le ci mei le mudri — This is a wooden fork for cooking with three tines.

Related words: dakfu, smuci, kombitu, tutci

fragari — x_1(entity) is a strawberry of species/breed x_2(taxon)

lo fragari — strawberry.

i le fragari cu je'a titla — Strawberries are really sweet.

Related words: jbari, grute, rozgu

fraso — x_1(entity) is French in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo fraso — French.

i xu do tavla fo le fraso — Do you speak French?

Related words: ropno

fraxu — x_1(entity) forgives x_2(entity) for x_{3(event of x2, state of x2, action of x2)}

lo te fraxu — action forgiven.

i ko fraxu mi le ka jai lerci — Forgive me for being late.

Related words: dunda, e'ande, zungi

frica — x_1(entity) differs from x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)}

lo frica — something different.

i mi frica do le ka nelci ma kau — You and I differ from each other in what we like.

Related words: ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici

friko — x_1(entity) is African in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo friko — African.

i au mi viska le friko xanto — I want to see African elephants.

Related words: ropno, xazdo

frili — x_{1(property of x2)} is easy for x_2(entity) ...

lo frili — easy.

i ti noi karce cu jai frili fai le ka se sazri — This car is easy to handle.

i na pu frili mi fa le ka zvafa'i lei mi'u ckiku — It wasn't easy for me to find the keys.

Related words: nandu, sampu, zifre

frinu — x_1(entity) is a fraction of x_2(entity) divided by x_3(entity)

lo frinu — fraction. lo se frinu — numerator of a fraction. lo te frinu — denominator of a fraction.

i li re frinu li bi li vo — 2 = 8 / 2.

Related words: parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi

friti — x_1(entity) offers x_2(clause) to x_3(entity) ...

lo se friti — offering.

i mi pu friti fi le mi'u mamta fe le nu mi sidju le mi'u verba le ka klama le cnita — I offered the mother to help the child to go down.

Related words: canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke

frumu — x_1(entity) grimaces, frowns ...

i le mi'u nakni pu frumu ca le nu ri catlu mi — He frowned looking at me.

Related words: cmila, cisma

fu [case tag] — prefix for the 5th place of the current clause

i mi ba benji le xatra fu le kibro — I will send the letter via the internet.

fu'au [interjection] — luckily, fu'au nai — unluckily

i fu'au mi se e'ande fi le ka dasni le tordu skaci — Luckily, I'm allowed to wear a short skirt.

i do ca zvati le zdani fu'au dai — You are now at home, lucky you.

i fu'au nai le vi dacti na mutce da'i le ka plixau — Unluckily, this thing wouldn't be of big help.

i fu'au nai no da pu ganse le mi'u nu le mi'u ninmu ba'o kansa mi'a — Unluckily, no one noticed that she was no longer with us.

Related words: zabna, funca, ui, di'ai

fu'e — creates a scope (brackets) of influence for an interjection

i mi viska pa fu'e ia cizra zdani fu'o — I can see what I believe is a strange house.

i mi ca klama le drata tcadu fu'e ta'o de'i li jy dy re te zu'e le ka viska lei rirni be mi fu'o — I am going to another city (on Tuesday, by the way, to visit my parents).

fu'i [interjection modifier] — the state has been achieved easily, fu'i nai — state has been achieved hard

i e'e fu'i mi cpare le mi'u cmana — I can easily climb the mountain, I can go for it!

i ui fu'i nai mi mo'u klama le korbi be le tcadu — Yay, that was hard but now I'm at the edge of the city.

Related words: frili

fu'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: fu'e

fukpi — x_1(entity) is a copy of x_2(entity) in form x_3(entity) made by method x_4(clause)

lo fukpi — copy, replica.

i mi ralte pa fukpi be ti noi pixra bei pa bukpu pe le jubme bei le nu prina — I have a printed copy of this picture made as a tablecloth.

Related words: krefu, rapli, gidva, zi'evla

fulta — x_1(entity) floats in or on gas or fluid x_2(entity)

i le morsi pezli xu fulta le sefta be le mi'u djacu — Dead leaves float on the surface of the water.

Related words: limna, bloti, sakli

funca — x_1(clause) is determined by the good or bad luck of x_2(entity)

lo funca — luck (good or bad).

i mi se funca le ka se jundi ro da — I'm lucky in that everybody listens to me.

Related words: cunso, mabla, zabna

fusra — x_1(entity) rots or decays ...

lo fusra — rotting.

i pa perli mo'u fusra — There is one pear and it is rotten.

Related words: birje, vanju, vifne

fuzme — x_1(entity) is responsible for x_{2(action of x1, state of x1)} to authority x_3(entity)

lo fuzme — responsible for, accountable for.

i la alis pu jai se facki fai le ka na fuzme le mi'u zekri vau le mi'u kamni — Alice was found not responsible for the crime by the committee.

Related words: bilga

fy [pronoun] — f (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like fy is for the last lo frumu used.

ga [forethought conjunction] — and/or

i ga mi citka gi mi kelci — I either eat or play, or do both.

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses. Shows that at least one of the constructs inside ga ... gi is true.

ga'a [preposition from zgana] — to observer ..., observed by ..., adverb: being observed

i ga'a mi ca cerni — To me it's morning now.

Comment: not limited to vision. When used as a preposition (with a noun after it) the clause itself describes what is being observed. When used after ne the clause itself describes sense via one observes.

ga'i [interjection] — expressing hauteur, ga'i cu'i — expressing equal rank, ga'i nai — meekness (used with one of lower rank)

i do nitcu ma doi le pikci ga'i — What do you need, you beggar?

i mi ro do ga'i cu'i tavla — I'm talking to you, my peers.

i e'o doi le turni ko sidju mi'a ga'i nai sai — Please, governor, help us, worthless people.

Related words: gapru, cnita

ga'u [preposition of cardinal direction] — up from ..., adverb: above

i pu bumru ga'u le lalxu — There was mist over the river.

gacri — x_1(entity) is a lid for covering x_2(entity)

lo gacri — lid. lo se gacri — something with a lid.

i le snime cu gacri le mi'u dertu — Snow covers the ground.

Related words: pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, botpi, bitmu, calku

gadri — x_1(text) is a gadri, a grammatical particle producing noun out of verb x_2(text) ...

lo gadri — gadri (grammatical particle).

i zo le mi'u gadri lu nu dansu li'u — le is a gadri.

Comment: lo, le, la, lai, loi, lei, lo'e, le'e are the most common gadri.

Related words: valsi, cmavo

gai [digit/number] — hex digit C (decimal 12), twelve, dozen

i mi citka de'i li cy gai — I eat at noon (12 o'clock).

galfi — x_1(entity) transforms, modifies, changes x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

lo galfi — modifier, transformer.

i le mi'u mamta pu galfi le mi'u rectu jo'u le mi'u nanba le pluka snuji — Mother turned the meat and the bread into lovely sandwiches.

i ju'o le mi'u ninmu ba galfi la kevin le speni be vo'a — I'm sure she will make Kevin her spouse.

i le lenku brife pu galfi le mi'u pezli le bunre — The cold wind turned the leaves brown.

Comment: binxo describes that entity turns into another entity, galfi is to turn one entity into another one. cenba describes how entity changes its state while remaining the same entity, stika is to make entity change its state.

Related words: stika, binxo, cenba, zasni

galtu — x_1(entity) is high in reference frame x_2(entity) ; x₁ is an upper part of x₂ ...

lo galtu — high.

i le mi'u cipni cu galtu mi — The bird is high compared to me.

Related words: gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna

galxe — x_1(entity) is a throat of x_2(entity)

lo galxe — throat.

i da'i le djacu cu xamgu le galxe be do — Water would be fine for your throat.

Related words: cnebo, kevna, tunlo

ganlo — portal x_1(entity) is closed, preventing access to place x_2(entity) for object x_3(entity)

lo ganlo — closed.

i le mi'u vorme cu ganlo le nenri le fange — The door is closed not letting the strangers in.

Related words: kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti

ganra — x_1(entity) is broad or wide in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo ganra — broad, wide.

i le mi'u tricu cu ganra le ka se midju — The tree is thick in the middle.

Comment: the second largest dimension. ganra, rotsu and clani specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, jmagutci, minli

ganse — x_1(entity) detects or senses x_2(entity) by means x_{3(property of x1)} ...

lo se ganse — feeling (sensation).

i mi ganse le nu ti cpina vau le ka smaka ri — I sense it being irritating by tasting it.

Related words: pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu

ganti — x_1(entity) is a gonad/ovary of x_2(entity) of sex x_3(entity)

lo ganti — gonad. lo te ganti — sex (biological).

i le xanto cu se ganti le barda le nakni — Male elephants have large testicles.

Related words: plibu, sovda, nakpinji, gutra, mabla

ganxo — x_1(entity) is the anus of x_2(entity)

lo ganxo — anus.

i le mi'u mikce pu kucli tu'a le nabmi pe le ganxo be le mi'u nanmu — The doctor was curious about the problem with the anus of the man.

Related words: zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci

ganzu — x_1(entity) organizes chaos x_2(entity) into order x_3(entity) by principle x_{4(proposition)}

lo ganzu — organizer. lo se ganzu — chaotic, not organized. lo te ganzu — organized.

i le mi'u turni pu ganzu le ruble prenu le vlipa jenmi le ka bapli le nu le mi'u jenmi cu zukte le te minde — He turned weak people into a powerful army by making them execute orders.

Related words: ciste, morna, stura, cabra

gapci — x_1(entity) is a gas ...

lo gapci — gas.

i ti noi karce cu se livla le gapci — This car is powered by gas.

Related words: pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flu'ente

gapru — x_1(entity) is directly above x_2(entity) ...

lo gapru — something above.

i le mi'u solri ca gapru mi — The Sun is now above me.

Related words: tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna

garna — x_1(entity) is a railing or bar supporting or restraining x_2(entity) ...

lo garna — rail.

i ti garna le xance — This is a handrail.

Related words: kamju, grana, tutci

gasnu — x_1(entity) causes x_2(clause) to happen

lo gasnu — agent.

i do pu gasnu le nu mi klaku — You made me cry.

Comment: lo zukte is who do something themselves, lo gasnu is agent who causes something, lo se jalge is event that causes something.

Related words: gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu, jibri, kakne, pilno

gasta — x_1(entity) is some steel ...

lo gasta — steel.

i le balre be ti noi dakfu cu gasta — The blade of this knife is made of steel.

Related words: jinme, molki, tirse

gau [preposition from gasnu] — with active agent ...

i ba gau mi do cliva — I will make you leave.

i mi pu jai gau citka fai le mi'u verba — I fed the child.

Comment: the clause describes the event cause by the agent; agent/ergative case tag.

ge [forethought conjunction] — and

i mi ge citka pa torta gi pinxe le jisra — I both eat a cake and drink some juice.

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses. Shows that both constructs inside ge ... gi are true.

ge'e [interjection] — attitude unspecified or known from context

i ge'e le mlatu pe mi mo'u se jbena pa no da — Well, my cat has given birth to ten kittens.

ge'i [forethought conjunction] — question

i lu do ge'i citka le torta gi pinxe le jisra li'u lu ge li'u — "What connective of GA series matches your situation: you eat a cake, you drink some juice?" "I do both."

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses.

ge'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: goi, ne, pe, po'e

genja — x_1(entity) is a root of x_2(entity)

lo genja — root.

i ti noi spati cu se genja le clani — This plant has long roots.

Related words: jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi

genxu — x_1(entity) is a hook ...

lo genxu — hook.

i mi pu kavbu pa finpe pa genxu — I caught a fish with a hook.

Related words: korcu

gerku — x_1(entity) is a dog of species x_2(taxon)

lo gerku — dog.

i mi jai gau citka fai le gerku pe mi re roi ro djedi — I feed my dog twice a day.

Related words: lorxu, labno, mlatu

gerna — x_{1(proposition)} is the grammar of language x_2(entity) for structure x_3(text)

lo gerna — grammar. lo te gerna — text.

i le mi'u du'u le gadri cu lidne le se du'u selbri cu gerna la lojban le sumti — That gadri precede selbri is the grammar of Lojban for sumti.

i zoi ry.привет.ry. te gerna le rusko — "привет" is a Russian text.

Related words: bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra

gi [middle separator] — separator of the two parts in the forethought connection

i ge do gi mi nelci le perli — Both you and I like pears.

gi'a [connective for clause tail] — and/or

i mi citka gi'a sanga — I do at least one of the following: I drink and I sing. I drink or I sing.

Comment: means at least one of the two (of clause tails connected using gi'a).

gi'e [connective for clause tail] — and

i ai mi lumci le kumfa gi'e jukpa le torta — I'm going to clean the room and cook a cake.

gi'e nai [connective for clause tail] — and not

i mi tavla bau la lojban gi'e nai certu tu'a ri — I speak Lojban but I'm not an expert in it.

gi'i [connective for clause tail] — question

i do klama gi'i stali — Are you going or staying?

gi'o [connective for clause tail] — both or none

i ro da ka'e prenu gi'o ka'e tavla — Everyone either can be a person and can talk, or have none of that.

Comment: describes event requiring both connected main verbs to be true in respect to their shared nouns.

gi'u [connective for clause tail] — whether or not

i mi citka gi'u sanga — I eat (whether or not I sing).

gidva — x_1(entity) guides or leads x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x2)}

lo gidva — guide (conductor).

i ra gidva mi le ka tadni la lojban — He guides me in studying Lojban.

Related words: jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna

gigdo — x_1(entity) is a billion, 10⁹ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le vi tcana cu gigdo le bitni le ka benji ca ro snidu — This network station sends 1 gigabit of data per second.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

ginka — x_1(entity) is a camp of inhabitants x_2(entity) ...

lo ginka — camp. lo se ginka — camper.

i mi'ai pu zbasu pa ginka pe bu'u le mi'u lalxu — We made camp near the lake.

i mi'ai pu se ginka ze'a le jeftu — We camped there for a week.

Comment: temporary residence.

Related words: dinju, xabju, zdani

girzu — x_{1(set of entity)} is a group with common feature x_{2(property of member of x1)} ...

lo girzu — group.

i mi cmima lo girzu be le ka tadni la lojban — I belong to a group of those who learn Lojban.

Related words: bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici

gismu — x_1(text) is a root verb ...

lo gismu — gismu (root verb).

i zo zgana gismu — zgana is a gismu (root verb).

Related words: selbrivla, lujvo, zi'evla, cmevla

glare — x_1(entity) is hot ...

lo glare — hot.

i le mi'u tcati cu glare — The tea is hot.

Related words: lenku

gleki — x_1(entity) is happy about x_{2(event, state)}

lo gleki — happy.

i mi gleki le nu do jinga — I am happy that you won.

Related words: badri, cinmo

gletu — x_1(entity) copulates or mates with x_2(entity)

i ko na gletu ra mu'i le nu do djica ku po'o — Don't have sex with her just because you want to.

Related words: seksi, nakpinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni

glico — x_1(entity) is English in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo glico — English.

i mi traduki le vi uenzi le glico — I'm translating this text to English.

Related words: sralo

gluta — x_1(entity) is a glove or mitten ...

lo gluta — glove.

i le mi'u gluta pu jai gau stodi fai le xance be ra le ka mligla — The gloves kept her hands warm.

Related words: taxfu

go [forethought conjunction] — both or none

i go la alis ba lumci le kumfa gi la kevin cu sidju la alis — Alice will clean a room if, and only if, Kevin helps her.

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses. Shows that the whole assertion is true if each of its parts (the construct inside go ... gi and the construct after gi) are true..

go'a [verb] — copies a recent completed main level clause

i au mi ne ka'ai do zgana pa cnino skina i ku'i za'a do ca zukcfu so'i da i ca ma mi'o ka'e go'a — I'd like to watch a new movie with you. But as I can see you are very busy now. When can we do that?

go'i [verb] — copies the last completed main main level clause

i au mi penmi do i xu le nu go'i cu cumki — I'd like to meet you. Is this possible?

go'o [verb] — copies the next main main level clause

i sa'u mi pu jinvi le nu go'o i do mutce le ka tatpi — I simply thought this: you are very tired.

gocti — x_1(entity) is 10^-24 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le pa protoni cu gocti le grake be li ji'i pa pi ze bei le ka tilju — Proton is approximately 1.7 Yoctogram.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

goi — that will from now on be called ... (a noun follows)

i i'a da goi ko'a dinju — Okay, so there is a house, let's call it ko'a from now on.

i ko'a simlu le ka zarci i je so'i prenu ta'e klama le nenri jo'u le bartu i ji'a cinri fa le nu pa canko be ko'a cu spofu — ko'a looks like a store, many people go in and out. In addition, it's interesting that there is a window in ko'a that is broken.

gotro — x_1(entity) is 10²⁴ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le terdi cu gotro le grake be li ji'i pa ki'o boi le ka tilju — The mass of the Earth is approximately 6000 Yottagram.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

gradu — x_1(entity) is a unit on scale x_{2(property of x1 with kau)} measuring x_{3(property of x1 with kau)}

lo gradu — unit. lo se gradu — scale with units.

i le centi be le mitre cu gradu le ka mitre vau le ka te sepli — Centimeter is a unit on metric scale, which measures distance.

Related words: ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci

grake — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) grams in weight ...

lo se grake — weight in grams.

i lei mi'u plise cu grake li pa ki'o — The apples are 1 kilogram in weight.

Related words: junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, centi

grana — x_1(entity) is a rod or pole ...

lo grana — rod, stick.

i ra pu jgari pa grana — He was holding a rod.

Related words: garna

grasu — x_1(entity) is some grease, oil ...

lo grasu — grease.

i ko punji le so'o grasu le mi'u xislu — Put some grease on the wheel.

i ri se savru — It squeaks.

Related words: ctile, matne, plana

gredile — x_1(entity) is a grill/grid/graticule consisting of lines x_2(entity)

lo gredile — grill, grid. lo se gredile — line of a grid.

i ti gredile le ci pinta jo'u le re sraji — It's a grid with three horizontal and two vertical lines.

Comment: see cartu, sraji, pinta, kamju.

Related words: greku, kamju, sraji, pinta

greku — x_1(entity) is a frame or structure supporting x_2(entity)

lo greku — frame.

i le greku be le mi'u bitmu cu mudri — The frame of the fence is wooden.

Related words: korbi, stura, tsina, bongu

grusi — x_1(entity) is gray

lo grusi — gray.

i ca le nicte ro mlatu cu grusi — At night, all cats are grey.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi

grute — x_1(entity) is a fruit of species x_2(taxon)

lo grute — fruit (of a plant).

i ti noi grute be le plise cu crino — This apple fruit is green.

Related words: badna, dembi, figre, tcilokoiotli, narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre

gu [forethought conjunction] — whether or not

i la alis cu gu stati gi melbi — Alice is smart whether or not she is beautiful.

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses.

gu'a [forethought conjunction for tanru] — and/or

i le mi'u nu litru ba gu'a clani gi ckape — The journey will be dangerous or long.

gu'e [forethought conjunction for tanru] — and

i ca pa djedi mi ba gu'e badri gi gleki da — One day there will be something so that I will be both sad and happy about.

gu'i [forethought conjunction for tanru] — question

i lu do gu'i citka gi pinxe li'u lu ge li'u — "Do you eat or drink?" "Both."

gu'o [forethought conjunction for tanru] — both or none

i ai mi te vecnu pa gu'o cnino gi kargu karce — I'm going to buy an expensive car if and only if it is new.

gu'u [forethought conjunction for tanru] — whether or not

i ai mi te vecnu pa gu'u kargu gi cnino karce — I'm going to buy a new car whether or not it is expensive.

gubni — x_1(entity) is public to community x_2(entity)

lo gubni — public. lo se gubni — community with something public.

i le mi'u panka cu gubni le prenu — The park is public and open to people.

Related words: sivni

gugde — x_1(entity) is the country of inhabitants x_2(entity) with territory x_3(entity)

lo gugde — country. lo se gugde — citizen of a country. lo te gugde — territory of a country.

i ti gugde le cilce prenu le na'e barda — This is a country of wild people covering not a big territory.

.i ti te gugde mi'a — This is our land.

Related words: turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci

gumri — x_1(entity)  is a mushroom of species x_2(taxon)

lo gumri — mushroom.

i ti noi gumri cu vindu le remna — This mushroom is poisonous to humans.

Related words: mledi

gundi — x_1(entity) is industry producing x_2(entity) by process or means x_3(clause)

lo gundi — industry. lo se gundi — product of an industry. lo te gundi — industrial process.

i le mi'u gundi be le taxfu be le ka macnu se cupra cu carmi le ka farvi — The industry of producing handmade dresses is intensely developing.

i mi se cuntu le gundi be le zgike — I am involved in music industry.

Related words: cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu

gunka — x_1(entity) works on x_{2(property of x1)} with goal x_{3(clause, property of x1)}

lo gunka — worker. lo se gunka — work activity. lo te gunka — work goal.

i mi gunka le ka tadni la lojban vau le ka sutra tavla bau la lojban — I'm working on learning Lojban in order to quickly talk in it.

Comment: zukte need not be labor.

Related words: sazri, gasnu, se jibri, briju, lazni, akti, selfu

gunma — x_1(entity) is a joint mass, team of components that are x_{2(entity group)}

lo gunma — mass, aggregate. lo se gunma — component of a mass.

i pa gunma be le prenu ca'o sruri le mi'u dinju — The crowd of people is surrounding the building.

Comment: x₂ describes the whole set. For a particular member of a set use cmima.

Related words: bende, girzu, pagbu, loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, joi

gunro — x_1(entity) rolls on surface x_2(entity) rotating on axis or axle x_3(entity)

i ba bo le mi'u verba co'a gunro pa salpo mo'i ni'a fi le cutne be vo'a — And then the child started rolling down the slope rotating around his chest.

i mi ca'o gunro le vacri — I am spinning in the air.

Related words: bolci, carna, jendu, slanu

gunse — x_1(entity) is a goose of species x_2(taxon)

lo gunse — goose.

i ju'i do ci gunse ca'o limna le mi'u lalxu — Hey, look, three geese are swimming in the lake.

Related words: cipni

gunta — x_1(entity) attacks x_2(entity) with goal x_{3(property of x1)}

lo gunta — attacker. lo se gunta — attacked.

i lei ratcu ca'o gunta le mi'u dinju le ka cpacu le gurni — Rats are attacking the building to get the grain.

Related words: bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa

gurni — x_1(entity) is grain from plant x_2(entity)

lo gurni — grain.

i mi vi ku ralte le gurni be le zumri — I keep here maize grain.

Related words: bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu

guska — x_1(entity) erodes x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo guska — blade, scraper, erosive, abrasive.

i mi pu guska le skapi le cidni be mi — I scraped the skin off my knees.

Related words: balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra

gusni — x_1(entity) is light falling down on x_2(entity) from source x_3(entity) ; x₃ illuminates x₂ with illumination x₁

lo gusni — light (illumination). lo se gusni — illuminated. lo te gusni — illuminator.

i le fagri pu te gusni le mi'u kevna le xunre — The fire illuminated the cave with red light.

Related words: dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu

gusta — x_1(entity) is a restaurant serving food x_2(entity) to x_3(entity)

lo gusta — restaurant.

i banli gusta — Nice restaurant.

i bu'u le mi'u xotli da gusta le kukte le vitke be le mi'u xotli — In the hotel there is a restaurant serving tasty food to guests of the hotel.

Related words: selfu, barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli

gutra — x_1(entity) is the womb of x_2(entity)

lo gutra — womb.

i le gutra be le mamta be mi pu se vimcu — My mother had uterus removed.

Related words: jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla

gy [pronoun] — g (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like gy is for the last lo grana used.

i — separates sentences

i da vi fasnu i je le nu da mo kau cu na klina — Something is happening here, and what it is isn't exactly clear.

i bu [pronoun] — i (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like i bu is for the last lo intele used.

i'a [interjection] — OK (acceptance), i'a nai — resistance

i i'a mi ba denpa — Okay, I will wait.

i i'a mi na certu — Well, I'm not an expert.

i le danfu i'a nai cu ei drata — No, the solution doesn't satisfy me, it should be different.

Related words: mansa, fapro, fi'i

i'e [interjection] — Fine! (approval), i'e cu'i — non-approval, i'e nai — Boo! (disapproval)

i i'e do pu gunka le vajni — Very good! You did an important work.

i i'e cu'i do pu ku ca le se tcika mo'u klama — Well, okay, you arrived on time.

i i'e nai do jai lerci — Oy, you are late.

Related words: zanru

i'i [interjection] — togetherness, comradeship, i'i nai — antagonistically

i i'i do badri doi le pendo — You are sad, I know that feeling, bro.

i i'i nai mi zukte le na me do moi — It's your problems, I'm not doing your work.

Related words: kansa, gunma, sivni, sepli

i'o [interjection] — appreciation, i'o nai — envy

i i'o do je'a pendo — Ah, you're a true friend.

i i'o nai do ro roi se funca le zabna — Mmm, you are always lucky.

Related words: ckire, jilra

i'u [interjection] — familiarity, i'u nai — unfamiliarity, mystery

i coi i'u — Greetings, old friend.

i i'u ti noi plise so'i mei cu kukte — Yes, these apples are sweet.

i ti i'u nai xotli — It's some hotel.

Related words: slabu

ia [interjection] — belief, ia cu'i — allegedly (skepticism), ia nai — Pshaw! (disbelief)

i ia drani — I believe that's correct.

i mi viska pa ponse be ia pa blanu zdani — I see an owner of what I believe to be a blue house.

i ia cu'i le mi'u prenu cu catra — Allegedly, he is the murderer.

i ia nai le mi'u prenu cu stace mi — I don't believe, he is frank with me.

Related words: krici, jinvi

ie [interjection] — Yeah! Aye! (agreement), ie nai — disagreement

i ie la kevin ka'e pu zvati ti — Yes, Alice could be here.

i le mi'u danlu cu morsi ie nai — No, I don't agree that the animal is dead.

Related words: tugni

ii [interjection] — Eek! Yikes! (fear), ii nai — safeness

i ii da klama — Eek, there is someone coming!

i ii nai le mi'u djacu na ba kuspe mi'o — The water won't reach us.

Related words: terpa, snura

influ'enza — x_1(entity) is an influenza, grippe, flu

lo influ'enza — influenza, grippe, flu.

i mi bilma fi le influ'enza — I've got the flu.

Related words: bilma

info — x_{1(proposition)} is information about x_{2(proposition)} gathered by method x_3(clause)

lo info — information. lo te info — method of gathering information.

i le info be le nu vofli cu vajni mi — The information about flights is important to me.

i le ka zukte le zekri cu info le mi'u nanmu le ka zgana le se zukte be ce'u — That he is a criminal is the information about the man collected by monitoring his actions.

Related words: datni, vreji, kucli, djuno

insekto — x_1(entity) is an insect of species x_2(taxon)

lo insekto — insect.

i mi se cinri le ka tadni le insekto — I am interested in studying insects.

Related words: cinki, civla, danlu, blato, ankabuta, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce

intele — x_{1(property of x2)} is an intellect of bearer x_2(entity)

lo intele — intellect.

i le ka facki le mi'u du'u ma kau drani cu intele le panzi be mi — The ability to determine who is right is the sign of high intellect of my child.

Comment: the realized capacity of thinking, judging, abstract reasoning, and conceptual understanding; the cognitive capacity.

Related words: menli, besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni

io [interjection] — respect, io nai — disrespect

i ko io jersi mi — This way, Sir!

i ko io nai ti klama — Get your asses over here!

Related words: sinma

irci — x_1(entity) is an IRC user, chats in IRC on channel x_2(entity) in network x_3(entity)

lo irci — IRC user.

i la tom cu irci la'o .net.#lojban.net. la'o gy.freenode.gy — Tom chats in IRC channel #lojban of freenode network.

Related words: jikca, kibro

iu [interjection] — Aww! Mm! (love), iu nai — hatred

i da'i mi stali iu — I'd love to stay.

i do iu nai na pu sidju mi — You didn't help me, hate you!

i cakla iu nai — I hate chocolate.

Related words: prami

ja [conjunction] — and/or

i ba'a le mi'u tanxe cu barda ja tilju — I expect the box to be big or heavy (at least one of the two characteristics).

Comment: means at least one of the two (of constructs connected using ja).

ja'a [preposition of truth/falsehood] — It is true that ...

i mi ja'a jimpe — I do understand.

ja'a [2nd meaning] — left affirmer in conjunctions

i la alis pu ku sinma ja'a gi'e nai sidju vau mi — Alice did respect me but didn't help me.

ja'ai [1st meaning: interjection] — affirms attitude. Used as a modifier of interjection

i ui ja'ai — Yay indeed!

Comment: affirmative/negation pairs are ja'ai/nai, ja'a/na, je'a/na'e, jo'a/na'i.

ja'ai [2nd meaning: right scalar particle] — affirms prepositions, pronouns, clauses, verb words

i mi pu citka se pi'o ja'ai le forca — I ate indeed using a fork.

ja'ai [3rd meaning] — placed after a connective affirms the part after that connective

i mi djica na gi'e ja'ai bredi — I don't want but I'm ready.

ja'e [preposition from jalge] — resulting in ...

i pu lerci i ja'e bo mi pu bilga le ka volta — I was late. Therefore, I had to return.

i mi pu tatpi i ja'e bo mi co'a sipna — I was so tired that I fell asleep.

ja'o [interjection] — I conclude

i ja'o do merko — Then, you must be an American.

i ja'o do na nelci le birje — So, you don't like beer.

Comment: ja'o is applying general rules to specific cases, deduction. su'a is extrapolating general rules from specific cases, induction. su'a nai is making the most likely explanations from some cases, abduction..

Related words: nibli

jabre — x_1(entity) brakes or slows activity x_2(clause) with mechanism or principle x_{3(property of x1)}

i do jabre le nu mi gunka vau le ka ru'i tavla — You slow my work down by your constant talk.

Related words: mosra

jadni — x_1(entity) is a decoration of x_2(entity)

lo jadni — ornament, decoration (ornament). lo se jadni — adorned.

i le tarci cu jadni le mi'u tsani — Stars decorate the sky.

Related words: jemna, dirba, batke

jai [1st meaning] — Splits a clause into "some noun + cu jai" and "fai lo ka+the rest of the clause"

i lei mi'u ckiku cu jai nandu fai le ka se zvafa'i i va'i le nu zvafa'i lei mi'u ckiku cu nandu — The keys are hard to find. In other words, to find the keys is difficult.

i le bangu cu jai nandu i le bangu cu jai nandu fai le ka cilre fi ce'u — Languages are difficult. Languages are difficult in learning things about them.

i ko cusku le jai se djica be do — Say what you want.

i do ro roi cusku le jai nandu be fai le ka jimpe fi ce'u — You always say something hard to understand.

Comment: lei ckiku cu jai nandu - not keys themselves are hard but e.g. finding them is hard. lo bangu cu jai nandu - not languages themselves can be difficult but e.g. learning things related to them is difficult like in the example.

jai [2nd meaning] — Some noun + jai + some preposition take the first place of the main verb. The old first place can be expressed with the case marker fai

i mi jai gau farvi fai pa proga i va'i pa proga gau mi farvi — I develop a program. In other words, with me as the agent a program develops.

jakne — x_1(entity) is a rocket ...

lo jakne — rocket.

i le mi'u jakne ba klama fi le mi'u terdi fe le mi'u lunra — The rocket will go from the Earth to the Moon.

Related words: cecla, danti, spoja

jalge — x_{1(action of nonce place, event, state)} is the result or outcome of x_{2(event, state, process)}

lo jalge — outcome of an event, result of an event.

i le mi'u snuti pu se jalge le nu le mi'u nakni pu na jundi — The accident happened because he hadn't been careful.

i le cizra pu jalge — There ensued something strange.

Related words: se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, ja'e, ciksi

jalna — x_1(entity) is some starch ...

lo jalna — starch.

i ta'i ma jukpa le rismi se pi'o nai le jalna — How to cook rice without starch?

Related words: patlu, samcu

jamfu — x_1(entity) is a foot of x_2(entity)

lo jamfu — foot.

i le jamfu be mi cu lenku — My feet are cold.

Related words: jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji

jamna — x_1(entity) wars against x_2(entity) over territory or matter x_{3(proposition)}

lo te jamna — reason for a war.

i la alis jo'u la meilis pu jamna zu'ai le mi'u du'u jdice le mi'u du'u ma kau traji le ka melbi vau le me vo'a — Alice and Mei Lee were at war with each other in deciding who was prettier among them.

Comment: war (lo nu jamna) usually consists of battles (lo nu damba).

Related words: bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu

janbe — x_1(entity) is a bell or chime producing sound x_2(entity)

lo janbe — bell. lo se janbe — sound of a bell.

i mi pu tirna le janbe be le cladu — I heard a loud bell ringing.

Related words: zgike, tonga, desku, slilu

janco — x_1(entity) is a joint attaching limbs x_{2(entity group)} ...

lo janco — joint. lo se janco — limb with a joint.

i le anka cu janco le tuple jo'u le cutne — Ankle is a joint between chest and leg.

Comment: lo tornozelo is ankle, lo anka is hip.

Related words: birka, tornozelo, anka

janli — x_1(entity) collides with or crashes into x_2(entity)

i bu'u le mi'u klaji mi co'i janli pa pendo be mi — I bumped into a friend of mine in the street.

Related words: darxi

jansu — x_1(entity) is a diplomat representing polity x_2(entity) in negotiation/with function x_{3(property of x1)} ...

lo jansu — diplomat. lo te jansu — diplomatic negotiation.

i mi jansu le gugde pe mi le ka du le prenu poi jdice vau fau le nu casnu le nu lebna le ctile — I represented my country in discussions on getting oil as a person that takes decisions.

Comment: lo krati (representative) is a more broad term.

Related words: jecta, krati

janta — x_1(entity) is a bill, invoice for goods or service x_{2(property of x3)} billed to x_3(entity) by x_4(entity)

lo janta — bill, invoice, account (bill).

i ti jatna le grute le kagni pe mi le te vecnu pe le drata gugde — This is a bill for the fruits issued to my company by customers from another country.

Related words: jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera

jarbu — x_1(entity) is a suburban area of x_2(entity)

lo jarbu — suburban area.

i mi se zdani le jarbu be la london — I live in the suburbs of London.

Related words: nurma, se tcadu

jarco — x_1(entity) demonstrates or shows x_{2(property of x1)} to x_3(entity)

lo se jarco — demonstrated, manifested property.

i fi mi'a fa la alis cu jarco le ka stati — To us Alice appeared to be smart.

i la kevin cu jarco le ka gidva — Kevin acts as a guide.

Related words: tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu

jarki — x_1(entity) is narrow in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo jarki — narrow.

i le mi'u dargu cu jarki le ka se pagbu ti — The road is narrow here.

Comment: the second largest dimension. tordu, jarki and cinla specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cmalu

jaspu — x_1(entity) is a passport issued to x_2(entity) by x_3(entity) allowing x_{4(property of x2)}

lo jaspu — passport, account (registry to a service), permit (document). lo se jaspu — something having a passport.

i e'o le jaspu be do — Your passport, please.

i ti jaspu mi le jecta le ka klama la nipon — This is my passport issued by the state allowing me to go to Japan.

Related words: pikta, catni, e'ande

jatna — x_1(entity) is a commander or leader of x_2(entity)

lo jatna — commander, leader, captain, boss.

i le mi'u jatna be le kamni pe mi'o cu jinvi ma — What does the commander of our committee think?

Related words: jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti

jau [digit/number] — hex digit D (decimal 13), thirteen

i e'u mi'o zu'ai penmi de'i li cy jau — Let's meet at 1pm.

javni — x_{1(proposition)} is a rule regulating x_{2(event, state)} in x_3(entity)

lo javni — rule, regulatory rule. lo se javni — regulated by a rule. lo te javni — people to whom the rule is applied.

i mi te javni le ka co'u tavla gi'e co'a jundi — I should stop talking and start listening.

i e'u zukte le javni be le ka di'i retsku — I suggest you follow the rule or regularly asking questions.

i ma javni le nu pilno — What are the terms of usage?

Related words: flalu, ritli, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri

jbama — x_1(entity) is a bomb with explosive x_2(entity)

lo jbama — bomb. lo se jbama — explosive of a bomb.

i le jbama be le djacu cu se pilno mi'a le ka jai gau sisti le nu fagri — Water bombs are used by us to stop fire.

Related words: cecla, spoja

jbari — x_1(entity) is a berry of plant x_2(entity)

lo jbari — berry.

i mi pu citka so'o jbari be le fragari — I ate several strawberries.

Related words: grute, tsiju, narge

jbena — x_1(entity) is born to x_2(entity) ...

lo jbena — born. lo se jbena — birth giver.

i le mi'u speni be mi mo'u se jbena pa tixnu — My wife gave birth to a daughter.

Related words: fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi

jbera — x_1(entity) borrows x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) for time x_4(clause)

lo se jbera — borrowed.

i e'a pei mi jbera le vi penbi do — May I borrow this pen from you?

i mi ba te jbera pa karce do — I will lend you a car.

Related words: dejni, janta, zivle

jbini — x_1(entity) is between x_{2(entity group, full set)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jbini — something between.

i la alis cu jbini li re no jo'u li ci no le ka jai nanca — Alice is between 20 and 30 years old.

Related words: se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca

jbopre — x_1(entity) is a Lojbanist

lo jbopre — Lojbanist.

i ju'i le jbopre do se zdani ma — Hey, Lojbanist! Where do you live?

Related words: lojbo, prenu

jdari — x_1(entity) is firm or resistant to force x_2(clause) ...

lo jdari — firm.

i le cilmo mudri cu jdari le ka jelca — Wet wood is resistant to burning.

Related words: nandu, ralci, fapro, ranti, tinsa, toltinsa, sligu, stodi

jdice — x_1(entity) makes a judgement, decides that x_{2(proposition)} is true about x_{3(event, state)}

i mi mo'u jdice le mi'u du'u sarcu fa le nu mi'a stali — I decided that we need to stay.

i xu do jdice le ka jai se kufra vau le zdani be do — Have you decided that your home is comfortable?

i mi'a zanru le se jdice be le mi'u kamni — We welcome the decision of the committee.

Comment: pajni is for judging matters, jdice is for actual decisions, cuxna is for deciding (choosing) on something out of options.

Related words: pajni, cuxna, manri

jdika — x_1(entity) decreases in x_{2(property of x1)} by amount x_3(entity)

lo jdika — decreasing.

i le prenu pu jdika le ka gunma vau le ci mei — People decreased in number by three persons.

Related words: zenba, mleca, vimcu

jdima — x_{1(property of x3)} is the price of x_{2(property of x3)} to x_3(entity) set by x_4(entity)

lo jdima — price. lo se jdima — something having a price. lo ve jdima — price-maker.

i ma jdima ti fo do — What is your price for this?

i le rupnu be li ci cu jdima le ka sazri le se kelci karce vau le verba le ponse be le karce — Three dollars is the price of riding a toy car for children set by the owner of the car.

Comment: lo vamji is value, lo ve vecnu is for cost (cose unlike price is the total amount transferred in the transaction).

Related words: canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji, ve vecnu, fepni, jerna, jinga, prali, rupnu, sfasa

jdini — x_1(entity) is money issued by x_2(entity)

lo jdini — money.

i xu ti du le pe do jdini — Is this your money?

i le jdini be lei merko turni ba se pilno fi le nu sidju le pindi — Money issued by the American government will be used to help the poor.

Related words: fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja

jduli — x_1(entity) is some jelly of material x_2(entity)

lo jduli — jelly. lo se jduli — contents of a jelly.

i le jduli be le vanjba se rai se nelci mi — I like grape jelly best.

Related words: pesxu, litki, sligu

je [conjunction] — and

i do pu je ca je ba pendo mi — You were, are and will be my friend.

je'a [left scalar particle] — indeed ... (affirms the position on the scale)

i do je'a stati doi lei prenu — You are really smart, people.

i lei mi'u grute cu se tasta le je'a rigni — The fruits are indeed disgusting in taste.

je'ai [left scalar particle] — asks which particle fits the place where je'ai is put: je'a, na'e, no'e or to'e

i lu do je'ai nelci le gerku li'u lu to'e li'u — "You like/dislike dogs?" "I hate them."

je'e [vocative] — roger, I got your message; not at all, you are welcome (in reply to thanks), je'e nai — I didn't get your message

i lu ki'e do li'u lu je'e do li'u — "Thank you!" "You are welcome!"

Comment: fi'i is you are welcome for expressing hospitality.

je'i [conjunction] — question

i do ba'o je'i pu'o citka — Have you eaten yet or are you only about to eat?

je'u [interjection] — truly, yes, je'u nai — no (false)

i je'u do stati prenu — Truly, you are a smart person.

i le mi'u purdi je'u nai cu se ponse le za'u cizra prenu — This "garden" (which is in fact not a garden) is owed by some weird people.

i xu do kansa mi'a i je'u nai — Are you with us? No.

Related words: jetnu

jecta — x_1(entity) is a polity or state governing x_2(entity)

lo jecta — polity, state.

i le nu se sazri za'u pa turni cu jecta le vi tutra — Being controlled by more than one government is the political system of this area.

Related words: gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu

jeftu — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) weeks long ...

lo jeftu — week-long event.

i mi'o ba volta ti za le jeftu be li re — We'll return here in two weeks.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one week in duration

Related words: detri, djedi, masti, nanca

jegvo — x_1(entity) is Abrahamic (Judaic, or Christian, or Moslem) in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo jegvo — Judaic or Christian or Moslem.

i xu do se lijda le jegvo — Do you belong to an Abrahamic religion?

Related words: lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso

jelca — x_1(entity) burns ...

i le mi'u mudri cu jelca — The wood is burning.

Comment: se fagri is preferable to jelca.

Related words: fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki

jemna — x_1(entity) is a gem ...

lo jemna — gem.

i pa nixli pu zvafa'i pa rokci noi ba ku jai se facki fai le ka jemna — A girl found a stone that later was turned out to be a gem.

Related words: kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji

jenca — x_1(clause) shocks or stuns x_2(entity)

lo jenca — shocking event. lo se jenca — shocked.

i pu jenca le fetsi fa le nu vo'a ka'e mo'u klama lo drata gugde — It shocked her that she could get to another country.

Related words: darxi, gunta, spaji

jendu — x_1(entity) is an axle on which x_2(entity) rotates ...

lo jendu — axle.

i le mi'u jendu be le re xislu cu mudri — The axle of the two wheels is wooden.

Related words: se carna, gunro, tutci

jenmi — x_1(entity) is an army serving x_2(entity) in doing x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jenmi — army.

i ti jenmi le vi gugde le ka vimcu be le fagri — This is an army of firefighters of this country.

i le mi'u re ki'o sonci cu jenmi le mi'u pagbu be le mi'u gugde — The two thousand soldiers is an army of this part of the country.

Related words: sonci, xarci

jerna — x_1(entity) deserves, earns salary or payment x_{2(entity, property of x1)} for work x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jerna — deserving. lo se jerna — deserved, salary.

i do jerna le ka se sinma vau le ka carmi gunka — You are worth being respected for your hard work.

i mi pu jerna le rupnu be li pa no no le ka lumci lei palta — I earned 100 dollars for washing the dishes.

Comment: jerna doesn't imply that one is actually paid for the work. pleji is for actual paying.

Related words: jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji

jersi — x_1(entity) chases x_2(entity)

lo jersi — chaser. lo se jersi — chased.

i lei gerku cu jersi pa lorxu — Dogs are in pursuit of a fox.

i e'o do jersi mi — Please, follow me.

Related words: kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne

jesni — x_1(entity) is a needle ...

lo jesni — needle.

i gau mi tunta fa le tamji be mi pa jesni — I pricked my thumb with a needle.

Related words: konju, pijne, jipno, kinli

jetnu — x_{1(proposition)} is true by standard x_{2(proposition)}

lo jetnu — true.

i pa da poi prije prenu zo'u le mi'u du'u le remna cu xendo cu jetnu le se jinvi be da — According to one wise person, it's true that all humans are kind.

i u'a la'e di'u se jetnu le du'u mi drani — Aha, that proves that I am right.

Related words: stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika

jgalu — x_1(entity) is a claw of x_2(entity)

lo jgalu — claw, nail, fingernail.

i le mi'u cipni cu se jgalu le kinli — The bird has sharp claws.

Related words: denci, jirna, batci

jganu — x_1(entity) is an angle from vertex x_2(entity) subtended by lateral x_3(entity)

lo jganu — angle. lo se jganu — vertex of an angle. lo te jganu — lateral of an angle.

i ti jganu me'o a bu le mitre be li pi mu gi'e stero be li re — This is an angle from vertex A having the lateral of 0.5 meters and subtending two steradians.

Related words: kojna, linji, konju, mokca

jgari — x_1(entity) holds, clutches x_2(entity) ...

lo jgari — holder. lo se jgari — held.

i le mi'u nakni mo'u co'a jgari le stedu be la alis se pi'o le xance be le mi'u nakni — He grasped Alice's head with his hand.

Related words: ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju

jgena — x_1(entity) is a knot in x_2(entity)

lo jgena — knot. lo se jgena — something with a knot.

i ti jgena so'i blanu skori jo'u pa xunre skori — This is a knot of many blue ropes and one red rope.

Related words: pluja, julne, lasna, skori

jgina — x_1(entity) is a gene of x_2(entity) determining trait x_{3(property of x2)}

lo jgina — gene.

i xo da jgina le remna le ka le skapi be ce'u cu skari ma kau — How many genes in humans determine the color of skin?

Related words: cerda

jgira — x_1(entity) feels pride in x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo jgira — proud.

i mi jgira le nu do co'a kakne le ka zgipli le pipno — I am proud that you are now able to play the piano.

Related words: cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada

jgita — x_1(entity) is a guitar or stringed musical instrument with plectrum or bow x_2(entity)

lo jgita — guitar, stringed musical instrument. lo se jgita — bow of a guitar, bow of a stringed musical instrument.

i xu do kakne le ka zgipli le jgita be lei ze mei — Can you play a 7-stringed guitar?

Related words: zgike

ji [conjunction] — asks for the connective (that should go into the place to which ji is put)

i do djica tu'a le ckafi ji le tcati — Do you want tea or coffee (make a choice)?

Related words: a, e, ji, o, u

ji'a [interjection] — too, additionally

i mi ji'a je'a nelci — I like it too.

i le xagji cribe cu citka le insekto ku ji'a sai — A hungry bear will eat even insects.

i ji'a mi citka lo titla — Additionally, I eat sweeties.

i mi citka lo titla ji'a — I eat what is additionally sweet.

i mi citka lo ji'a titla — I eat sweeties among other things.

Comment: ji'a means 'additionally', si'a means 'similarly' implying that there is another salient difference.

Related words: jmina

ji'e [preposition from jimte] — up to limit ..., to the degree of ..., adverb: limitedly

i mi tsali ji'e le nu mi ka'e lafti le pipno — I'm strong to the degree that I can lift the piano.

i la kevin cu ricfu ji'e le nu ri ponse so'i dinju — Kevin is so rich that he owns several houses.

ji'i [digit/number] — approximately ... (number follows; by default the typical value in this context)

i ji'i pa no tadni ca zvati le mi'u kumfa — About 10 students are in the room.

jibni — x_1(entity) is near or close to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jibni — near.

i zo xagri zo tabra cu jibni le ka se smuni — The terms "pipe instrument" and "horn" are close in their meanings.

Comment: See notes for simsa.

Related words: simsa, darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi

jibri — x_{1(property of x2)} is a job of person x_2(entity)

lo jibri — job. lo se jibri — employed, in a job.

i mi se jibri le ka vecnu le grute — I have a job as a fruit seller.

i xu do se jibri le ka sampla — Do you have the job of a programmer?

Comment: lo te jerna is work that is worth paying, lo ve pleji is work actually paid.

Related words: briju, gunka

jicla — x_1(entity) stirs fluid x_2(entity)

i ko jicla le mi'u tcati — Stir the tea.

i ko jicla le mi'u stasu co'u le nu ri febvi — Stir the soup until it boils.

Related words: fanza, tunta, mixre

jicmu — x_{1(event, property of nonce place)} is the fundamental principle, basis of x_{2(event, state)}

lo jicmu — basis, fundamental principle.

i le logji cu jicmu la lojban — Logic is the foundation of Lojban.

i le tcica cu jicmu ro nu jamna — Trickery is the basic of every war.

i le nu zgana gi'e lanli cu jicmu ro saske — Monitoring and analysis is the foundation of every science.

Related words: jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi

jijnu — x_1(entity) intuitively knows x_{2(proposition)} ...

lo se jijnu — intuitively known.

i mi pu jijnu le mi'u du'u le mi'u fetsi cu smusku le jitfa — I knew intuitively that she was lying.

Related words: djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi

jikca — x_1(entity) socializes, interacts socially with x_2(entity)

i ra jikca le so'i prenu gi'e di'i gasnu le te salci — He is a sociable person interacting with many people and regularly organizing parties.

Related words: tarti, penmi

jikni — x_1(entity) is the economic market, system of political body or sector x_2(entity)

lo jikni — economic system.

i le nu frili vecnu cu jikni le vi tutra — Free market is the economy of this region.

Related words: vecnu, cupra, canja, jecta

jikru — x_1(entity) is some liquor distilled from x_2(entity)

lo jikru — strong alcoholic drink, liquor, spirits.

i mi pu pinxe le jikru be le mraji — I drank an alcoholic drink distilled from rye.

Related words: barja, vanju, birje, xalka

jilka — x_1(entity) is a quantity of alkali of metal x₂

lo jilka — alkali.

i mi pu lumci le palta se pi'o le jilka be le sodna — I washed dishes using soda.

Related words: sodna, bakri, sodva

jilra — x_1(entity) is envious or jealous of x_2(entity) about x_{3(property of x2)}

lo jilra — envious, jealous.

i mi pu jilra le bruna be mi le se frili poi tai ke'a tavla fa ce'u bau la lojban — I envied the ease at which my brother talked in Lojban.

Related words: cinmo

jimca — x_1(entity) is a branch of x_2(entity)

lo jimca — branch.

i le jimca be le za'u vi tricu cu snime blabi — Branches of these trees are snow white.

Related words: birka, rebla, tuple

jimpe — x_1(entity) understands x_{2(proposition)} about x_3(entity)

i mi na jimpe zo'ei do — I don't understand you.

i mi na jimpe le smuni be le se cusku be do — I don't understand the meaning of said by you.

Related words: djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska

jimte — x_1(entity) is a limit or border of x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2, has two places for ce'u)}

lo jimte — limit. lo se jimte — something with a limit.

i ti noi mokca cu jimte mi le ka mo'u se klama — This point is the limit that I can reach.

Related words: ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, e'ande, fanta, jbini

jinci — x_1(entity) are shears or scissors for cutting x_2(entity)

lo jinci — scissors.

i ti jinci le pelji — These are scissors for cutting paper.

Related words: katna

jinga — x_1(entity) wins prize x_{2(event, property of x1)} from competitors x_3(entity) in competition x_4(clause)

lo jinga — winner. lo se jinga — prize won.

i la alis pu jinga le ralju le drata nixli pa nu vi'i ve'u bajra — Alice won the main prize gaining the victory over other girls in a long distant race.

Comment: x₁ together with x₃ form the full set of competitors.

Related words: cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci

jinku — x_1(entity) is a vaccine protecting x_2(entity) against x_{3(property of x2)} introduced by method x_{4(property of x1)}

lo jinku — vaccine. lo se jinku — vaccinated. lo te jinku — disease prevented by vaccine. lo ve jinku — method of vaccination.

i ti jinku le remna tu'a le vidru le ka se setca fi le ciblu — This a vaccine for human use, it protects against viruses and is to be injected into the blood.

Related words: jinku, jurme, kanro, mikce, senci, kafke, jesni, bilma

jinme — x_1(entity) is a quantity of metal ...

lo jinme — metal.

i ti noi grana cu jinme — This rod is metallic.

i le slami cu daspo le jinme — Acid destroys metal.

Related words: cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodva

jinru — x_1(entity) is immersed or submerged in liquid x_2(entity)

lo jinru — immersed.

i le mi'u ba'o tricu pu jinru le djacu — The stump was immersed in the water.

Related words: lumci, nenri, jinsa

jinsa — x_1(entity) is clean of material x_2(entity) ...

lo jinsa — clean.

i mi pu jai gau jinsa fai le mi'u jubme lei palta — I cleared the table of dishes.

Related words: lumci, jinru, curve, sepli

jinto — x_1(entity) is a well or spring of fluid x_2(entity) ...

lo jinto — well (of fluid), spring (of fluid). lo se jinto — fluid of a well, spring water.

i ti jinto le jinsa djacu — This is a spring of clean water.

Related words: krasi, djacu, fenra

jinvi — x_1(entity) has an opinion that x_{2(proposition)} is true about x_3(entity) on grounds x_{4(proposition)}

lo jinvi — having an opinion. lo se jinvi — opinion.

i mi pu darsi le ka tugni ra pa se jinvi be ra — I dared to support his opinion.

i mi jinvi le ka na jinga vau la alis le mi'u du'u ri tatpi — I think Alice won't win since she is tired.

Comment: jinvi requires some sort of evidence, real or fancied, unlike krici. For thinking (musing upon something) use pensi.

Related words: pe'i, djuno, krici, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka

jinzi — x_{1(property of x2)} is an innate or natural property of x_2(entity)

lo jinzi — intrinsic, innate, character (property), nature (property).

i le mi'u fetsi cu se jinzi le ka certu le ka zgipli — She has a natural talent for playing the music.

i do se jinzi le ka badri — You are a boring person.

Related words: lakne, rarna, stati, ka'e, tcaci

jipci — x_1(entity) is a chicken of species x_2(taxon)

lo jipci — chicken.

i le jipci cu nelci le tsiju — Chickens like seeds.

Related words: cipni

jipno — x_1(entity) is a tip or point on object x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo jipno — tip.

i mi pu pencu le mi'u plise se pi'o le jipno be le mi tance — I touched the apple with the tip of my tongue.

i le jipno be le nazbi be mi mo'u dunja — The tip of my nose is frozen.

Related words: mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi

jirna — x_1(entity) is a horn of body x_2(entity)

lo jirna — horn.

i le mi'u mirli cu se jirna le clani — The deer has long horns.

Related words: jgalu, bongu

jisra — x_1(entity) is some juice from x_2(entity)

lo jisra — juice.

i bu'u ma te vecnu le jisra be le grute — Where can one buy fruit juice?

Related words: pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi

jitfa — x_{1(proposition)} is false by standard or epistemology x_{2(proposition)}

lo jitfa — false.

i le mi'u du'u le mi'u nanla cu se slabu la alis cu jitfa le mi'u du'u le mi'u nanla cu kucli le nu la alis cu mo kau — It's false that the boy is familiar with Alice since he is wondering who she is.

Related words: fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika

jitro — x_1(entity) has control over x_2(entity) in activity x_{3(property of x2)}

lo jitro — in control. lo se jitro — under control.

i le jatna be mi cu jitro mi le ka gunka ti — My boss controls me in working on this.

i lei pulji cu jitro le sruri — The police controls the surroundings.

Comment: gidva - does not necessarily control or command.

Related words: bapli, te bende, gidva, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura

jivbu — x_1(entity) weaves x_2(entity) from material x_3(entity)

lo te jivbu — yarn for weaving.

i le ankabuta cu jivbu le julne le se cigla be fi vo'a — Spiders weave nets from secrets of their glands.

Related words: fenso, nivji

jivna — x_1(entity) competes with competitors x_2(entity) in contest x_3(clause) for the reward x_4(entity)

lo jivna — competitor. lo se jivna — opponent in a competition. lo te jivna — competition. lo ve jivna — prize in a competition.

i la alis pu jivna le drata nixli pa nu vi'i ve'u bajra vau le ka cpacu le jdini — Alice competed with other girls in a long distance race with a monetary prize for the winner.

Related words: cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci

jmagutci — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) feet in length/height/... in standard x_3(entity) ...

i le jubme cu jmagutci li re le'e glico — The table is two English feet in size.

Related words: minli, clani, ganra, rotsu, condi, mitre, dekpu, merli, bunda, kramu

jmaji — x_{1(entity group)} gather at location x_2(entity) from locations x_{3(entity group)}

lo jmaji — gatherers. lo se jmaji — location of gathering.

i le jbopre pu jmaji pa dinju le vrici gugde — Lojbanists from various countries gathered in a house.

Related words: crepu

jmifa — x_1(entity) is a shoal or reef ...

lo jmifa — shoal.

i pu zdile fa le ka limna vi lei jmifa — It was amusing to swim near the reefs.

Related words: caxno

jmina — x_1(entity) combines or adds x_{2(entity, property of x3)} to x_3(entity) with result x_{4(entity, property of x3)}

i le mi'u sfofa cu jmina le ka se kufra vau le mi'u kumfa — The sofa adds comfort to the room.

i mi ba jmina le so'o crino spati le mi'u nanba le pa snuji — I will add some greenery to bread getting a sandwich.

Related words: zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca

jmive — x_1(entity) is alive in that it does x_{2(property of x1)}

lo jmive — alive, living being.

i le mi'u danlu cu jmive le ka ruble muvdu — The animal is alive since it is weakly moving.

Related words: lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju

jo [conjunction] — both or none

i ai mi te vecnu le karce poi kargu jo cnino — I'm going to buy an expensive car if and only if it is new (or not to buy any cars if they don't satisfy this condition).

jo nai [conjunction] — either ... or ...

i mi tavla i jo nai do tavla — Either I talk or you talk.

jo'a [interjection] — the clause can make sense in meaning (metalinguistic affirmer)

i lu xu le mi'u prenu noi sanli vi tu noi dinju cu ninmu li'u lu jo'a i mi na djuno li'u — "Is the person standing near that building a woman?" "Good question! I don't know! (there is a person standing near the building, the question of whether it's a woman is applicable)."

Comment: na'i is metalinguistic negation.

Related words: drani

jo'e [conjunction] — forms union of sets

i e'o doi io le ninmu jo'e le ctuca ko cliva le mi'u kumfa — Respected women and teachers, please, leave the room.

jo'u [conjunction] — in common with ..., along with ...

i do jo'u mi casnu le za'u bangu — You together with me discussed languages (not necessarily with each other but just taken as a single entity).

joi [conjunction] — mixed together with ..., forming a mass ... (forms mixed mass)

i ti du le sovda joi le purmo — This is a mass of eggs and flour.

jorne — x_1(entity) is joined to x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo jorne — tightened, connected, tied, joined, fastened.

i la alis cu jorne pa stizu pa skori — Alice is tied to a chair with a rope.

i ko jorne la'e me'o so pa pa — Call 911!

i mi ba jorne do ba le nu mi cliva le ckule — I will call you after I leave the school.

Comment: x₁ and x₂ form a union.

Related words: lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi

ju [conjunction] — whether or not

i ei zukte i ju le mi'u nanmu cu klama — Let's do it whether or not he comes.

ju'a [interjection] — I state (non-specified source of information)

i la alis cu jinvi le du'u ju'a le mi'u nakni cu fenki — Alice has an opinion that the man is crazy, and it is so, I say.

Comment: ju'a is always assumed to be present in the main clause. Inner clauses within places are not stated with ju'a unless explicitly specified..

Related words: xusra

ju'e [conjunction] — forms two independent sentences

i mi ju'e do casnu le za'u bangu — I discussed languages. You discussed languages.

Comment: mi ju'e do klama means the same as mi klama .i do klama.

ju'i [vocative] — Hey! Psst! Ahem! Attention!, ju'i cu'i — At ease!, ju'i nai — Ignore me! Nevermind!

i ju'i le nixli ma cmene do — Hey, girl, what is your name?

i ju'i cu'i sonci — At ease, soldiers.

i mi co'a si'u nai jimpe ju'i nai — I understood myself, never mind.

ju'o [interjection] — I'm sure (certainty), ju'o cu'i — maybe, perhaps (uncertainty), ju'o nai — I have no idea! (lack of certainty)

i ju'o do pu pensi da — You must have thought of something.

i ju'o cu'i le mi'u nakni cu zukte se va'u le fetsi — Maybe, he is doing it for her, I'm not sure.

i ju'o nai xu le tai valsi cu se pilno — Are such words used? I have no idea!

Related words: birti, cumki

jubme — x_1(entity) is a table ...

lo jubme — table.

i xu da kunti jubme — Is there a free table?

Related words: ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu

judri — x_1(entity) is an address of x_2(entity) in system x_3(entity)

lo judri — address. lo te judri — address system.

i ma judri do le tcadu — What is your city address?

i ma judri do le kibro ve mrilu — What is your e-mail address?

Related words: tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi

jufra — x_1(text) is a sentence or statement about x_2(entity) in language x_3(entity)

lo jufra — sentence. lo se jufra — topic of a sentence. lo te jufra — language of a sentence.

i lu i le mlatu cu pinxe li'u jufra le danlu la lojban — i lo mlatu cu pinxe is a sentence about animals in Lojban language.

Related words: valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni

jukpa — x_1(entity) cooks or prepares food x_2(entity) by recipe x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jukpa — cook. lo se jukpa — cooked food. lo te jukpa — recipe for cooking.

i le mi'u mamta pu jukpa pa torta le ka punji pa pu'o torta le toknu — Mother cooked a cake by putting a raw "cake" in the oven.

Comment: x₂ is the result of cooking, the product ready to use.

Related words: cupra, bredi

julne — x_1(entity) is a filter passing x_2(entity) and prohibiting x_3(entity) ...

lo julne — filter.

i ti julne fi le finpe — This is a fishing net.

i tu julne le djacu le rismi — That is a colander that lets the water pass and retains rice.

Related words: kombitu, ciste, jgena

jundi — x_1(entity) pays attention to x_2(entity)

lo jundi — attentive. lo se jundi — object of attention.

i mi pu jundi le nu ra pu cusku ma kau — I was attentive at was he was saying.

Related words: kurji, zvati

jungo — x_1(entity) is Chinese in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo jungo — Chinese.

i le mi'u fetsi cu jungo le ka tcila be le flira be ce'u — The girl is Chinese in her face features.

Related words: xazdo

junla — x_1(entity) is a timer, clock measuring time units x_2(entity) ...

lo junla — clock, timer, watch (timer). lo se junla — unit of time.

i ti junla le snidu be li pi mu — This clock measures seconds to the precision of 0.5 seconds.

Comment: x₂ can be show the precision to which time units are measured.

Related words: cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci

junpero — x_1(entity) is a juniper (genus Juniperus) of species x_2(taxon)

i mi pu jmina so'o jimca be le junpero le fagri — I added some juniper twigs to the fire.

Comment: Some junipers are commonly called "cedars".

Related words: spati, tricu, ckunu

junri — x_1(entity) is earnest about x_{2(event, state, action)}

lo junri — someone serious, earnest.

i xu do junri le ka te mukti le ka cliva le bu'u gugde — Are you serious in your intent to leave this country?

Related words: tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli

junta — x_1(entity) is the weight of x_{2(entity group)} in field x₃

lo junta — weight.

i le gunka pe le kensa cu se junta le ki'ogra be li pa no no le mi'u terdi — The space worker weights 100 kilograms in the gravity of the Earth.

Related words: grake, linto, tilju, bunda

jurme — x_1(entity) is a bacteria or germ of species x_2(taxon)

lo jurme — bacteria.

i le mi'u lanli pu pilno le jurme le cipra — The researcher used bacteria for tests.

Related words: vidru

jursa — x_{1(event, action, state)} is harsh or severe to x_2(entity)

lo jursa — harsh event.

i le ka jivna pu jursa mi — Competition was fierce for me.

Related words: gunta, vlile

jutsi — x_1(entity) is a taxon of super-taxon x_2(entity) ; x₁ is a species of genus x₂, family x₃, etc. ...

lo jutsi — taxon, species.

i mi zgana le cinki poi jutsi ro da — I watch insects of all kinds.

Comment: this verb potentially has infinite number of places.

Related words: klesi, lanzu

juxre — x_1(entity) is clumsy in doing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo juxre — clumsy.

i mi pu ca'o juxre le ka muvdu — I was getting clumsy in my movements.

i le mi'u fonxa pu juxre le ka se pilno — The phone was clumsy to use.

Related words: sluji, muvdu

jvinu — x_1(entity) is a view of x_2(entity) from viewpoint x_3(entity)

lo jvinu — view. lo te jvinu — viewpoint.

i le jvinu be le xamsi bei le kumfa pe mi cu banli — I have a great view of the sea from my room.

Related words: catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco

jy [pronoun] — j (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like jy is for the last lo jorne used.

ka [clause prefix] — turn clause into infinitive

i mi djica le ka sipna — I want to sleep.

i la alis cu nitcu le ka te dunda le birje — Alice needs to be given beer.

i ta'i ku do ba cirko le ka sinma ce'u — This way you will lose respect.

i le ka pendo ku po'o cu tadji le ka se pendo — The only way to have a friend is to be a friend.

Comment: x_{1 (property)} is the property of the clause that follows. Has at least one ce'u inside being applied to a noun of the outer clause. ka without a ce'u inside is the same as ka ce'u. Used to express infinitives.

ka bu — refers to the last ka-clause used

i mi je'a djica le ka tadni i ku'i ka bu nandu mi — I do want to study. But it's difficult to me.

ka'ai [preposition from kansa] — with ..., with a companion ...

i mi cadzu ka'ai le gerku — I walk with a dog.

ka'e [preposition of potential] — possibly can ...

i ro da ka'e te tavla — Everything can be talked about.

Comment: not necessarily innately capable, might describe what can potentially happen to the thing described.

ka'o [digit/number] — imaginary i, square root of -1

i li te'o te'a vei ka'o pi'i pai ve'o su'i pa du li no — e^{(i × π)} +1 = 0.

ka'u [interjection] — I know by cultural means (myth, custom)

i ka'u so'a prenu cu xebni da — We know that most people hate something.

Related words: kulnu

kabri — x_1(entity) is a cup or mug containing x_2(entity) ...

lo kabri — cup. lo se kabri — content of a cup.

i e'o do te cpacu le pa kabri be le ckafi mi — Please, give me a cup of coffee.

Comment: lo kabri is normally lifted when eaten from it, lo palta is not.

Related words: palta, citka, blaci, tansi

kacma — x_1(entity) is a camera recording images of illumination type x_2(entity) to medium x_3(entity)

lo kacma — camera.

i ti kacma le mi'u tcadu pa datni centero — This is a camera recording images of the city to a data center.

Related words: lenjo

kafke — x_1(entity) coughs, farts, burps x_2(entity) from orifice x_3(entity)

i ra pu kafke le barda le ganxo — He made a big fart.

Related words: bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu

kagni — x_1(entity) is a company, corporation chartered by authority x_2(entity) for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kagni — company, corporation, business (company). lo te kagni — business (commercial activity).

i pa kagni be le jbopre bei le nu kakpa le ctile pu zvafa'i le ctile le loldi be le xamsi — The Lojbanists' chartered oil drilling company discovered oil at the bed of the sea.

Related words: cuntu, bende, girzu, kansa, kamni, banxa

kai [preposition from ckaji] — characterizing ..., with ... having this property

i zildukse kai le kilto be le grake — One kilogram was too much.

Comment: in the clause where kai is used the first unfilled place is applied to the noun that kai tags, the clause itself is the property characterizing the noun after kai; subject case tag.

kajde — x_{1(event, experience of x2)} warns x_2(entity) of danger x_{3(event, state, property of nonce place)}

i lei rirni pu kajde mi'a le ba vlile tcima — Parents warned us about heavy weather.

Related words: ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura

kajna — x_1(entity) is a shelf or counter on x_2(entity) ...

lo kajna — shelf.

i mi pu punji le mi'u pelji le mi'u kajna be le fagri stuzi — I put the paper on the mantel.

Related words: balni

kakne — x_1(entity) is capable of doing x_{2(event of x2, state of x2)} ...

lo kakne — capable, able.

i mi na kakne le ka sipna — I can't sleep.

i le mamta be mi ku po'o cu kakne le ka jai bapli le nu mi cliva — Only my mother has power to make me leave.

Comment: for e.g. "I can't wait" ka'e is more appropriate. kakne is about ability. vlipa is to be powerful enough to bring about events in other entities.

Related words: vlipa, stati, certu, gasnu, ka'e, nu'o, pu'i, djuno, zifre

kakpa — x_1(entity) digs x_2(entity) out of x_3(entity) ...

lo kakpa — digger.

i la tom pu jai se bapli fai le ka kakpa pa karce pe vo'a le snime — Tom had to dig his car out of the snow.

Related words: katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku

kalci — x_1(entity) is excrement or feces of x_2(entity)

lo kalci — excrement.

i le kalci be le bakni cu jai rinka le nu le dertu cu ferti — Cow dung makes soil fertile.

Related words: ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi

kalri — x_1(entity) is open, giving access to place x_2(entity) for object x_3(entity)

lo kalri — open.

i le mi'u canko cu kalri le nenri le vifne vacri — The window is open letting the fresh air in.

i gau ko kalri fa le mi'u canko — Open the window.

i ko jai gau kalri fai le mi'u canko — Open the window.

Related words: ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme

kalsa — x_1(entity) is a chaos, chaotic in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kalsa — chaos, chaotic.

i le kumfa pe mi cu kalsa le ka bu'u ce'u le bukpu pe mi cu zvati ma kau — My room is a mess (in where are my clothes).

Related words: cunso, cnici

kalte — x_1(entity) hunts prey x_2(entity) for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kalte — hunter. lo se kalte — prey.

i lei mi'u certu pu kalte le finpe le ka lanli ri — The researches were hunting fishes to study them.

Related words: jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi

kamju — x_1(entity) is a column ...

lo kamju — pillar.

i le mi'u pa kamju cu sarji le korbi be le mi'u drudi — The column supports the edge of the roof.

Related words: ckana, garna, sanli, slanu

kamni — x_1(entity) is a committee with task x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo kamni — committee. lo se kamni — purpose of a committee.

i le mi'u kamni be le ka jai gau farvi le mi'u bangu cu gunma za'u pa no prenu — There are more than 10 members in the committee for developing the language.

Related words: bende, kagni

kampu — x_{1(property of x2)} is universal among x_{2(entity, full set)}

lo kampu — common, general, universal. lo se kampu — group with something in common.

i pa da zo'u le ka dasni da cu kampu ro tadni — Wearing the same uniform is common for every student.

Related words: fadni, cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu

kanba — x_1(entity) is a goat of species x_2(taxon)

lo kanba — goat.

i le mi'u cirla cu se zbasu fi le ladru be le kanba — The cheese is made from goat's milk.

Related words: lanme, sunla

kancu — x_1(entity) counts the number in x_{2(entity, full set)} to be x_3(number) by units x_{4(property of x2)}

i mi pu kancu le mi'u prenu li pa re le ka re mei — I counted the people as 12 couples.

Related words: namcu, satci, merli

kandi — x_1(entity) is dim, non-intense in x_{2(property of x1)} received by observer x_3(entity)

lo kandi — dim, non-intense.

i fi mi fa le mi'u valsi cu kandi le ka se smuni — To me the word is dim in meaning.

Related words: blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, cermurse, vacmurse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu

kanla — x_1(entity) is an eye of x_2(entity)

lo kanla — eye.

i la alis cu se kanla le barda je melbi — Alice has big beautiful eyes.

Related words: jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte

kanpe — x_1(entity) expects x_2(clause) with likelihood x_{3(number: from 0 to 1, by default li so'a, i.e. near 1)}

i fi li so'u fa mi pu kanpe le nu do clira volta — I didn't expect you to return early.

i le nu mi mo'u klama cu pu na ku se kanpe su'o da — My arrival wasn't expected by anyone.

Comment: expecting here may imply even undesirable events that are nevertheless expected to occur.

Related words: djica, pacna, lakne, cunso, fau, da'i

kanro — x_1(entity) is healthy or well in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kanro — healthy.

i mi kanro le ka na cortu le galxe — I'm healthy in that my throat doesn't ache.

Related words: bilma, mikce

kansa — x_1(entity) accompanies x_2(entity) in state x_{3(event of x1 and x2, state of x1 and x2)}

i le mi'u gerku pe mi fe'e ro roi kansa mi — My dog is everywhere with me.

i ro roi pu pluka fa le ka kansa do le ka gunka — It was pleasant to work with you.

Related words: kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna

kantu — x_1(entity) is a quantum of x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kantu — quantum.

i mi pu xaksu re kantu be le cacra ta'i le ka denpa tu'a do — I wasted two hours waiting for you.

i ti du le re kantu be le makfa — Here are two pieces of magic.

Comment: selci is for masses and most objects.

Related words: selci, ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji

karce — x_1(entity) is a car, truck, van for carrying x_2(entity) ...

lo karce — car, truck, van. lo se karce — cargo of a car.

i ti karce le festi — It's a trash truck.

i do te mukti le ka te vecnu le pa karce pe ma noi kagni — A car of what company are you going to buy?

Comment: karce and carce are designed to be with wheels, marce isn't and is more generic.

Related words: carce, xislu, marce, sabnu

karda — x_1(entity) is a card ...

lo karda — card.

i xu ka'e pleji se pi'o le dejni karda — Is it possible to pay with a credit card?

Related words: matci, tapla, plita

kargu — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is expensive to x_2(entity) ...

lo kargu — expensive.

i le ka tai litru cu kargu mi se la'u li du'e — Such trip is too expensive to me.

Related words: vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu

karli — x_1(entity) is a belt or collar surrounding x_2(entity) ...

lo karli — collar.

i le mi'u fetsi pu punji pa karli le sruri be le cintura — She put a waist around her waist.

Related words: sruri, djine

karni — x_1(entity) is a newspaper, magazine with content x_2(entity) ...

lo karni — journal, newspaper, magazine, press (media). lo se karni — contents of a magazine.

i mi tcidu pa karni be le pu zi nuzba — I'm reading a magazine about recent news.

Related words: papri, pelji, tcidu

katna — x_1(entity) cuts x_2(entity) into pieces x_3(entity)

i mi pu katna le mi'u nanba le pa no mei — I cut the bread into 10 pieces.

Comment: sraku is for cutting into without division.

Related words: kakpa, sraku, plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu

kau [interjection] — marks word as an indirect question

i mi djuno le du'u ma kau darxi ba'e la alis — I know who hit Alice (not someone else).

i mi pu na birti le nu xo kau prenu cu zvati — I wasn't sure how many people were present.

kavbu — x_1(entity) captures x_2(entity) with trap x_3(entity)

lo te kavbu — trap used for capture.

i mi pu kavbu le ka bilma fi la zukam vau le ka cadzu bu'u le bartu — I caught cold by walking outside.

i le mi'u nanla pu kavbu le mi'u bolci pa xance — The boy caught the ball with one hand.

Comment: kalte is to hunt, jersi is to follow, to chase.

Related words: jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju

ke — starts a new group inside a construct

i ko catlu le barda ke se kanla melbi — Look at the big beauty-with-eyes.

i ko catlu le barda se kanla melbi — Look at the beauty with big eyes.

i la alis e ke la kevin a la edvard ba vitke le nu penmi — Alice and either Kevin or Eduard will visit the meeting.

i la alis e la kevin a la edvard ba vitke le nu penmi — Either Alice and Kevin or Eduard will visit the meeting.

i au do jukpa le nanba gi'e ke lumci le mi'u kumfa gi'o nai cadzu ka'ai le mi'u gerku — I wish you cooked the bread and either cleaned the room or walked with the dog.

Related words: bo

ke'a [pronoun] — shows the head (noun) of the clause, to which this relative clause is attached

i mi pu vitke pa dinju poi bu'u ke'a mi'a se zdani ze'a le nanca be li so'o — I visited a house where we lived for several years.

ke'e [terminator] — ends a construct started with: ke

ke'o [vocative] — Eh? Please repeat!, ke'o nai — I heard you. No need to repeat

i ke'o do mi pu na tirna — Eh? What did you say? I didn't hear.

i ke'o nai do mi co'i te benji ro da — All right, no need to repeat, I got everything.

ke'u [interjection] — I repeat, as I already said, ke'u nai — furthermore, what is more (continuing)

i ke'u mi na tugni do — I repeat, I don't agree with you.

i ke'u nai mi se zdani na ku le tcadu — Furthermore, I live not in a city.

Related words: basna, krefu, rapli

kecti — x_1(entity) feels sorry for x_2(entity) about x_{3(proposition)}

i mi kecti do le mi'u nu do fliba le ka jinga — I feel sorry for you that you failed to win.

Related words: cinmo, xendo

kei [terminator] — ends a construct started with: nu

kelci — x_1(entity) plays game x_2(entity)

lo kelci — player. lo se kelci — game (played).

i xu do kelci la fudbol — Do you play soccer?

Related words: keltci, jivna, jinga, zdile

keltci — x_1(entity) ia a toy played by x_2(entity)

lo keltci — player. lo se keltci — game (played).

i pa nixli ca'o zukte le ka se keltci le bambola pe vo'a — A girl is playing with her doll.

Comment: use kelci for playing games, of which keltci may be a component.

Related words: kelci, bambola, verba, zdile, jivna, jinga

kelvo — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) degrees Kelvin ...

i le vacri ca kelvo li ji'i re ze ci — It's around 273 degrees Kelvin (0 degrees Celsius).

Comment: temperature in Kelvin is temperature in Celsius + 273 (approximately). Temperature in Celsius is temperature in Kelvin - 273 (approximately).

Related words: gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, centi

kenra — x_1(entity) is a cancer disease in x_2(entity)

lo kenra — cancer.

i le kenra be le tatru ka'e mo'u te mikce — Breast cancer can be cured.

Related words: bilma, mikce, spita

kensa — x_1(entity) is outer space near x_2(entity)

lo kensa — outer space.

i so'i mluni cu vofli bu'u le kensa be le mi'u terdi — There are many satellites flying in outer space near the Earth.

Related words: canlu, munje, terdi, tsani

kerfa — x_1(entity) is the hair of x_2(entity) ...

lo kerfa — hair, fur.

i le kerfa be mi cu clani — My hair is long.

Related words: skapi, sunla, pimlu

kerlo — x_1(entity) is an ear of x_2(entity)

lo kerlo — ear.

i doi le gerku ko na pencu le kerlo be mi — Dog, don't touch my ears!

Related words: kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu

kernelo — x_1(entity) is a kernel, nucleus, 'nut' of x_2(entity) ; x₁ is central

lo kernelo — kernel, nucleus.

i le kernelo be le mi'u terdi cu glare — The core of the Earth is hot.

Comment: lo midju is center point, lo centero is central subset (of a set or territory), lo kernelo is core.

ketco — x_1(entity) is South American in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ketco — South American.

i ti'e le mi'u fetsi cu klama fi pa ketco gugde ku i'u cu'i — They say she is from some South American country.

Related words: brazo, spano

kevna — x_1(entity) is a cavity or hole in x_2(entity)

lo kevna — cavity, hole.

i da kevna le mi'u drudi — There is a hole in the roof.

Related words: fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu

ki [preposition] — sets the default tense. As a preposition sets the viewpoint in time-space

i le mi'u dinju cu darno ki mi — The house is far from me.

ki'a [interjection question] — Huh? (confusion about something said), ki'a nai — I understand (understanding about something said)

i lu mi pu te vecnu pa granate li'u lu granate ki'a li'u — "I bought granate." "Huh, granate?"

i lu sa'u le mi'u verba cu mutce le ka tatpi li'u lu ki'a nai li'u — "The child is just very tired." "I understand."

Related words: cfipu, kucli

ki'ai [vocative] — makes a nonce (for this case) interjection out of the following sumti or selbri

i ki'ai salam — Salam!

ki'e [vocative] — Thank you! Thanks!, ki'e cu'i — No thanks to you, ki'e nai — resentment

i ki'e sai do — Thank you very much!

i do pu mutce sidju mi ki'e sai do — You helped me a lot, thank you very much!

i mi si'u nai mo'u zvafa'i ki'e cu'i la alis — I found myself, no thanks to you, Alice.

i ki'e cu'i do mi pu ku ca le se tcika mo'u klama — I arrived on time, no thanks to you.

i mi jai lerci ki'e nai la kevin — I was late, and that's because of you, bastard Kevin.

ki'o [digit/number] — number comma; shows groups of 3 digits each in decimal number

i pa ki'o mu no no prenu cu tadni ti noi ckule — One thousand and five hundred (1,500) people study in this school.

ki'ogra — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) kilograms in weight

i lei mi'u plise cu ki'ogra li re — The apples are 2 kilograms in weight.

Related words: kilto, grake

ki'otre — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) kilometers in x_{3(property of x1)}

i ti noi dargu cu ki'otre li pa le ka clani — This box is one kilometer in length.

Related words: kilto, mitre

ki'u [preposition from krinu] — because of reason ..., adverb: justifiably

i mi na ka'e tavla do i ki'u bo mi zvati le mi'u briju — I can't talk to you since I'm in the office.

kibro — x_1(entity) pertains to the internet in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kibro — internet.

i pa pendo be mi cu finti pa karni poi kibro le ka se benji fu ma kau — A friend of mine is an author of a magazine that is delivered via the internet.

Related words: skami, se tcana, jikca

kicne — x_1(entity) is a cushion ...

lo kicne — cushion.

i ko jgari le kicne gi'e sipna — Take a cushion and go to sleep.

Related words: ckana, matci

kijno — x_1(entity) is some oxygen

lo kijno — oxygen.

i le kijno joi le cidro cu se gunma le djacu — Oxygen and hydrogen make water.

Related words: jelca, vacri, vasxu

kilto — x_1(entity) is a thousand of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kilto — 1000.

i le mi'u xamsi cu kilto be le mitre le ka condi — The sea is 1'000 meters deep.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

kinli — x_1(entity) is sharp at location x_2(entity)

lo kinli — sharp.

i le mi'u balre cu kinli le jipno — The tip of the blade is sharp.

Related words: balre, dakfu, jesni

klaji — x_1(entity) is a street or alley at x_2(entity) allowing access to x_3(entity)

lo klaji — street, avenue, alley.

i ti ralju klaji le mi'u tcadu le vrici zarci — This is the main street of the city giving access to various shops.

Related words: panka, pluta, dargu, naxle

klaku — x_1(entity) weeps or cries tears x_2(entity) ...

lo se klaku — tear wept.

i ra pu klaku le barda — She cried large tears.

Related words: badri, krixa

klama — x_1(entity) goes to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) via the route x_{4(entity set)} using means x_5(entity)

lo klama — passenger, goer, rider. lo se klama — destination of a ride. lo te klama — origin of a ride. lo ve klama — route, track. lo xe klama — vehicle.

i xu do klama fi la nipon — Are you from Japan?

i le mi'u dargu cu se kruca le pu ve klama be le ractu — The road crossed what was the rabbit's track.

i mi'a pu klama fu pa bloti fo pa lalxu fi le mi'u zdani fe pa daplu — We sailed on the boat along the lake from the home to an island.

i mi pu klama fi la nipon fu le vinji — I flew from Japan.

i xu do pu klama fu le aftobuso fe la paris — Did you ride the bus to Paris?

i le mi'u nakni pu klama le nenri — He came in.

Comment: if the destination is away from the speaker, klama means to go; if the destination is near the speaker, klama means to come

Related words: cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, se ka'a, te ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke

klani — x_1(entity) is measured by x_2(number) on x_{3(property of x1 with kau)}

lo se klani — amount, quantity, level (degree or amount).

i le mi'u pa mlatu cu klani li pi mu le ka mitre ma kau le ka clani — The cat is measured 0.5 meters in length.

i lei mi'u mlatu cu klani li ci le ka gunma ma kau i je va'i le mi'u mlatu cu vo mei — The mass of the cats is measured as having 4 units, in other words, there are 4 cats.

Comment: to specify the number of object loi is usually used in x₁ of klani. To specify size fill x₃ of klani.

Related words: pa, namcu

klesi — x_1(entity) is a type, kind, class of x_{2(same type as x1)} defined by x_{3(property of x1)}

lo klesi — subset, type, kind, class.

i mi cmima le klesi be le se zdani bei le ka vecnu — I belong to the merchant class of inhabitants.

i do na klesi lei se nelci be mi — You are not my type.

i ti su'o si'e su'o drata klesi be le notci — This is another type of message.

Related words: me, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici

klina — the medium x_1(entity) is transparent, clear, penetratable to signal x_2(entity)

lo klina — clear, penetrable, transparent.

i le vacri pu klina le darno voksa — The air was clean to pass a distant voice.

i le mi'u nanla pu klina le ka te smuni ma kau — The boy was pretty clear in what he meant.

Comment: lo na zunti is unhindered.

Related words: kandi, zunti

kliru — x_1(entity) is a quantity of halogen ...

lo kliru — halogen.

i la iodi'um cu kliru — Iodine is a halogen.

Related words: xukmi

kliti — x_1(entity) is some clay ...

lo kliti — clay.

i xu do mo'u zbasu le mi'u kabri le ranti kliti — Have you worked the cup out of soft clay?

Related words: dertu, pesxu, staku

kluza — x_1(entity) is loose, bloused on x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kluza — loose.

i le mi'u creka pu kluza mi le ka se pagbu le tubnu — The shirt was loose on me in sleeves.

Related words: tagji, trati, rinju

ko [pronoun] — you !, make it true so that you ... (imperative 'you')

i ko kurji ko — Take care of yourself.

i ko sisti — Stop it!

i kukte ko — Enjoy your meal.

i ko dasni le taxfu — Get dressed.

Comment: doesn't necessarily imply a command. Can be used for mild requests too.

ko'a [pronoun] — 1st pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

i ko'a e ko'e e ko'i e ko'o e ko'u prenu i je ko'a fa'u ko'e nelci ko'e fa'u ko'i i je ko'o fa'u ko'u na nelci ko'a fa'u ko'e i je se ni'i bo ko'e se nelci ma — Let ko'a, ko'e, ko'i, ko'o and ko'u be people. Now ko'a and ko'e like ko'e and ko'i respectively, and ko'o and ko'u don't like ko'a and ko'e, respectively. Thus, ko'e is liked by whom?

ko'e [pronoun] — 2nd pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

Related words: ko'a

ko'i [pronoun] — 3rd pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

Related words: ko'a

ko'o [pronoun] — 4th pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

Related words: ko'a

ko'oi [interjection] — imperative

i do o nai ko'oi mi co'a morsi — Either you or I die!

i ko'oi mi'o klama — Let's go!

i le mi'u prenu ku ko'oi citka le mi'u grute — Let him eat the fruit!

i le ko'oi se platu be do cu te snada — Let your plan be successful!

Comment: hortative. ko is a short form of do ko'oi. ko'oi is a broader term than e'o, e'u, e'a, e'e, e'i.

Related words: minde, cpedu, e'ande, pacna, stidi, djica, bilga

ko'u [pronoun] — 5th pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

Related words: ko'a

kobli — x_1(entity) is a cabbage of species x_2(taxon)

lo kobli — cabbage, lettuce.

i mi pu citka le kobli stasu — I ate a cabbage soup.

Related words: stagi

kojna — x_1(entity) is a corner in x_2(entity) ...

lo kojna — corner.

i le mi'u baktu cu jibni pa kojna be le mi'u kumfa — The bucket is in a corner of the room.

Related words: jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo, jganu, krasi

kokso — x_1(entity) is a coconut of variety/cultivar x_2(taxon)

lo kokso — coconut.

i xu do kakne le ka jai gau porpi fai le kokso — Can you crack the coconut?

Related words: grute

kolme — x_1(entity) is a quantity of coal ...

lo kolme — coal.

i le kolme ca'o jelca — Coal is burning.

i mi mo'u xaksu le mi'u kolme — I've used up the coal.

Related words: tabno, tarla

kombitu — x_1(entity) is a comb for doing x_2(clause) with teeth, needles x_3(entity)

lo kombitu — comb. lo te kombitu — tooth of a comb, needle of a comb.

i ti kombitu le nu jai gau cnici fai le kerfa vau le cinla — This is a comb with thin teeth for putting hair in order.

Related words: kerfa, forca

konju — x_1(entity) is a cone with base x_2(entity) and vertex x_3(entity)

lo konju — cone. lo se konju — base of a cone. lo te konju — vertex of a cone.

i le tarci jadni cu te konju fi le mi'u tricu — The star is the tip of the tree.

Related words: jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu

korbi — x_1(entity) is an edge or border between x_{2(entity group)} ...

lo korbi — edge. lo se korbi — something with an edge.

i ti korbi le re rirxe — This is the border between the two rivers.

Related words: greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu

korcu — x_1(entity) is bent or crooked

lo korcu — bent.

i lei cidni be la alis mo'u korcu — Alice's knees buckled.

i le mi'u jukpa pu korcu ga'u le fagri — The cook leaned over the fire.

Related words: cinje, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, genxu

korka — x_1(entity) is some cork from tree x_2(entity)

lo korka — cork.

i le korka be le cindu cu rotsu — The cork of oak trees is thick.

Related words: tricu, calku, skapi, stagi

korvo — x_1(entity) is a crow of species x_2(taxon)

lo korvo — crow, raven.

i le mi'u korvo cu xekri du'i le ka kolme — The raven is black as coal.

Related words: cipni, xekri

kosta — x_1(entity) is a jacket or sweater ...

lo kosta — jacket.

i ko co'a dasni le mi'u kosta — Put the coat on.

Related words: pastu, sunla, taxfu

krali — x_{1(property of x2)} is a legal/moral right of x_2(entity) in legal system x_3(entity)

lo krali — legal right, moral right.

i le prenu poi nanca li su'o po'o pa bi cu se krali le ka co'a speni vau le jecta be le vi gugde — People of not less than 18 years only have a right to marry under the polity of this country.

Related words: flalu, zifre, pikta, zekri

kramu — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) area units in standard x_{3(property of x1)} ...

i le vi foldi cu kramu li re ki'o le ka mitre — This field is 2000 square meters.

Related words: rupnu, fepni, dekpu, jmagutci, minli, merli, bunda

krasi — x_1(entity) is the beginning, the initial stage, first part of x_2(entity)

lo krasi — beginning (first part) of an event.

i le nu zgipli cu krasi le mi'u se tigni — Playing music is the initial part of the performance.

i pa jinto cu krasi ti noi rirxe — A well is the beginning of this river.

i ma krasi do — What is your origin?

Related words: cfari, sisti, fanmo, mulno, denpa, jipno, traji, ra'i, sabji, jinto

krati — x_1(entity) represents x_2(entity) in function x_{3(property of x1)}

lo krati — representative.

i pa krati be le turni bei le ka ckini fi le gubni co'a tavla lei mi'u se natmi — A representative of the governor in public relations started talking to the nation.

Related words: jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji

krefu — x_1(clause) is a recurrence of x_2(clause) happening for the x_3(number) -th time

lo krefu — recurrence, occurrence, case (recurrence). lo te krefu — number of recurrences.

i le na te snada cu krefu lу nu troci vau li ci — The attempt ended in a failure for the third time.

Related words: fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, volta

krici — x_1(entity) believes x_{2(proposition)} is true about x_3(entity)

lo krici — believer. lo se krici — belief (fact in which one believes).

i mi pu krici le ka volta vau do — I believed that you would return.

Comment: believing doesn't require evidence or proof. For expressing opinions use jinvi.

Related words: jinvi, djuno, censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti

krili — x_1(entity) is quantity of crystal of material x_2(entity) ...

lo krili — crystal.

i ti du le za'u krili be le silna — These are the crystals of salt.

Related words: jemna, bisli

krinu — x_{1(event, state)} is a reason for x_{2(event, state)}

lo krinu — justification, reason. lo se krinu — event justified.

i ma krinu le nu do jai lerci — What is the reason for your lateness?

Related words: ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, ki'u, bapli

krixa — x_1(entity) yells or cries out x_{2(sound, text)}

i ra pu krixa zo sidju — He cried, "Help!"

Related words: klaku, bacru

krokodilo — x_1(entity) is a crocodile of breed x_2(taxon)

lo krokodilo — crocodile, animal of family Crocodylidae.

i le krokodilo cu zvati ma — Where are the crocodiles?

Related words: respa

kruca — x_1(entity) intersects x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo te kruca — point of an intersection.

i ko carna fi le zunle bu'u le te kruca — Turn left at the crossroad.

i mi pu denpa bu'u le te kruca be le ralju dargu bei le dertu dargu — I was waiting at the place where the main road was intersected by a dirt road.

Related words: cripu, ragve

kruji — x_1(entity) is some cream ...

lo kruji — cream.

i au pei bisli kruji — Would you like ice cream?

Related words: ladru, matne

krumami — x_1(entity) has the umami taste to x_2(entity)

lo krumami — having umami taste.

i le mi'u stasu be le jipci cu krumami mi — The chicken soup tastes umami to me.

Related words: titla, slari, kurki, silna

ku [terminator] — ends a construct started with: la, lai, le, lei, lo, le'e, lo'e, loi

ku [2nd meaning] — shows the end of an adverb

Comment: adverb is formed with one or more prepositions without arguments and a ku at the end, e.g. na ku, ba zi ku.

ku'a [conjunction] — forms intersection of sets

i e'o doi le ninmu ku'a le ctuca do klama le nenri — Those who are women and teachers, please, enter.

ku'i [interjection] — however, although, contrarily, but, in contrast, ku'i nai — in line

i ku'i mi na ralte su'o jdini — However, I don't have money.

i le mi'u fetsi pu ku tatpi gi'e ku'i nai co'a sipna — She was tired and in line with that she fell asleep.

Comment: English 'but' is also a conjunction and this corresponds more to je ku'i / gi'je ku'i / e ku'i. ku'i nai is used to draw conclusions in accordance with those statements which were said previously.

Related words: frica, dukti, na panra

ku'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: noi, poi, voi

kubli — x_1(entity) is a cube ...

lo kubli — cube.

i mi pu punji le kubli bisli le mi'u te runta — I put ice cubes into the drink.

Related words: kurfa, bliku, tanbo, tapla, tarmi

kucli — x_1(entity) is curious about x_2(clause)

lo kucli — curious. lo se kucli — subject of curiosity.

i mi kucli le nu tu noi ninmu cu zukte ma — I'm curious what is that woman doing?

Related words: marvele, sisku, se cinri

kufra — x_1(entity) is comfortable with x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kufra — comfortable.

i mi kufra le ka vreta bu'u le jbini be re kicne — I feel comfortable lying between the two pillows.

Related words: cinmo

kukte — x_1(entity) is tasty or delicious to x_2(entity)

lo kukte — tasty.

i le vi badna cu kukte mi — For me this banana is sweet.

i ko se kukte — Bon appetite!

Related words: gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina

kulnu — x_{1(property of x2)} is culture of x_2(entity)

lo kulnu — culture.

i le ka citka le insekto cu kulnu so'e remna — Eating insects is the culture of most of humans.

Comment: x₁ are customs, ideas, arts, skills.

Related words: ka'u, natmi, cecmu

kumfa — x_1(entity) is a room in x_2(entity) ...

lo kumfa — room.

i le vi kumfa be le xotli cu barda — This hotel room is large.

Related words: bitmu, canlu, zdani

kumte — x_1(entity) is a camel or llama of species x_2(taxon)

lo kumte — camel, llama.

i le gidva be mi'a cu kakne le ka sazri le kumte — Our guide can ride a camel.

Related words: sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli

kunra — x_1(entity) is an ore containing material x_2(entity) mined from x_3(entity)

lo kunra — mineral.

i ti kunra le tirse le cmana — This is an iron containing ore mined from mountains.

Related words: jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna

kunti — x_1(entity) is empty of material x_2(entity)

lo kunti — empty.

i le mi'u kabri cu kunti — The glass is empty.

Related words: culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca

kurfa — x_1(entity) is a rectangle defined by vertices x_{2(entity group)} ...

lo kurfa — rectangle.

i lei sonci pu kurfa le vo mitre be li mu — Soldiers formed together a rectangle 5 meters in each side.

Related words: bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi

kurji — x_1(entity) takes care of x_2(entity)

lo kurji — caretaker.

i ei kurji le bilma — We should take care of the patient.

Related words: jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana

kurki — x_1(entity) is bitter, acrid to x_2(entity)

lo kurki — bitter (taste).

i le mi'u birje cu kurki — The beer is bitter.

Related words: titla, slari

kuspe — x_1(entity) extends or reaches over range x_2(entity) ; x₁ has scope over x₂

lo kuspe — having scope. lo se kuspe — scope.

i lu na ku mi nelci li'u zo'u le mulno bridi poi du lu mi nelci li'u cu se kuspe lu na ku li'u — As for i naku mi nelci the whole clause mi nelci is in the scope of naku.

i mi na kakne le ka kuspe tu noi forca — I can't get that fork.

Related words: ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja

kusru — x_1(entity) is cruel to victim x_2(entity) in actions x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kusru — cruel action. lo se kusru — victim of cruelty.

i ko na kusru mi — Don't be cruel to me.

i lei mi'u rirni pu kusru mi le ka na e'ande mi le ka kelci bu'u le bartu — The parents were cruel to me in not allowing playing outside.

Related words: xendo, jursa

ky [pronoun] — k (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ky is for the last lo kosta used.

la [lo gadri] — turn verb into name (sumti)

i la alis ba vitke la paris — Alice will visit Paris.

i zo bruna cmene la kevin pa pendo be mi — Brother is how friends call Kevin.

Comment: the one that I call .... Creates personal name from verbs or cmevla. If used before a verb dissociates the meaning of that verb and makes a name. la rozgu can be translated as Rose (personal name), le rozgu as the rose (flower)..

la'a [interjection] — probably, la'a nai — improbably

i la'a ti traji le ka misno — Probably, this is the most popular one.

i la'a ru'e la'e do'i cu ve ciksi — Probably, it's the explanation.

i la'a nai ka'e ku gau la kevin la alis co'a birti — It's improbable that Kevin can convince Alice.

i la'a le mi'u nakni ba zi mo'u zukte — He ought to finish soon.

Related words: lakne

la'e — what can be referred to by ... (noun follows)

i do jo'u mi pu casnu da i la'e di'u pu cacra li ji'i pa — There was something you and I discussed. And that lasted for approximately an hour.

i la'e zo alis cu cinri cukta — "Alice" is an interesting book.

Comment: la'e [noun] is the same as lo se sinxa be [noun].

la'o — turn foreign text into noun that is a name

i la'o gy.The wild bears.gy. jai cinri skina — "The wild bears" is an interesting movie.

Comment: quotes a text that can be not Lojbanic. The quotation is to be wrapped with pauses from both sides and with an additional Lojbanic word around them from both sides (this word must not be used within the text quoted). Usually the separating words is the name of the first letter of the language of the quotation.

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi

labno — x_1(entity) is a wolf of species x_2(taxon)

lo labno — wolf.

i mi pu tirna le nu le labno cu cmoni — I heard wolfs howling.

Related words: gerku

labyxu'e — x_1(entity) is pink, of rose color

lo labyxu'e — pink, rose (of color).

i le va nixli pe le labyxu'e cu mo — Who is that girl in pink?

Related words: xunre, blabi

lacpu — x_1(entity) pulls or drags x_2(entity) ...

lo se lacpu — something pulled, something dragged.

i la alis pu lacpu la kevin re'o le kerfa — Alice dragged Kevin upstairs by the hair.

Related words: catke, sakci, cokcu

lacri — x_1(entity) relies, counts on, trusts x_2(entity) to bring about, ensure, maintain state x_{3(event, state)}

i mi lacri do le ka ma kau sidju — I rely on you to help me.

i mi xebni le ka lacri le karce pe mi le ka klama le jai se djica be mi fu ma kau — I hate having to rely on my car to get where I want.

Related words: minde, nitcu, tinbe

ladru — x_1(entity) is some milk from x_2(entity)

lo ladru — milk.

i e'o do sabji le pa kabri be le ladru mi — Please give me a glass of milk.

i le mi'u nixli ca'o di'i pinxe le ladru poi se cupra le mamta be vo'a — The girl still regularly her mother's milk.

Related words: lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji

lafti — x_1(entity) lifts x_2(entity) ...

lo se lafti — something lifted.

i xu do kakne le ka lafti le mi'u rokci — Can you lift the stone?

Related words: farlu, plipe

lai [lo gadri] — turn verb into name (sumti) denoting a mass

i lai djonson pu se zdani ti — The Johnsons lived here.

Comment: the mass of those that are called ... Creates personal name that denote a mass.

lakne — x_{1(event, state, property of nonce place)} is probable, likely ...

lo lakne — probable.

i lakne fa le nu ba carvi — I will probably rain.

i le mi'u nabmi cu jai lakne fai le ka na nandu — The problem is probably not hard.

Related words: cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano

lakse — x_1(entity) is some wax ...

lo lakse — wax.

i le bifce cu cupra le lakse — Bees produce wax.

Related words: bifce, ranti, bidju

laldo — x_1(entity) is old/aged in that it has x_{2(property of x1)}

lo laldo — old, aged.

i ti noi kosta cu laldo le ka ze'a ma kau se dasni — This jacket is old in how long it has been worn.

Related words: citno, slabu

lalxu — x_1(entity) is a lake at site x_2(entity)

lo lalxu — lake, pool. lo se lalxu — place with a lake.

i ai mi vitke le lalxu be le mi'u panka — I'm going to visit a lake in the park.

Related words: daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani

lamji — x_1(entity) is adjacent, next to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2)} in direction x_{4(property of x1 and x2, has two places for ce'u)}

lo lamji — immediate (adjacent).

i le zdani be la alis cu lamji le ckule le ka stuzi vau le ka ce'u ce'u stici vo'a — Alice's home is adjacent to the school in where it is located and it is to the east of the school.

Related words: zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini

lanbi — x_1(entity) is a quantity of protein ...

lo lanbi — protein.

i le nanba cu vasru le so'i lanbi — Bread contains a lot of protein.

Related words: ladru, sovda

lanci — x_1(entity) is a flag or banner symbolizing x_2(entity) ...

lo lanci — flag, banner.

i ti lanci la lojban — This is the flag of Lojban.

Related words: gugde, jecta

lanka — x_1(entity) is a basket containing x_2(entity) ...

lo lanka — basket. lo se lanka — contents of a basket.

i ko jgari le lanka be le fragari — Take a basket with strawberries.

Related words: vasru, baktu

lanli — x_1(entity) analyzes x_2(entity) by method x_{3(property of x1)}

lo lanli — analyst. lo se lanli — something analysed. lo te lanli — method of analysis.

i le mi'u mikce cu lanli le bilma le ka tirna le fepri — The doctor examines the patient by listening to the lungs.

Related words: cipra, catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka

lanme — x_1(entity) is a sheep of species x_2(taxon) ...

lo lanme — sheep.

i ti noi cirla cu se zbasu fi le ladru be le lanme — This cheese is made from sheep's milk.

Related words: kanba, sunla

lante — x_1(entity) is a can for x_2(entity) ...

lo lante — can, pre-sealed container. lo se lante — something canned.

i ti lante le festi — It's a can for waste.

Related words: botpi, baktu, tinci

lanxe — x_{1(entity group)} is in balance under forces x_2(entity)

lo lanxe — balanced.

i le nu mi gunka jo'u le nu mi surla cu lanxe le se zukte be mi — I keep my work and my leisure time in balance.

Related words: fapro, midju, nutli

lanzu — x_1(entity) is a family with member x_2(entity) who is tied to it by bond x_{3(relation between members of x2, contains two places for ce'u)}

lo lanzu — family. lo se lanzu — family member.

i ti lanzu le citno le ka ce'u ce'u prami — This is a family of young people bound by mutual love.

Related words: natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi

larcu — x_{1(property of nonce place)} is an art, creative application of skill x_{2(proposition)}

lo larcu — art. lo se larcu — craft.

i za'a do certu le larcu be le ka finti le melbi se sanga — I can see, you are an expert in creating beautiful songs.

i le ka prami cu larcu — Love is an art.

Related words: finti, zbasu, stati

lasna — x_1(entity) fastens or binds x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) with x_4(entity)

lo lasna — fastener. lo se lasna — fastened.

i le mi'u prenu pu lasna la kevin pa kamju pa skori — The person tied Kevin to a pillar with a rope.

Related words: jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa

lastu — x_1(entity) is a quantity of brass ...

lo lastu — brass.

i le lastu cu mixre le tunka joi le zinki — Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

Comment: lo lastu is an alloy made of copper and zinc.

Related words: jinme, ransu, tunka

latna — x_1(entity) is a lotus of species x_2(taxon) ...

lo latna — lotus.

i le mi'u latna co'a me le xrula poi se panci le pluka — The lotus turns into a flower with a pleasant scent.

Related words: budjo, censa, lijda, spati

lazni — x_1(entity) is lazy concerning action x_{2(action of x1)}

lo lazni — lazy. lo se lazni — action lazily avoided.

i mi lazni le ka catlu le mi'u matra — I am lazy to look at the engine.

Related words: nejni, vreta, gunka

le [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun: those that I describe as being or doing ...

i mi pu viska pa fetsi i le mi'u fetsi cu melbi — I saw a female. She is pretty.

Comment: similar to English the. Often corresponds to English '-er' like in 'singer', 'player'. If I use le zarci I mean the things I describe as markets. Number after le is used to specify the number of such described things. le pa fetsi is similar to she, le nakni to he, le za'u mei to they. .

le'ai [terminator] — ends a construct started with: lo'ai, sa'ai

le'e [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun denoting a typical thing previously mentioned

i lo'e cipni cu kakne le ka vofli i mi tadni le'e cipni — Typical birds can fly. And I study such birds.

Comment: the typical one that does or is ... (previously defined).

Related words: le, lo, lo'e

le'o [interjection] — Grr! (aggression), le'o cu'i — expressing passive (non-agressive) emotion, le'o nai — expressing defensive emotion

i le mi'u'o ro ko tinbe fi mi — Everybody follow my orders!

i le mi'u'o cu'i sa'u mi pu retsku zo'ei le nu do se la'u li xo kau kanro — Hey, I just asked you about your health.

i le mi'u'o nai mi jimpe le du'u ei mi zutse ti — Okay, okay, I understand that I have to sit here.

Related words: gunta, bandu

le'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: lo'u

lebna — x_1(entity) takes or seizes x_{2(entity, property of x3)} from x_3(entity)

lo se lebna — something taken.

i le mi'u za'u mei pu lebna fi mi fe le ka se krali le ka ponse le mi'u karce — They took my rights on owning the car.

i mi pu lebna pa titla le mi'u tanxe ca le nu le drata na jundi — I took a candy from the box when other weren't attentive.

Comment: lebna implies possession taken, cpacu doesn't imply previous possession, vimcu doesn't imply acquiring possession.

Related words: punji, cpacu, vimcu, canci, cliva

lei [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun denoting a mass previously mentioned

i mi pu zgana lei prenu gi'e ba co'a sanli i ba bo mi pu muvdu fa'a lei mi'u prenu — I noticed a crowd and stood up. After that, I moved into the direction of the crowd.

Comment: the ..., the mass of those that are ... (previously mentioned).

lenjo — x_1(entity) is a lens focusing rays x_2(entity) to the focus x_3(entity) ...

lo lenjo — lens. lo se lenjo — rays focused by a lens. lo te lenjo — focus of a lens.

i ti lenjo le gusni le darno — This lens focusing light has a long focal length.

i mi co'a dasni lei lenjo te zu'e le ka sfubu — I put on goggles in order to dive.

i ko bevri fi mi fe lei lenjo pe mi — Bring me my glasses.

Comment: x₂ is usually light. Light from the original object comes through x₁ in the form of x₂ onto x₃.

Related words: kacma, minra

lenku — x_1(entity) is cold ...

lo lenku — cold.

i le vacri cu zenba le ka lenku — It's getting cold.

i le mi'u jisra pe ne'i le mi'u lenku minji pu xlali — The juice in the fridge was no good.

Related words: glare, bisli

lerci — x_1(clause) is late by standard x_{2(proposition)}

lo lerci — late event.

i le nu mi volta le zdani cu lerci le se jinvi be le mamta be mi — According to my mother, I returned home late.

Related words: clira

lerfu — x_1(entity) is a letter, symbol in word or alphabet x_{2(entity set, text set)} representing x_{3(entity, sound)}

lo lerfu — letter, alphabetic symbol.

i zoi ry.д.ry. lerfu le rusko zo d — д is a letter of Russian alphabet representing sound d.

Related words: mifra, namcu, sinxa

letri — x_1(entity) is electric in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo letri — electric.

i le dilnu cu letri le ka cupra le lindi — The cloud are electric in that they produce lightning.

Related words: magneti, trina, xlura

li — turn number into value

i li vo cu sumji li re li re — 4 is the sum of 2 and 2.

Comment: value of the following number or a math expression.

li'a [interjection] — clearly, of course, li'a nai — obscurely

i li'a do xanka — You are clearly worried.

i li'a no da poi te ckini la alis la kevin pu na drani — Clearly, nothing in their relations was amiss.

i li'a mi pu no roi vitke le dzipo tumla — Of course, I have never been to Antarctica.

i li'a nai le tcima cu funca le mi'u solri — Weather depends on the sun, I see, but it's complicated.

Related words: klina

li'anpi — x_1(entity) is a cheek of x_2(entity)

lo li'anpi — cheek.

i ra pu se li'anpi le plana — She had chubby cheeks.

Related words: flira, mlana

li'anzi — x_1(entity) is a length of chain with links or rings x_2(entity)

lo li'anzi — chain. lo se li'anzi — link of a chain, ring of a chain.

i ti li'anzi le barda je rijno — This is a chain with big silver rings.

Related words: djine, cukla, gunma, lasna

li'i [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

i le pluka ko li'i se senva — Have a pleasant dream (sweat dreams!)

i le pluka ko li'i se citka — How did you like the party?

i ma do li'i salci — The length is two meters.

Comment: x_{1 (property of x2)} is an experience of ... (clause follows) experienced by x₂. The first omitted place of the clause is assumed to be the second place of the li'i clause.

li'o [interjection] — and so on (omitted text)

i la kevin cu pa moi i la edvard cu re moi i li'o — Kevin is the first. Eduard is the second, and so on.

li'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: lu

Comment: seldom elidable except at end of text.

lidne — x_1(entity) precedes x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

i le mlatu ba lidne le gerku le ka se casnu ca ma kau — Cats will be discussed before dogs.

Comment: purci is for time sequence.

Related words: balvi, ralju, rebla, purci, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna

lifri — x_1(entity) experiences x_{2(event of x1, experience of x1)}

lo lifri — experiencer, patient (experiencer). lo se lifri — experienced event, feeling (what is felt).

i mi lifri le ka pu se nandu — I've had a hard life.

i do ba lifri le nabmi — You'll get into trouble.

i mi pu lifri le ka ganse le cizra — I underwent strange sensation.

Related words: ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi

lijda — x_1(entity) is a religion of believers x_2(entity) sharing beliefs x_{3(proposition)}

lo lijda — religion. lo se lijda — religious believer. lo te lijda — religious belief.

i le na krici tu'a pa cevni na te lijda — Not believing in God is not a religion.

i la animism cu lijda le remna poi se zdani le vi tumla le mi'u du'u ro dacti cu vasru le pruxi — Animism is a religion of people living on this land that asserts that every object contains a spirit.

i do se lijda ma — What is your religion?

Related words: budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri

limna — x_1(entity) swims in x_2(entity)

lo limna — swimmer.

i e'a nai do limna le xamsi — Don't swim in the sea!

Related words: djacu, fulta, klama, litru

limxone — x_1(entity) is a lemon of species x_2(entity)

lo limxone — lemon.

i au mi pinxe le jisra be le limxone — I'd like to drink a lemon juice.

Related words: pelxu, nimre, najnimre

lindi — x_1(entity) is a lightning striking at x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo lindi — lightning.

i sa'u tu pe pu ku cu lindi le darno pa dilnu — That was just a lightning that stroke far away from here striking from a cloud.

Related words: letri

linji — x_1(entity) is a line segment defined by points x_{2(entity set)}

lo linji — line. lo se linji — points defining a line.

i lei pulji pu se linji le clani te zu'e le ka kurji le cadzu prenu — The police officers formed long lines in order to protect walking people.

Related words: korcu, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca

linto — x_1(entity) is lightweight ...

lo linto — lightweight, light (not heavy).

i le mi'u mlatu verba cu linto — The kitten is lightweight.

Comment: lo xalbo is light (not serious), lo gusni is light (illumination).

Related words: junta, tilju

lisri — x_1(text) is a story about x_2(entity) narrated by x₃ ...

lo lisri — story, tale, yarn (story), narrative. lo se lisri — plot of a story.

i ko skicu pa lisri be le crida mi — Tell me a story about fairies.

Comment: may not be fictional. For story in sense fiction created by someone use cfika.

Related words: ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci

liste — x_1(entity) is a list, log of x_{2(entity full set)} ...

lo liste — list, log. lo se liste — logged.

i mi pu tcidu fi pa liste be le'i notci noi fi ke'a porsi le ka ce'u e ba bo ce'u se benji — I read a log of messages, which were sorted in the order of being sent.

Comment: unlike porsi the word liste describes an actual object with the sequence formed as is.

Related words: porsi, girzu, cmima

litce — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) liters ...

i ti noi djacu cu litce li re — It's two liters of water.

Related words: centi

litki — x_1(entity) is liquid ...

lo litki — liquid.

i ko satre le mi'u litki pa panje — Wipe the liquid with a sponge.

i le mi'u bisli ca'o co'a litki — The ice is melting.

Related words: cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flu'ente, jduli

litru — x_1(entity) travels via route x_{2(entity set)} ...

lo litru — traveller. lo se litru — travelling route.

i mi pu litru le fange gugde — I travelled abroad.

Related words: bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu

livga — x_1(entity) is a liver of x_2(entity)

lo livga — liver.

i xu le ka citka le livga be le jipci cu xamgu do — Is eating chicken liver good for you?

Related words: rango, betfu

livla — x_1(entity) is a fuel for powering x_2(entity)

lo livla — fuel.

i le mi'u toknu cu se livla le mudri — The furnace is stoked up with wood.

i le livla na banzu — There isn't enough fuel.

Related words: nejni, xaksu, jelca

lo [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun: there are some that are ..., there are some that do ...

i le mlatu cu danlu — Cat is an animal.

i pa sazri ca denpa — A driver waits.

i za'u pa sazri ca denpa — Drivers wait.

Comment: there are some that do ..., there is at least one that is .... Creates noun from verb. Often corresponds to English '-er' like in 'singer', 'player'. i lo gerku cu batci means There is at least one thing, it is a dog and it bites and thus means the same as i su'o da zo'u da gerku gi'e batci. ro lo gerku is the same as ro gerku. Under the so called 'xorlo' reform lo is equal to lo'o'o..

lo'ai — To correct yourself say lo'ai, then the incorrect construct, then sa'ai, then the same but corrected construct, then le'ai.

i mi pu vitke le dzipo le mi'u'ai nai — I visited Antarctica (sic!)

i mi pu klama le zarci y le'ai pu sa'ai ba le mi'u'ai — I went to the store, ehm, no, will go!

i sa'ai ba klama le mi'u'ai pei — Is it "will go" that should have been said?

Comment: You may just start with sa'ai if it's obvious what is corrected. The word le'ai on its own indicates that an obvious mistake was made. le'ai dai indicates that the other partner made a mistake. le'ai pei asks whether the partner made a mistake. le'ai nai explicitly denies mistakes.

lo'e [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun denoting a typical thing

i le'e cipni cu kakne le ka vofli — Typical birds can fly.

Comment: the typical one that does or is ....

lo'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: li, me'o

lo'u — turn main verb into noun that is a quote

i ma smuni le'u vau ua le mi'u'u poi do cusku — What's the meaning of vau ua that you said?

Comment: lo'u ... le'u is a noun quoting any number of Lojban words.

logji — x_{1(proposition)} is a logic for reasoning about x_{2(proposition)}

lo logji — logic.

i le mi'u du'u le prina be fi le jamfu be pa nixli cu nenri le mi'u dinju cu logji le mi'u du'u la alis pu zvati ti — By the fact that there are footprints of a girl inside the house, one concludes that Alice was here.

Related words: nibli

loi [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun denoting a mass

i lei tadni pu sruri le mi'u dinju — Students surrounded the building.

i mi ralte pa lei re gluta — I have a pair of mittens.

Comment: the mass of those that are .... Creates noun that denotes a mass.

lojbo — x_1(entity) is Lojbanic in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo lojbo — Lojbanic.

i mi lojbo le ka se cinri la lojban vau e no drata i je mi na tavla bau la lojban — I'm a Lojbanic person only in that I'm interested in Lojban; I don't speak it.

Related words: bangu, logji

loldi — x_1(entity) is a floor, ground of x_2(entity)

lo loldi — floor.

i mi pu sipna bu'u le loldi be le kumfa pe mi — I slept on the floor of my room.

Related words: bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, skalera

lorxu — x_1(entity) is a fox of species x_2(taxon)

lo lorxu — fox.

i le lorxu cu citka le jipci — Foxes eat hens.

Related words: gerku

lu — turn main verb into noun that is a quote

i mi pu cusku lu coi le pendo li'u — I said "Hello, friends!"

Comment: lu ... li'u is a noun quoting grammatically correct text in Lojban (can contain any number of words).

lu'e — what refers to (noun follows)

i le re cirkulo cu du lu'e le logji — Two circles is a symbol of logic.

i le vi janbe pe le vorme cu du lu'e mi — This doorbell is to call me.

Comment: lu'e [noun] is the same as lo sinxa be [noun].

lu'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: la'e, lu'e, tu'a, zo'ei

lujvo — x_1(text) is a lujvo, verb made of affixes with meaning x_2(entity), arguments meaning x_{3(ordered entity group)}, with affixes built from components x_{4(ordered text group)}

lo lujvo — lujvo (compound verb made of affixes).

i zo ki'ogra lujvo le mi'u du'u kilto le grake vau le kilto ce'o le se grake zo kilto ce'o zo grake — ki'ogra is a lujvo meaning "is a thousand of grams" with arguments meaning "what is measured in thousands", "the number of grams"; affixes of the lujvo are built from kilto and grake attached sequentially.

Related words: stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni

lumci — x_1(entity) washes x_2(entity) of contaminant x_3(entity) ...

lo lumci — washer.

i mi pu lumci so'o palta le stali — I washed off the remains from some dishes.

Related words: djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve

lunbe — x_1(entity) is naked or bare

lo lunbe — naked, bare.

i le mi'u cifnu ca lunbe — The baby is naked now.

Related words: taxfu, bandu

lunra — x_1(entity) is the Moon, major natural satellite of planet x_2(entity)

lo lunra — Moon (major natural satellite). lo se lunra — planet with a moon.

i le mi'u terdi cu se lunra pa da — The Earth has one natural moon.

Related words: planeta, solri, terdi, mluni

lunsa — x_1(entity) condenses ...

lo lunsa — condensing.

i le bisli lunsa pu gacri le mi'u dertu — Frost covered the ground.

Related words: cilmo, dunja, febvi, litki, bumru

luska — x_1(entity) is a mollusk of species x_2(entity)

lo luska — mollusc.

i ti noi luska cu cpare co masno — This mollusk moves slowly.

Related words: curnu, danlu, xamsi, rirxe

ly [pronoun] — l (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ly is for the last lo lalxu used.

ma [pronoun] — asks for the noun (that should go into the place to which ma is put)

i do djica ma — What do you want?

i ma noi prenu pu zvati ti — Who was here?

i ma noi dacti pu zvati ti — What object was here?

ma'a [pronoun] — we with you (includes other persons not in the dialog)

i ma'a se zdani le bu'u planeta — We inhabit this planet.

i le rarna munje cu vajni ca le nu ma'a se lifri — Nature plays an important role in our lives.

Comment: mi'ai is a more vague pronoun.

ma'oi — quotes one next word and treats it as the name of a selma'o (class of particles). The quoted word must be delimited by pauses (in speech) or whitespace (in writing)

i zo di'ai cmavo ma'oi coi — di'ai is a grammatical particle of class "COI" (vocative).

Comment: selma'o are often written in English text in capital letters e.g.: COI.

Related words: ra'oi

ma'u [digit/number] — plus sign (number follows; by default any positive)

i li ma'u re du li bi vu'u xa — "+2 = 8 - 6."

mabla — x_1(entity) is shitty, awful in x_{2(property of x1)} according to x_3(entity) ; x₁ stinks, sucks

lo mabla — shitty, awful, execrable.

i fi mi le mi'u cidja cu mabla le ka se zalvi le denci — For me the food is awful in chewing it.

Related words: palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, nakpinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu

mabru — x_1(entity) is mammal of species x_2(taxon)

lo mabru — mammal.

i le delfinu cu mabru — Dolphins are mammals.

Related words: danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju

macnu — x_{1(event, action, process)} is manual in function x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo macnu — manual. lo se macnu — function done manually.

i ti noi karce cu macnu le ka gau cenba le ka sutra — The speed of this car is changed manually.

Related words: zmiku, jitro

magneti — x_1(entity) is magnetic in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo magneti — magnet.

i le mi'u rokci cu magneti le ka snipa le jinme — The stone is magnetic in that it sticks to metal.

i le mi'u rokci co'u magneti le ka co'a glare — The stone becomes non-magnetic when being heat up.

Related words: letri, trina, xlura

mai — turn number into numbered item or paragraph

i pa mai la meilis ze'i se zdani ti — First, Mei Li has been living here for a short time.

i re mai la meilis ka'e sidju ma'a — Secondly, she can help us.

i ro mai la meilis cu stati nixli — Lastly, she is a smart girl.

Comment: suffix of a number that marks a paragraph or item when they are ordered.

makcu — x_1(entity) is mature in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo makcu — mature.

i le mi'u nanmu cu simlu le ka makcu le ka seksi — The man seems to be mature in his sexuality.

Related words: cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu

makfa — x_1(clause) is magic or supernatural to x_2(entity) performed by x_3(entity)

lo makfa — magical event. lo te makfa — wizard, magician.

i le nu le mi'u ractu cu canci cu makfa le mi'u verba la djon — The disappearance of the rabbit performed by John was magical for the child.

Related words: krici, marvele

malsi — x_1(entity) is a church, temple of people x_2(entity) ...

lo malsi — church, temple.

i ti malsi le budjo — This is a Buddhist temple.

Related words: cevni, krici, lijda, ritli

mamta — x_1(entity) is a mother of x_2(entity)

lo mamta — mother. lo se mamta — child of a mother.

i le mamta be do pu zukte ma ca le nu do mo'u klama le zdani — What was your mother doing when you got home?

Related words: patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena

manfo — x_1(entity) is uniform, homogeneous in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo manfo — uniform, homogeneous.

i le mi'u bukpu ca manfo le ka se tengu — The cloth is uniform in texture.

Related words: vrici, prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, traji

mango — x_1(entity) is a mango of variety x_2(taxon)

lo mango — mango.

i mi pu no roi citka le mango — I have never eaten mangoes.

Related words: grute

manku — x_1(entity) is dark

lo manku — dark.

i le mi'u kumfa cu manku — The room is dark.

Related words: blabi, gusni, ctino, kandi, xekri, ctino

manri — x_1(entity) is a standard for observing x_2(entity) with rules x_{3(property of x1)}

lo manri — standard.

i mi manri le nu ma kau ba jinga vau le ka jdice ma kau — I'm the standard of determining of who will win, however I decide that will be so.

i tu noi ve'i cmana ba manri le nu zgana le mi'u tumla — That hill will be the reference frame for observing the land.

Related words: ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde

mansa — x_1(entity) satisfies x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1, state of x1)}

lo mansa — satisfying. lo se mansa — satisfied.

i le zdani be mi cu mansa mi le ka tcini bu'u ce'u — I'm satisfied with the conditions in my house.

Related words: pajni

manti — x_1(entity) is an ant of species x_2(taxon)

lo manti — ant.

i le sakta cu trina le manti — Sugar attracts ants.

Related words: cinki, blato

mapku — x_1(entity) is a hat, helmet ...

lo mapku — hat, helmet.

i ai mi dasni le mapku — I'm going to put on a hat.

Related words: taxfu, stedu, drudi

mapni — x_1(entity) is some cotton

lo mapni — cotton.

i le mi'u mapni cu zabna — The cotton is of high quality.

Related words: bukpu

mapti — x_1(entity) is compatible with or matches x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo mapti — compatible, proper (fitting).

i le se cusku be do na mapti le se cusku be le jatna pe do le ka se smuni — Your words are inconsistent in meaning with what your boss said.

i ti ckiku le na mapti be ti noi stela — This is a key incompatible with this lock.

i ta mapti le zabna le ka jai se djica mi — That is exactly what I want.

Related words: satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu

marbi — x_1(entity) is a shelter protecting x_2(entity) against threat x_{3(property of x2)}

lo marbi — shelter, haven, refuge, retreat, harbor.

i mi pu jai se bapli fai le ka se marbi pa laldo dinju fi le ka cilmo — I had to take shelter in an old building in order not to become wet.

Related words: bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri

marce — x_1(entity) is a vehicle for carrying x_2(entity) ...

lo marce — vehicle. lo se marce — passenger.

i ti marce le se vecnu — This is a vehicle for carrying goods.

i ti marce ge le se vecnu na'o ku gi le remna ca'a ku — This is a vehicle intended to transport goods but actually used for transporting people.

Comment: karce and carce are designed to be with wheels, marce isn't and is more generic.

Related words: klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, xislu, sabnu, skiji

marde — x_{1(property of x2)} is the ethics of performer x_2(entity) ...

lo marde — ethics, morals, moral standards, ethical standards.

i le ka zukte le se cpedu be le bilma cu marde ei do — Doing what the ill person asks should be you ethics.

Related words: palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri

margu — x_1(entity) is a quantity of mercury

lo margu — mercury.

i xu le margu cu jinme — Is mercury a metal?

Related words: jinme

marji — x_1(entity) is material of composition x_2(entity) in shape x_3(entity)

lo marji — material, stuff, matter. lo se marji — composition of matter. lo te marji — shape of matter.

i ti noi nanba cu marji le mraji le bliku — This bread is made of rye and has the form of a block.

Related words: morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti

marna — x_1(entity) is a quantity of hemp of species x_2(taxon)

lo marna — hemp.

i ti skori le marna — This is a cable made of hemp.

Related words: skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi

marvele — x_1(entity) is marvelous, astonishing to x_2(entity)

lo marvele — marvelous.

i le bu'u stuzi cu marvele mi — This place is marvelous to me.

Related words: melbi

marxa — x_1(entity) crushes or smashes x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

i mi pu marxa le patlu le pesxu — I made mashed potatoes.

Related words: daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli

masno — x_1(entity) is slow at doing x_{2(event, state of x1)}

lo masno — slow.

i le mi'u verba ca simlu le ka masno le ka cadzu — The child seems to be slow at walking.

Related words: sutra

masti — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) months long ...

lo masti — month-long event.

i le lidne dunra cu masti li ci — The past winter lasted for 3 months.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one month in duration

Related words: detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca

matci — x_1(entity) is a mat or pad ...

lo matci — mat, pad.

i ko jai mosra le cutci pe do le mi'u matci — Wipe your shoes on the mat.

Related words: kicne, tapla, karda, ckana

matli — x_1(entity) is some flax, linen

lo matli — linen.

i ti noi creka cu matli — This shirt is linen.

Related words: bukpu

matne — x_1(entity) is some butter ...

lo matne — butter.

i mi pu citka pa snuji be le matne bei le nanba — I ate a sandwich with butter and bread.

Related words: grasu, kruji

matra — x_1(entity) is an engine driving x_2(entity)

lo matra — engine.

i ti noi karce cu se matra le vlipa — This car has a powerful engine.

Related words: marce, minji, carce

mau [preposition from zmadu] — with ... doing more, with ... being more

i nelci do fa mi ne mau ku'i la alis — I like you but Alice likes you more.

Comment: the clause itself describes the comparison.

mau'i [right scalar particle] — shows stronger intensity of interjection or interjection modifier

i ua do ti zvati i ua mau'i ji'a la alis ti zvati — Wow, you are here. Wow, wow, Alice is here too!

Comment: usually specifies an intensity of an interjection stronger than the intensity of the same interjection earlier used.

Related words: dau'i, mau'i, me'ai, cu'i, sai, ru'e

mavji — x_1(entity) is some oats of species x_2(taxon)

lo mavji — oats.

i ze'u ku le mavji gau ralju cidja le xirma — Oats have long been the main food for horses.

Related words: gurni

maxri — x_1(entity) is some wheat of species x_2(taxon)

lo maxri — wheat.

i le nanba cu se zbasu fi le maxri — Bread is made of wheat.

Related words: gurni

me — x₁ is among the referents of ... (a noun follows)

i xu do me le ctuca — Are you a teacher?

me'ai [right scalar particle] — shows weaker intensity of interjection or interjection modifier

i ua do mo'u klama doi la alis i ua me'ai ro drata ti zvati ji'a — Wow, you arrived, Alice! Oh well, the others are here too.

Comment: usually specifies an intensity of an interjection weaker than the intensity of the same interjection earlier used.

Related words: dau'i, mau'i, me'ai, cu'i, sai, ru'e

me'i [digit/number] — less than ... (number follows)

i me'i mu prenu ca zutse bu'u le mi'u kumfa — There are less than five people sitting in the room now.

me'o — turn number into text

i ko catke la'e me'o so pa pa — Dial 911!

i me'o pa re ci — 123 (as a text).

Comment: marks the following sequence of numbers as a text.

me'o denpa bu [letter] — ., full stop, period, dot

me'o slaka bu [letter] — , (comma)

me'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: me

mebri — x_1(entity) is a forehead of x_2(entity)

lo mebri — forehead, brow.

i le mi'u fetsi pu se mebri le kalri — She had a forehead open.

Related words: stedu, flira

megdo — x_1(entity) is a million of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i mi ponse le megdo be le rupnu be li ci — I own three million dollars.

i e'o do cuxna fi le pixra poi klani le megdo be li su'e pa bei le ka se bitni li bi — Please choose an image that does not exceed 1 Megabyte.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

mei [verb] — turn number into verb denoting quantity

i mi'o re mei — You and I are two.

i pa mei le nabmi — It is one of the problems.

i le mi'u vo mei pu klama le mi'u kumfa — The four entered the room.

Comment: x_1(entity) are (n) in number and are among x_2(entity). The number (n) is put in front of mei.

Related words: cmima, gunma, moi

mekso — x_1(text) is a mathematical expression under rules x_{2(proposition)}

lo mekso — math expression.

i lu li vo du li re su'i re li'u mekso la lojban — li vo du li resu'i re is a mathematical expression in Lojban.

i zoi cy.(x+15&~15).cy. mekso le bangu poi du la c — "(x+15&~15)" is a mathematical expression in C language.

Related words: cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji

melbi — x_1(entity) is beautiful to observer x_2(entity) in aspect x_{3(property of x1)} ...

lo melbi — beautiful.

i le mi'u ninmu cu melbi mi le ka se catlu — For me the woman is beautiful to look at.

Related words: pluka, xamgu

menli — x_1(clause) is a mind of body x_2(entity)

lo menli — mind.

i le menli be le smani cu simsa le menli be le remna — The mind of monkeys is similar to the one of humans.

Comment: ability of being aware of things and of rational thought.

Related words: intele, besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni

mensi — x_1(entity) is a sister of x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(property of x1)}

lo mensi — sister. lo se mensi — sibling of a sister.

i do mensi mi le ka se patfu — You are my brother since we are born from the same father.

Related words: bruna, tunba, tamne, famti

mentu — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) minutes long ...

lo mentu — minute-long event.

i le mi'u nu penmi cu mentu be li ji'i xa no — The meeting is approximately 60 minutes long.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one minute in duration

Related words: junla, cacra, snidu, tcika

merko — x_1(entity) is U.S. American in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo merko — American (of the United States).

i mi'a pu rinsa le mi'u pa merko — We greeted the American.

Related words: bemro, ketco, glico

merli — x_1(entity) measures x_2(entity) as x_3(number) units on scale x_{4(property of x2 and x3)} with accuracy x_5(number)

lo merli — measurer. lo se merli — measured.

i mi merli le mi'u jubme li pa le ka mitre vau li pi pa — I measured the length of the table as 1 meter with accuracy 0.1 meters.

Related words: kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, jmagutci, minli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, cimde, kramu, manri, centi

mi [pronoun] — I (the speaker or the speakers)

i mi gleki — I'm happy.

mi'a [pronoun] — we without you

i mi'a pu casnu do — We were discussing you.

Comment: mi'ai is a more vague pronoun.

mi'ai [pronoun] — we (at least two persons including at least one of the speakers)

i mi'ai se rai troci — We try our best.

i mi'ai djuno le krinu — We know the reason.

i da mi'ai nabmi — We have a problem.

Comment: English we. mi'a, mi'o and ma'a are more specific cases of mi'ai. Mostly used to more precisely translate texts from other languages..

mi'e [vocative] — I am ... (self-identification of the speaker), mi'e nai — I am not (denial of the speaker's identity)

i coi mi'e la gleki — Hello, I'm La Gleki.

i lu coi la kevin li'u lu mi'e nai la kevin li'u — "Hello, Kevin!" "I'm not Kevin."

mi'i [conjunction] — from center of ... and of distance ... around

i le za'u xrula cu zvati le cmana mi'i le ki'otre be li ci — The flowers are present on the mountain and three kilometers around of it.

mi'o [pronoun] — you and I (the speaker and the listener)

i mi'o ba renvi — You and I will survive.

Comment: mi'ai is a more vague pronoun.

mi'u [interjection] — ditto (the same thing) — another one

i mi pu zukte ra mi'u — I did the same thing.

i mi pu lebna pa cukta gi'e dunda pa cukta mi'u nai la alis — I took a book and gave another one to Alice.

Related words: mintu, bi'u nai, le, ri, ra

midju — x_1(entity) is in the middle of x_2(entity)

lo midju — middle.

i ra pu sanli bu'u le midju be le mi'u dargu — He was standing in the middle of the road.

Comment: lo midju is center point, lo centero is central subset (of a set or territory), lo kernelo is core.

Related words: lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju

mifra — x_{1(entity, text)} is an encoded x_{2(entity, text)} made using cipher x_{3(property of x1 and x2, has two places for ce'u)}

lo mifra — encrypted text. lo se mifra — not encrypted text. lo te mifra — cipher for encryption.

i zoi .mifr.cni rni dn.mifr. mifra lu coi ro do li'u le ka me'o o bu pe ce'u se basti me'o ny pe ce'u — cni rni dn is an encoded Lojban phrase coi ro do where n is a replacement for o.

i zo coi mifra le nu rinsa vau le bangu — coi is a greeting encoded in language.

Related words: mipri, lerfu, sinxa

mikce — x_1(entity) cures or treats x_2(entity) for disease x_3(clause) ; x₁ is a doctor ...

lo mikce — doctor. lo se mikce — patient (being cured). lo te mikce — ailment treated, disease cured.

i le mi'u mikce pu minde mi le ka sipna — The doctor ordered me to sleep.

i le mamta be mi pu mikce mi tu'a le bekpi be mi ta'i le ka punji le jduli — My mother treated my ill back by applying an ointment.

Comment: the process of treatment can be described using ta'i or tadji.

Related words: bilma, kanro, spita

mikri — x_1(entity) is a millionth of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le mi'u jurme cu mikri le mitre be li re boi le ka ganra — The microbe is 2 micrometers wide.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

milti — x_1(entity) is a thousandth of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le mi'u jubme cu milti le mitre be li bi no no le ka ganra — The table is 800 millimeters wide.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

milxe — x_1(entity) is mild in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo milxe — mild.

i le mi'u djacu cu milxe le ka glare — The water is warm (not hot).

i mi milxe le ka tatpi — I'm tired to a moderate degree.

Related words: mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci

minde — x_1(entity) commands or orders x_2(entity) to bring about x_{3(event, state of x2)}

lo minde — commander. lo se minde — commanded. lo te minde — command (order).

i le mi'u turni pu minde mi le ka klama ca le drani — The manager ordered me to come on time.

Related words: lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe

minji — x_1(entity) is a machine for function x_{2(property of x1)}

lo minji — machine. lo se minji — function of a machine.

i ti minji le ka cpacu le djacu — This is an automated apparatus for getting water.

Comment: cabra is for devices controlled by external force, minji is for machines working automatically, zmiku is for robots in general.

Related words: cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami

minli — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) long distance units in standard x_{3(property of x1)} ...

i le mi'u dargu cu minli li re le ka ki'otre — The road is two kilometers long.

Comment: describes measurement of an object in one dimension. x₃ desribes the scale that might not be metric. jmagutci is used in the same way but for subjectively large objects.

Related words: jmagutci, clani, ganra, rotsu, condi, mitre, dekpu, merli, bunda, kramu

minra — x_1(entity) reflects or echoes x_2(entity) to observer x_3(entity) as x_4(entity)

lo se minra — reflected, echoed.

i le djacu pu minra le gusni be fi la sol la alis le marvele barna — Water reflected the sunlight that Alice could see as marvelous spots.

i le mi'u bitmu so'i roi minra le sance — The wall echoes the sound several times.

Related words: catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi

mintu — x_1(entity) is identical to x_2(entity) ; x₁ is x₂ ...

lo mintu — identical.

i tu noi nanmu gi'e dasni le pelxu cu mintu le patfu be do — That man wearing yellow is your father.

Comment: the same meaning as du but only has two places. For equality use dunli.

Related words: panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, du, simxu

mipri — x_1(entity) keeps x_2(entity) hidden from x_3(entity) ...

lo se mipri — concealed, hidden.

i mi pu mipri le mi'u torta le mi'u verba — I hid the pie from the child.

Related words: stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco

mirli — x_1(entity) is a deer of species x_2(taxon)

lo mirli — deer.

i co'a le ka jbena vau le mirli cu kakne le ka sanli — A baby deer can stand as soon as it is born.

Related words: mabru, danlu

misno — x_1(clause) is famous among x_2(entity)

lo misno — famous.

i la su'o da cu jai misno le pilno be la lojban — Someone (having such a name) is famous among Lojban speakers.

i le lisri be le nu pa le ralju dinju cu se darxi so'o vlipa dacti pu traji le ka misno le xabju be le bu'u gugde — The story of one of the main buildings being hit by some powerful objects was one of the most famous events for people of this country.

i la kevin co'a jai misno fai le ka finti le cfika — Kevin became famous as an author of fiction.

i la kevin pu zenba le ka jai misno fai le ka finti le cfika — Kevin rose to fame by writing fiction.

Related words: se sinma, banli

mitre — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) meters in x_{3(property of x1)} ...

i ti noi tanxe cu mitre li pa le ka clani — This box is one meter in length.

Related words: centi

mitysisku — x_1(entity) searches for x_2(entity) among x_3(entity)

lo mitysisku — searcher.

i mi mitysisku le sunla skaci le nenri be le vi kumfa — I'm looking for a woolen skirt among things in this room.

Related words: cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, marvele, facki

mixre — x_1(entity) is a mixture including x_{2(group of same type as x1)}

lo mixre — mixture. lo se mixre — ingredient of a mixture.

i le vacri cu mixre so'o gapci — Air is a mixture of several gases.

Related words: salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso

mlana — x_1(entity) is to the side of x_2(entity) ...

lo mlana — lateral.

i le mi'u tanxe cu mlana le mi'u bitmu — The box is to the side of the wall.

Related words: lamji, cpana, galtu

mlatu — x_1(entity) is a cat of species x_2(taxon)

lo mlatu — cat.

i le ka kucli cu catra le mlatu — Curiosity killed the cat.

i mi ralte pa mlatu e pa gerku — I keep a cat and a dog.

Comment: Also applies to feline animals like tigers, lions.

Related words: bramlatu, cinfo, ratcu, gerku

mleca — x_1(entity) is less than x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)} by amount x_4(entity)

lo mleca — less. lo se mleca — more.

i pe'i le tcati cu mleca le ckafi le ka kukte vau so'i da — I think tea is much less tasty than coffee.

Related words: se me'a, me'i, su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji

mledi — x_1(entity) is a mould or fungus of species x_2(taxon) ...

lo mledi — mould, fungus.

i le mledi pu sinxa le nu le mi'u kumfa cu cilmo — Mold was a sign that the room was damp.

Related words: clika

mligla — x_1(entity) is warm

lo mligla — warm.

i le vacri co'a mligla — The air became warm.

Related words: glare, milxe, lenku

mluni — x_1(entity) is a satellite orbiting x_2(entity) ...

lo mluni — satellite (in outer space). lo se mluni — celestial body with a satellite.

i so'i da rutni mluni le mi'u terdi — There are many satellites orbiting the Earth.

Related words: planeta, solri, lunra

mo [verb] — asks for a verb word (that should go into the place to which mo is put)

i do mo — How are you?

i la lojban cu mo — What is Lojban?

mo'a [digit/number] — too few

i mo'a snuji cu cpana le mi'u jubme — There are too few sandwiches on the table.

Comment: subjective estimate.

mo'i — marks event as reaching the state specified by the clause following mo'i

i do mo'i ca'u cadzu — You walk towards my front.

i ko catke mo'i zu'a — Push it to the left.

mo'o — turn number into numbered chapter

i pa mo'o pu zu ku zasti fa pa nanmu e pa ninmu — Chapter 1. Long ago lived a man and a woman.

Comment: suffix of a chapter or section number.

mo'u [preposition of aspect] — completing, being at the expected end (completive or telic aspect), mo'u nai — not having an end (incompletive or atelic aspect)

i xu do mo'u jukpa — Are you done with cooking?

i mi mo'u citka ro plise — I've eaten up all apples.

i mo'u nai ku mi pu zbasu le dinju ze'a le masti — I built houses for a month.

moi [verb] — turn number into verb denoting ordinal position

i le vi cukta cu me mi moi — This book is mine.

i mi ci moi le pendo le ka ce'u ce'u cinba — I kiss all but two of my friends.

i le cmaci cu ro moi le saske le ka ce'u ce'u zmadu fi le ka jai se djica mi fai le ka se tadni — Math is the last subject that I want to study.

i le vlaste cu jai pa moi fai le ka se catlu mi — I look into a dictionary first. Dictionaries are the first I look into.

Comment: x_1(entity) is the n-th member of x_2(entity) ordered by rule x_{3(relation between members of x2, contains two places for ce'u)}. The number (n) is put in front of moi. The two ce'u in the third place can specify the sequence in which members of the set are compared.

mokca — x_1(entity) is a point in time or at place x_2(entity)

lo mokca — instant, moment.

i le mi'u nu jamna cu mokca po'o le remna citri — The war is just a point in human history.

i le mi'u terdi cu mokca po'o le mi'u munje — The Earth is just a point in the Universe.

Related words: jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika

moklu — x_1(entity) is a mouth of x_2(entity)

lo moklu — mouth.

i e'e kalri fa le moklu be do — Open your mouth.

Related words: ctebi, denci, tance

molki — x_1(entity) is an industrial plant or mill performing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo molki — industrial plant, mill.

i ti molki le ka zalvi le gurni — This is a mill grinding grain.

Related words: gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi

molro — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) moles ...

i le tabno poi grake li pa re cu molro li pa — 12 grams of carbon is one mole in amount.

Related words: centi

monsuta — x_1(entity) is a monster

lo monsuta — monster.

i le mi'u monsuta pu cisma tai le ka kusru — The monster smiled in a cruel way (the monster's smile was cruel).

Related words: cizra, danlu, terpa

morji — x_1(entity) remembers x_{2(proposition)} about subject x_3(entity)

lo se morji — remembered.

i mi morji fi le bu'u tcadu fe le mi'u du'u pu za le nanca be li pa no no cu ralju tcadu le bu'u gugde — I remember about this city that 100 years ago it was the main city of this country.

i mi co'u morji le mi'u du'u sarcu fa le nu mi cusku ma kau — I forgot what to say.

Comment: morji describes memory of general knowledge (facts, concepts), vedli describes personal experience, autobiographical events, episodic memory.

Related words: ba'a nai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci

morna — x_1(entity) is a pattern of forms x_{2(entity group)} arranged according to rule x_{3(proposition)}

lo morna — pattern.

i mi nelci le morna be le pezli bei le mi'u du'u le gunma be ri cu cirkulo — I like patterns of leaves that form circles.

Related words: ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti

morsi — x_1(entity) is dead

lo morsi — dead.

i xo da pu co'a morsi — How many died?

Related words: jmive, catra, betri

mosra — x_1(clause) is friction due to rubbing of x_2(entity) against x_3(entity)

lo mosra — friction.

i le mi'u mlatu pu ru'i se mosra le kerfa be mi le milxe — The cat was mildly rubbing against my head.

i ai mi jai gau mosra fi le mi'u jubme fe le bukpu — I'm going to wipe the table with a cloth.

Related words: sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, pencu, spali

mraji — x_1(entity) is some rye of species x_2(taxon)

lo mraji — rye.

i ra crepu le mraji — He is harvesting rye.

Related words: gurni

mrilu — x_1(entity) mails or posts x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) from x_4(entity) in mail system x_5(entity)

lo mrilu — mailer. lo se mrilu — mailed. lo xe mrilu — mail system.

i mi pu mrilu pa se dunda pa pendo pa dizlo tcana pa sivni — I mailed a present to a friend from a local post office via a private mail system.

i mi pu mrilu pa notci fu le kibro — I sent a message via the internet.

Comment: in benji the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x₂ need not consist of discrete units.

Related words: benji, notci, xatra, tcana

mruli — x_1(entity) is a hammer for doing x_{2(property of x1)} with head x_3(entity) propelled by x_4(entity)

lo mruli — hammer. lo te mruli — head of a hammer.

i mi ne se pi'o pa mruli pu setca pa dinko le mi'u bitmu — Using a hammer I hammered a nail into the wall.

i ti zmiku mruli le ka setca le dinko se pi'o ce'u vau le barda le matra — This is an automatic hammer for nailing with a large head propelled by a motor.

Related words: tutci

mu [digit/number] — 5, five

i mu bakni pu zvati le mi'u purdi — There were 5 cows in the garden.

mu'a [interjection] — for example

i mi nelci le danlu noi mu'a du le gerku e le mlatu — I like animals like, for example, dogs and cats.

Related words: mupli

mu'i [preposition from mukti] — with the motive of ...

i mi pu penmi la alis mu'i le ka ciksi ro da — I met Alice in order to explain everything.

mu'o [vocative] — I am done talking. Over. That's all I can say (in radio communications), mu'o nai — more to come ... I am not done talking

i ro mai mi jinvi le mi'u du'u za'u cukta cu jai sarcu mu'o — Finally, I think that more books are necessary, I'm done.

i ja'o dai le mi'u za'u sonci pu cliva le mi'u tcadu mu'o nai lei mi tadni — As you may conclude, the soldiers left the city ... no, that's not the end of the story, my students.

mu'oi — turn foreign text into verb

i la alis cu mu'oi gy.prima donna.gy. — Alice is a prima donna.

Comment: turns text that can be not Lojbanic into a verb. The text is to be wrapped with pauses from both sides and with an additional Lojbanic word around them from both sides (this word must not be used within the text quoted). Usually the separating words is the name of the first letter of the language of the text quoted..

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi

mucti — x_1(entity) is immaterial

lo mucti — immaterial, not physical.

i le cmaci cu saske le mucti — Mathematics studies immaterial things.

Related words: marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo

mudri — x_1(entity) is some wood from tree x_2(entity)

lo mudri — wood.

i ti mudri le laldo — This is wood from old trees.

Related words: tricu, stani

mukti — x_{1(action, event, state)} is a motive for x_{2(action of x3, event)} done by agent x_3(entity)

lo mukti — motive. lo te mukti — who is motivated.

i le ka vasxu le vifne cu mukti fi mi fe le ka klama se ka'a le purdi — To breathe fresh air is my motive to go to a garden.

i le nu nitcu cu mukti ro nu finti — Necessity is the motive for every invention.

i mi te mukti le ka vitke la paris — I am going to visit Paris.

Comment: lo te zukte is usually used for goal, te zu'e for with goal.

Related words: mu'i, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura

mulno — x_1(entity) is complete, whole in property x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo mulno — complete.

i mi mulno le ka na kakne le ka tavla fo le fraso — I can't speak French at all.

i do mulno le ka jai fenki — You are completely crazy.

Related words: fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni

munje — x_1(entity) is a universe of x_2(entity) ...

lo munje — universe. lo se munje — domain of a universe.

i la alis cu se zdani le munje be le se xanri be vo'a — Alice lives in the world of her fantasies.

Related words: ciste, planeta, kensa, mulno

mupli — x_1(entity) is an example of x_{2(property of x1)} that all x_{3(entity set)} have

lo mupli — example.

i le danlu pendo pe mi cu mupli le ka ca da co'a morsi vau le mabru — My pet is an example that at one point all mammals die.

i ti mupli fi le titla vanju — This is an example of sweet wine.

i ti mupli fi le dinju poi jai tasmi le laldo nu enge — This is an example of old architecture among buildings.

Related words: pixra

murta — x_1(entity) is a curtain for covering x_2(entity) ...

lo murta — curtain. lo se murta — covered by a curtain.

i le dilnu cu murta le tsani — Clouds are curtains of the sky.

Related words: canko, vorme

muslo — x_1(entity) is Islamic or Moslem in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo muslo — Muslim, something Islamic.

i le mi'u za'u mei pu casnu le flalu be fi le muslo — They discussed Muslim law.

Related words: jegvo, lijda

mutce — x_1(entity) is extreme in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo mutce — extreme, very.

i ti mutce le ka kargu — This is very expensive.

i mi mutce le ka senpi — I highly doubt that.

Related words: milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli

muvdu — x_1(entity) moves to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) over route x_4(entity)

i le mi'u prenu cu muvdu le bartu le mi'u dinju le mi'u canko — The person is moving to the outside from the building via the window.

i la alis ba jai gau muvdu fai le mi'u tanxe pa drata kumfa — Alice will move the box to another room.

Comment: klama differs in that the means of motion is explicit, litru, cliva, fatri, dunda, benji is for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja is for similar movement with no agent implied.

Related words: rinci, klama, litru, cliva, fatri, dunda, benji, preja, bevri, vimcu

muzga — x_1(entity) is a museum or zoo for preserving x_2(entity) ...

lo muzga — museum.

i ai mi vitke le muzga be le danlu — I'm going to visit the Zoo.

i ma stuzi le mi'u muzga be le arte — Where is the museum of art?

Related words: citri

my [pronoun] — m (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like my is for the last lo mlatu used.

na [preposition of truth/falsehood] — It is not true that ...

i na ku le speni be mi cu citno — It's not true that my wife is young.

na [2nd meaning] — left negator in conjunctions

i la kevin pu ku prami na je cinba mi — Kevin didn't love but kissed me.

na'e [left scalar particle] — not ..., other than ... (on the scale). Modifies the construct to the right

i na'e vajni mi — It's not important to me.

i do ba na'e snada — You won't make it (won't succeed).

i na'e bo mi pu zukte — Not I did it.

na'i [interjection] — the clause doesn't make sense (metalinguistic negator)

i lu fe pa ractu ca ma fa do pu te vecnu li'u lu le mi'u ractu na'i li'u — "A rabbit, when did you buy it?" "I didn't buy a rabbit."

i lu i do jinvi ma le pelmeni li'u lu na'i i mi na se slabu zo pelmeni li'u — "What do you think of pelmeni?" "Nothing, I don't know this word."

Related words: na drani

na'o [preposition of aspect] — by default

i do na'o to'e se zdile — You are a boring person.

nabmi — x_{1(event, state)} is a problem to x_2(entity) ...

lo nabmi — problem.

i le ka ze'a denpa na nabmi mi — To wait for a while is not a problem for me.

Related words: retsku, se cfipu, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda, raktu

nai [1nd meaning: right scalar particle] — shows opposite meaning of interjection or interjection modifier

i ui i ui nai — Yay! Alas!

Comment: ui nai marks unhappiness, zo'o nai marks serious (non-humorous) remarks. Definitions of interjections and interjection modifiers contain meanings of them with nai too.

nai [2nd meaning: right scalar particle] — not, negates prepositions, pronouns

i si'u i si'u nai — With help. Without help.

nai [3rd meaning] — placed after a connective negates the part after that connective

i mi zgipli le pipno gi'e nai certu — I play the piano but I'm not an expert.

najnimre — x_1(entity) is an orange of species x_2(entity)

i e'o jisra le najnimre — Orange juice, please!

Related words: narju, nimre

nakni — x_1(entity) is a male of species x_2(taxon) with masculine traits x_{3(property of x1)}

lo nakni — male.

i ti nakni le mlatu le ka se nakpinji — This is a male cat since it has a penis.

Related words: fetsi, bersa

nakpinji — x_1(entity) is a penis of x_2(entity)

lo nakpinji — penis.

i le nakpinji be le mi'u bakni co'i muvdu le nenri be le mi'u vibna — The bull's penis has entered the vagina.

Related words: seksi, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti

nalci — x_1(entity) is a wing of x_2(entity)

lo nalci — wing. lo se nalci — winged.

i le nalci be le mi'u cipni cu spofu — The bird has its wing broken.

Related words: cipni, pimlu, rebla

namcu — x_1(number) is a number or value

lo namcu — number.

i li bi namcu — 8 is a number.

Related words: lerfu, mekso, klani

nanba — x_1(entity) is some bread ...

lo nanba — bread.

i e'o le blabi nanba e le matne — White bread and butter, please!

i mi pu smaka le mi'u nanba — I tasted the bread.

Related words: gurni, panlo, toknu

nanca — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) years long ...

lo nanca — year-long event.

i mi nanca li re mu — I am 25 years old.

i mi se zdani ti ze'a le nanca be li vo — I have been living here for 4 years.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one year in duration

Related words: detri, djedi, jeftu, masti

nandu — x_{1(property of x2)} is difficult or challenging for x_2(entity) ...

lo nandu — difficult, challenging.

i nandu mi fa le ka cadzu le vi boske — It's hard for me to wade through this forest.

Related words: frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa

nanla — x_1(entity) is a boy ...

lo nanla — boy.

i tu noi nanla cu mo — Who is that boy?

Related words: nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa

nanmu — x_1(entity) is a man

lo nanmu — man.

i o'i le mi'u nanmu cu jgari pa xarci — Careful, the man is holding a gun!

Related words: ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa

nanvi — x_1(entity) is 10^-9 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le jgalu cu nanvi le mitre le ka zenba le ka clani vau ca ro snidu — One nanometer is the length that a fingernail grows in one second.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

narge — x_1(entity) is a nut from plant x_2(entity) with shell x_3(entity) and kernel x_4(entity)

lo narge — nut. lo te narge — nut shell. lo ve narge — nut kernel.

i ti narge pa kokso le rotsu pa kukte — This is a coconut with a thick shell and a tasty kernel.

Related words: grute, stagi, jbari, midju

narju — x_1(entity) is orange (of color)

lo narju — orange.

i le mi'u solri cu narju — The sun is orange.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji

natfe — x_{1(proposition)} contradicts or denies x_{2(proposition)} ...

lo natfe — contradiction.

i le mi'u du'u la edvard pu zvati la nipon cu natfe le se sruma be mi — The fact that Eduard was in Japan contradicts my assumption.

Related words: tolna'e, nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra

natmi — x_1(entity) is nation or ethnic group of people x_2(entity)

lo natmi — nation.

i le se natmi be ma cu se zdani le vi se kuspe — People of what nationality live in this area?

i do se natmi ma — What is your nationality?

.i mi se natmi — I belong to an ethnic group.

Related words: jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu

navni — x_1(entity) is a quantity of inert gas ...

lo navni — inert gas.

i la argon cu navni — Argon is an inert gas.

Related words: xukmi, gapci

naxle — x_1(entity) is a channel, canal to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) with the route x_4(entity)

lo naxle — channel, canal.

i da jdika naxle pa lalxe pa rirxe le foldi be le se xrula — There is a narrow channel to a pool from a river, it goes through flower fields.

Related words: flu'ente, klama, pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu

nazbi — x_1(entity) is a nose of x_2(entity) ...

lo nazbi — nose.

i le nazbi be do cu lenku — Your have a cold nose.

Related words: degji, panci, sumne, tance

ne — which is about ... (a noun follows)

i mi pu cusku no da pe le mi'u nabmi — I said nothing about the problem.

i mi ne se mau do cu clani — I'm taller than you.

ne'a [preposition of place] — next to ..., beside ... (near)

i mi ca zvati vi le tcana — I'm near the station.

ne'i [preposition of place] — inside of ..., adverb: within

i le vacri ca lenku ne'i le zdani be mi — The air is cold inside my house.

i xu do kakne le ka viska ne'i le manku — Can you see in the dark?

nei [verb] — copies the current clause

i mi ca'o lumci le nei — I'm washing myself.

i do zbasu no da le se nei — You are making nothing out of nothing.

Comment: lo nei refers to the first place of the current clause, lo se nei to the second etc.

nejni — x_1(entity) is energy of x_{2(property of x3)} of object x_3(entity)

lo nejni — energy. lo se nejni — type of energy. lo te nejni — form of energy.

i ba barda fa le nejni be le ka muvdu bei ti noi rokci — It will consume a lot of energy to move this rock.

Related words: marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla

nelci — x_1(entity) likes x_{2(object, state)}

lo nelci — fancier. lo se nelci — liked.

i mi nelci ro nu do cusku le simsa — I like whenever you say such things.

i mi nelci le ckafi ne se mau — I prefer coffee.

Comment: prami is for to love, nelci is for to like.

Related words: cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo

nenri — x_1(entity) is inside x_2(entity)

lo nenri — inner. lo se nenri — outer.

i rau finpe cu nenri le vi rirxe — There are plenty of fish in this river.

i le mi'u ctuca pu klama le nenri — The teacher came in.

i mi pu punji fi le nenri be le minji be le nu lenku — I put it into the fridge.

Comment: se vasru is for containment that need not be total.

Related words: se vasru, jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca

ni'a [preposition of cardinal direction] — down from ..., adverb: under

i gau ko stodi ni'a lei papri — Keep it under papers.

ni'i [preposition from nibli] — logically because ..., adverb: with logical implications

i do srera fau le ka pilno le datni pe mi i ni'i bo u'u mi pu te mu'i nai smusku le jitfa — You are wrong when using my data just because (sorry!) I unintentionally said a false thing.

ni'o [paragraph break] — starts a new topic

i mi ze'u na tavla do ni'o ei mi ca cliva — I haven't talked to you in a long time. Well, now I should leave.

Comment: used to start paragraphs in written text.

ni'u [digit/number] — minus sign (number follows; by default any negative)

i li ni'u ci du li re vu'u mu — '-3 = 2 - 5'.

nibli — x_1(clause) implies x_{2(action, event, state)} ...

i da zo'u le ka djica da cu nibli le ka claxu da — Wanting something implies lacking it.

i le ka frili na nibli le ka xamgu — Being easy doesn't imply that it is good.

Related words: natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, ni'i, jalge, logji

nicte — x_1(entity) happens during nighttime of day x_2(clause) at location x_3(entity)

lo nicte — night-time.

i a'o pluka nicte — Good night! (a well-wish)

i mi ba zvati le boske ca le nicte be le cabdei bei vo'e — Tonight I will be in the forest.

Related words: donri, djedi, tcika

nikle — x_1(entity) is a quantity of nickel

lo nikle — nickel.

i le nikle cu me le jinme poi jdari gi'e se romge — Nickel is a hard metal with reflective surface.

Related words: jinme

nilce — furniture x_1(entity) furnishes x_2(entity) serving the function x_{3(proposition)}

lo nilce — furniture.

i le za'u vi te gusni cu nilce le mi'u kumfa le mi'u du'u ri jai zdile — These light sources furnishes the room making it amusing.

Related words: ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru

nimre — x_1(entity) is a piece of citrus fruit of species x_2(taxon)

lo nimre — citrus.

i ti noi nimre cu kukte gi'i kurki — Is this citrus sweet or bitter?

Related words: grute, slari, slami, xukmi

ninmu — x_1(entity) is a woman

lo ninmu — woman.

i pa melbi ninmu poi se kerfa le pelxu pu cadzu bu'u le mi'u panka — A pretty woman with yellow hair was walking in the park.

Related words: nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli

nirna — x_1(entity) is a nerve or neuron of x_2(entity)

lo nirna — nerve.

i le nirna be pa degji be mi cu spofu — Nerves in my finger don't work.

Related words: ve benji

nitcu — x_1(entity) needs x_2(clause) for purpose x_{3(action of x1, stage of process of x1)}

lo nitcu — in need.

i mi nitcu le ka volta le zdani vau le ka cpacu lei mi'u ckiku — I need to return home to get the keys.

Comment: nitcu is to be in need, sarcu is is necessary, is a requirement

Related words: banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji

nivji — x_1(entity) knits x_2(entity) from yarn x_3(entity)

lo te nivji — yarn for knitting.

i le mi'u nixli cu nivji pa creka le lanme sunla — The girl is knitting a sweater from fleece.

Related words: cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne

nixli — x_1(entity) is a girl ...

lo nixli — girl.

i le mi'u nixli cu cisma fa'a mi — The girl smiled at me.

Related words: nanla, verba, ninmu

no [digit/number] — 0, zero

i no bramlatu ca zvati le mi'u boske — There are no big cats in the forest.

no'a [verb] — copies the outer clause in which the current one is embedded excluding sei-clauses

i xu la alis cu zukte le se nupre be le no'a — Does Alice keep her words?

i mi gleki le nu no'a — I'm happy because I'm happy.

no'e [left scalar particle] — middle on the scale. Modifies the construct to the right

i le mi'u creka cu no'e cmalu — The shirt is medium in size.

i mi no'e certu tu'a la lojban — I'm fine in Lojban, neither a newbie, nor an expert.

i le vacri ca no'e glare — It's neither cold, nor hot now, it's in between.

no'i [paragraph break] — resumes the previous topic

i do zenba le ka certu tu'a la lojban no'i mi jinvi le mi'u du'u le jufra pe do na mulno drani — You are becoming more and more proficient in Lojban. Back to the previous topic, I think your sentence wasn't fully correct.

no'o [digit/number] — typical/average value

i mi se degji no'o da — I have a usual number of fingers.

nobli — x_1(entity) is noble in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo nobli — noble.

i le mi'u nixli cu nobli le ka tarti — The girl is aristocratic in her behavior.

i mi nobli le ka jbena ma kau — I am noble by birth.

Related words: banli

noi — turn clause into incidental relative clause

i mi nelci pa ninmu noi mi ta'e zgana bu'u le panka — I like a woman, whom I habitually see in the park.

i mi nelci pa ninmu — I like a woman.

i mi tavla do noi mi prami ke'a — I'm talking to you whom I love.

Comment: who, which. Starts relative clause that only adds additional information.

notci — x_{1(entity, text)} is a notice about x_2(entity) from author x_3(entity) ...

lo notci — message. lo se notci — subject of a message. lo te notci — author of a message.

i mi pu zukte le ka da notci le cipra gi'e se jufra lu mi'a nu'o djuno li'u — I made a statement about the experiment: "We don't know yet."

i le turni ba skicu pa notci be le cnino jikni — The governor will announce a new economic system.

Comment: skicu is to tell, cusku is to say, tavla is to talk, benji su'o notci is to notify. The second place of skicu is filled with a topic like skicu su'o dansu (tell about dancers), the second place of cusku is filled with a text like cusku zo dansu (to say "dance"")

Related words: xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji

nu [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

i mi gleki le nu do klama — I am happy that you came.

i le nu prami cu nu gunka — Loving is working.

Comment: x_{1 (clause)} is the state, process described in the clause that follows.

nu bu — refers to the last nu-clause used

i mi djica le nu do kansa mi i xu nu bu cumki — I want you to accompany me. Is this possible?

nu'e [vocative] — I promise, nu'e cu'i — No promises, nu'e nai — I take my promise back

i mi ba no roi zukte le simsa za'u re'u vau nu'e do — I will never do that again, I promise you.

i nu'e cu'i do mi ba troci — I'll try, but I don't promise anything.

i nu'e nai do i se la'u li du'e tilju — I take my promise back, it's too heavy.

nu'o [preposition of potential] — possibly can but actually not ...

i mi nu'o zvati tu noi panka — I have never been to the park over there.

i mi nu'o snada — I haven't succeeded yet.

Comment: not necessarily innately capable, describes what can potentially happen but actually hasn't (has happened zero times).

nudle — x_1(entity) is a noodle

lo nudle — noodles.

i mi pu citka le stasu poi vasru le nudle — I ate a soup with noodles.

i mi pu citka le nudle ca le cabdei pa re'u — Today was the first time I ate noodles.

Related words: nanba, skori, gurni, panlo, toknu

nukni — x_1(entity) has magenta color

lo nukni — magenta (color).

i le mi'u pa xrula cu nukni — The flower has a magenta color.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu

nupre — x_1(entity) promises or threatens of x_{2(event, state)} to x_3(entity)

lo se nupre — promised.

i mi pu nupre fi la alis le ka sidju ri va'o le nu ri smaji — I made Alice a promise to help her on condition that she keeps silence.

Related words: kajde, xusra

nurma — x_1(entity) is a countryside, rural area of x_2(entity)

lo nurma — countryside.

i le mi'u nurma cu jai pluka — The countryside is pleasant.

Related words: jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange

nutli — x_1(entity) is neutral in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo nutli — neutral.

i la lojban cu nutli le ka ma kau mapti ce'u le ka traji fi le kulnu — Lojban is neutral in terms of what culture matches it best.

Related words: midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, no'e

nuzba — x_{1(proposition)} is news about x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) to observer x_4(entity)

lo nuzba — news.

i ma nuzba — What's up? What are the news?

i no da nuzba fi mi fo do — No news from me for you.

i le nuzba be le mi'u tcini pu se terpa — News about the situation were frightening.

i nuzba fa le nu mi pu te vecnu pa fonxa — The news are that I bought a phone.

i le mi'u du'u no da nuzba cu xamgu nuzba — No news are good news.

Related words: cnino, notci

ny [pronoun] — n (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ny is for the last lo nobli used.

o [conjunction for nouns] — both or none

i la alis o la kevin cu lumci le kumfa — Either both Alice and Kevin clean a room or neither of them do.

Related words: jo, a, e, ji, o, u

o bu [pronoun] — o (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like o bu is for the last lo omle used.

o nai [conjunction for nouns] — either ... or ...

i do o nai mi lumci le mi'u kumfa — Either you clean the room or I do.

Related words: jo, a, e, ji, o, u

o'a [interjection] — pride, o'a cu'i — modesty/humility, o'a nai — How embarrassing. It makes me ashamed.

i o'a ca ti mi kakne le ka limna — Now I am able to swim.

i mi pu bilga o'a cu'i i fe bo mi sidju — It was just my duty, so I helped.

i o'a nai la alis nu'o bredi — What a shame, Alice is not ready yet.

i o'a nai se'i mi pu mrilu fi pa na drani — Oops, I mailed to a wrong address.

Related words: jgira, cumla, ckeji

o'e [interjection] — intimacy, closeness, rapport, o'e nai — distance

i o'e mi do ba kansa le ka vitke le mikce — I'll go with you to see the doctor.

i o'e nai doi le dirba mi na djuno — Dear, I don't know.

i o'e nai mi pensi — Leave me alone, I'm thinking.

Related words: kansa

o'i [interjection] — Danger! (caution), o'i nai — rashness, recklessness

i o'i pa karce ca crane — Be careful, a car ahead!

i o'i nai gunta — Go ahead, attack!

Related words: kajde, ckape

o'o [interjection] — Patience!, o'o cu'i — mere tolerance, o'o nai — impatience, intolerance

i o'o ko za'u re'u troci — Patience, try again!

i o'o cu'i ma pu mukti fi do — Ok, what was your motive to do it?

i o'o nai le mi'u mamta ca zvati ma — Where is the mother after all?

Related words: fengu, steba, denpa

o'u [interjection] — Phew! (relaxation), o'u cu'i — composure, balance, sobriety, phlegm, o'u nai — stress, anxiety

i o'u ba'o vlile tcima — Phew, the storm is over.

i o'u cu'i mi pu tinbe le se flalu — I followed the law.

i o'u nai le bersa be mi za'o na volta — My son is still not back.

Related words: surla, dunku

oi [interjection] — Darn! Ouch! Hmph (complaint), oi nai — pleasure

i le oi tuple be mi — Ouch, my leg!

i oi nai vifne djacu — Fresh water, how nice.

Related words: pante, pluka, kufra

omle — x_1(entity) is an omelet containing x_2(entity)

lo omle — omelette, omelet.

i mi ba citka le omle be le sovda jo'u le tamca — I will eat an omelette made with eggs and tomatoes.

Comment: use ce to specify components of the omelette in x₂.

Related words: torta, sanmi, salta, nanba, sovda, ladru

pa [digit/number] — 1, one

i pa planeta cu xamgu lei remna — There is one planet for humanity.

pa'a [preposition from panra] — otherwise equal to ..., adverb: similarly

i le mi'u ninmu ne pa'a la alis cu se kanla le crino — The woman is like Alice except that the woman has green eyes.

Comment: the clause itself describes the only difference between nouns compared.

pa'e [interjection] — Speaking impartially, pa'e nai — prejudice

i pa'e le mi'u stasu cu xlali — In my unbiased opinion, the soup is terrible.

i pa'e nai le za'u pixra poi mi finti cu traji le ka zabna — Of course, I'm biased, but my paintings are the best.

Related words: vrude, nutli, pajni

pa'o [preposition of place] — passing through ...

i ta'i da do pu pu'i limna pa'o le mi'u rirxe — Somehow, you were able to swim across the river.

pacna — x_1(entity) hopes for x_2(event) estimating its likelihood as x_{3(number: from 0 to 1)}

lo se pacna — hope (expected event).

i mi pacna fi li so'a fe le nu solri ba zi — I hope it will be sunny soon.

i mi pacna fi li so'u fe le nu do klama — I wish you came.

Related words: djica

pagbu — x_1(entity) is a part or piece of x_2(entity)

lo pagbu — part.

i le risna cu pagbu le xadni — Heart is a part of body.

Related words: mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi

pagre — x_1(entity) penetrates barrier x_2(entity) to destination x_3(entity) from origin x_4(entity)

i le mi'u trene mo'u pagre le mi'u manku kevna pa nurma le jarbu — The train passed the dark hole to reach a rural area from the suburbs of the city.

Related words: bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve

pai [digit/number] — number pi (approximately 3.14159)

i li pai du li ji'i ci pi pa vo pa mu so — The number π (pi) is approximately 3.14159.

i le nenri be le cirkulo be li re pi'i ry cu klani li pai pi'i ry te'o re — The area of a circle of diameter "2 × r" is equal to π × r².

pajni — x_1(entity) judges matter x_{2(proposition)}

lo pajni — judge. lo se pajni — matter judged.

i le mi'u te cange pu pajni le mi'u du'u xu kau le grute cu makcu — The farmer was deciding whether fruits were ripe.

Comment: pajni is for judging matters, jdice is for actual decisions, cuxna is for deciding (choosing) on something out of options.

Related words: cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa

palci — x_1(entity) is immoral, evil by standard x_{2(proposition)}

lo palci — wicked, evil, immoral.

i pu se palci do fa le ka lebna le jdini — It was wicked of you to take money.

Related words: zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla

palku — x_1(entity) is a pair of pants or trousers ...

lo palku — trousers, pants.

i xu do ca dasni le palku — Are you wearing trousers?

Related words: taxfu, pastu, skaci

palma — x_1(entity) is a palm tree of species x_2(taxon)

lo palma — palm tree.

i mi pu cpare le palma tricu — I climbed a palm tree.

Related words: tricu, kokso, grasu, narge

palne — x_1(entity) is a tray or platter with contents x_2(entity) ...

lo palne — tray, platter.

i ti palne le palta jo'u le kabri — This is a tray with plates and cups on it.

Related words: tansi, patxu, palta, ckana

palpi — x_1(entity) touch-feels, palpates surface x_2(entity)

i mi palpi le sefta be le najnimre i ri se sefta le xutla — I can touch-feel the surface of an orange. It is soft.

Related words: pencu, sefta, ganse

palta — x_1(entity) is a plate or saucer ...

lo palta — plate, saucer.

i mi pu jai gau porpi fai le palta — I broke a plate.

i le mi'u palta co'a porpi — The plate got broken.

Comment: lo kabri is normally lifted when eaten from it, lo palta is not.

Related words: ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana

pambe — x_1(entity) is a pump inserting fluid x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) from x_4(entity) ...

lo pambe — pump.

i ti pambe le vacri le xislu le bartu — This is a pump for filling up the air into wheels from the outside.

Related words: gapci, litki, rinci, fepri, risna, rinci, tutci

panci — x_1(entity) is a smell emitted by x_2(entity) detected by observer x_3(entity)

lo panci — smell, fragrance.

i mi sumne le panci be le najnimre i ri se panci le xrula — I can smell a scent of an orange. It has a scent of flowers.

i mi te panci le najnimre le xrula — I can smell an orange smelling of flowers.

i le mi'u kumfa cu je'a se panci le mabla — The room really stinks.

i iu nai panci fa le kalci — Yuck, it smells like shit.

Related words: nazbi, sumne, cpina, vrusi

panje — x_1(entity) is some sponge

lo panje — sponge.

i le mi'u panje cu cokcu le so'i djacu — The sponge absorbs a lot of water.

Comment: cokcu is for a generalized absorbant.

Related words: cokcu

panka — x_1(entity) is a park ...

lo panka — park.

i mi se pluka le ka cadzu bu'u le panka fau le ka kansa lei pendo be mi — I like to walk in the parks with my friends.

Related words: sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi

panlo — x_1(entity) is a slice of x_2(entity)

lo panlo — slice. lo se panlo — sliced.

i ti panlo le nanba — This is a slice of bread.

Related words: spisa, pagbu, nanba

panpi — x_1(entity) is at peace with x_2(entity)

i le mi'u mensi ca panpi le bruna be vo'a — The sister is now at piece with her brother.

Related words: jamna, sarxe, smaji, tugni, cilce, jamna

panra — x_1(entity) is parallel, similar to x_2(entity) differing only in x_{3(property of x1)} ...

lo panra — parallel, congruent. lo te panra — the only difference.

i zo pacna zo kanpe panra le ka valsi le ka djica — The word pacna is parallel to kanpe differing in that pacna describes desire and kanpe doesn't.

Comment: to describe the difference feature of x₂ use se panra to make it x₁.

Related words: pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici

pante — x_1(entity) protests or complains about x_{2(event, state)} to x_3(entity) ...

lo pante — protester.

i za'u pa gunka pu pante le ka te pleji ma kau vau lei turni ta'i le ka de'a gunka — Workers complained about their salary to the management by halting their work.

Related words: xarnu

panzi — x_1(entity) is a child of x_2(entity)

lo panzi — offspring. lo se panzi — biological parent.

i le mi'u nixli cu panzi la alis — The girl is Alice's child.

Related words: grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu

papri — x_1(entity) is a page of book or document x_2(entity)

lo papri — page. lo se papri — paged document, paged book.

i ko catlu ti noi papri le cukta — Look at this page of the book.

Related words: karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska

parbi — fraction x_1(number) is a ratio of x_2(entity) with respect to x_{3(same type as x2)}

lo parbi — fraction. lo se parbi — numerator. lo te parbi — denominator.

i li re parbi li vo li re — 2 is the ratio of 4 with respect to 2.

i le cmalu cu parbi le temci be le cabna bei le nu cliva vau le temci be le nu cliva bei le nu volta — It's a small fraction of the time from now until leaving with respect to the time from leaving until returning.

Related words: frinu, dilcu, mekso

parji — x_1(entity) is a parasite of x_2(entity)

lo parji — parasite.

i le vi curnu cu parji le xarju — This worm is a parasite in pigs.

Related words: civla

participe — x_1(entity) participates in the event x_{2(property of x1)}

lo participe — participant, character (in a story or play).

i ma ba participe le ka casnu — Who will participate in the discussion?

Related words: zvati, zukte, cmima, fasnu, cabna, vitke

pastu — x_1(entity) is a robe ...

lo pastu — robe, gown.

i do poi dasni ti noi pastu cu simlu le ka citno nixli — In this dress, you look like a young girl.

Related words: kosta, taxfu, palku

patfu — x_1(entity) is a father of x_2(entity)

lo patfu — father. lo se patfu — child of a father.

i le patfu be mi cu gunka bu'u la tokiios — My father works in Tokio.

Related words: mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda

patlu — x_1(entity) is a potato of species x_2(taxon)

lo patlu — potato.

i au pei stasu le patlu — Would you like potato soup?

Related words: genja, jalna, samcu

patxu — x_1(entity) is a pot with contents x_2(entity) ...

lo patxu — pot, sink. lo se patxu — contents of a pot.

i mi pu bevri pa patxu be le djacu — I brought a pot of water.

Related words: tansi, palne, baktu, botpi

pau [interjection] — optional question marker, pau nai — marks the question as a rhetorical one

i pau do retsku le se du'u ma krinu su'o nu balvi vau ji su'o nu pilno — You are asking of what is the reason for something happening in the future, and/or in usage. What is that reason, and is it for something happening in the future, a usage, or both?

i le prenu cu bebna ki'u ma pau nai — Why people are so stupid?

Comment: pau marks the question as non-rhetorical, in other words, the one that is expected to be answered. pau may be used for expressing symbol "¿" in Spanish.

Related words: retsku

pe — that is about ... (a noun follows)

i ti du le pa karce pe la alis — This is a car of my friend.

i le pendo be mi cu jai fenki i le pendo pe mi cu jai fenki — My friend is crazy.

i ti me le karce pe mi — It's my own car.

Comment: lo mi pendo is the same as lo pendo pe mi.

pe'a — marks a construct as figurative, non-literal, metaphorical, pe'a nai — marks a construct as having literal meaning

i le ditcu cu jdini pe'a — Time is money.

i le mi'u nanmu cu lanbi pe'a — He is a "sheep" (figuratively).

i mi xagji pe'a le ka tavla — I'm hungry for talking.

i mi xagji pe'a nai — I'm literally hungry.

pe'i [interjection] — In my opinion. I think

i pe'i do drani — I think you are right.

i pe'i vamji fa le nu retsku — I think it's worth asking.

Comment: for thinking (musing upon something) use pensi.

Related words: jinvi

pei [interjection modifier] — what is your attitude to it?, how do you feel about it? (asks for the attitude)

i au pei mi kansa do — Do you want me to accompany you?

i pei mi'o zvati le mi'u te salci — What about going to the party?

Comment: can be used either on its own or as a modifier of interjection.

pelji — x_1(entity) is some paper ...

lo pelji — paper.

i mi pu ciska pa xatra le blabi pelji — I wrote a letter on a white paper.

Related words: karni, papri, prina

pelmeni — x_1(entity) is a piece of dumplings/pelmeni containing x_2(entity)

lo pelmeni — dumplings, ravioli, pelmeni, dim sum (Hongkong/Xianggang cuisine).

i xu do su'o roi smaka le rusko pelmeni — Have you at least once tasted Russian pelmeni?

Comment: see nanba, rectu, sanmi.

Related words: rectu, nanba, cilmo

pelxu — x_1(entity) is yellow

lo pelxu — yellow.

i le'e badna cu pelxu — A typical banana is yellow.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji

pemci — x_1(text) is a poem about x_2(entity) ...

lo pemci — poem. lo se pemci — subject of a poem.

i mi finti le pemci be le vrici prenu — I create poems about different people.

Related words: prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga

penbi — x_1(entity) is a pen using ink x_2(entity) ...

lo penbi — pen. lo se penbi — ink of a pen.

i tu penbi le blanu e nai le xekri — That is a blue, not black pen.

Related words: ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu

pencu — x_1(entity) touches x_2(entity) ...

lo se pencu — touched.

i mi pu pencu le vorme ta'i le ka pilno pa canpa — I touched a worm with a spade.

Comment: for the touch feeling use palpi.

Related words: ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zgana

pendo — x_1(entity) is a friend to x_2(entity)

lo pendo — friend.

i xu la alis cu pendo do — Is Alice your friend?

Related words: bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi

penmi — x_1(entity) encounters or meets x_2(entity) at x₃

lo se penmi — encountered. lo te penmi — venue.

i mi mutce se pluka le ka penmi do — I am pleased to meet you.

i mi pu penmi pa cizra prenu le jipno be le mi'u cmana — I encountered a strange person at the tip of the mountain.

Comment: x₃ denotes a place where participants gather together.

Related words: jorne, jikca, pencu

pensi — x_1(entity) ponders, is pensive about x_{2(property of x1)}

lo pensi — thinker. lo se pensi — thought.

i mi pensi le nu mi pu zvati ma kau — I'm thinking of where I was.

i mi pu pensi le nu mi volta le mi'u zdani — I was thinking of returning back home.

Comment: jinvi - to have an opinion that..., jdice - to make a decision.

Related words: pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami

perli — x_1(entity) is a pear of species x_2(taxon)

lo perli — pear.

i mi binxo le perli se ja'e le nu mi citka le perli — I become a pear because I eat pears.

Related words: grute

pesxu — x_1(entity) is jam, paste, dough ...

lo pesxu — paste.

i au flaume pesxu — I'd like some plum jam.

Related words: marxa, kliti, tarla

petso — x_1(entity) is 10¹⁵ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le gusni cu petso le mitre be li ji'i so pi mu le ka muvdu ca ro nanca — 1 light-year is approximately 9.5 Petameters (Pm).

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

pezli — x_1(entity) is a leaf of plant x_2(entity)

lo pezli — leaf. lo se pezli — plant with leaves.

i le pezli be le tricu co'a pelxu ca le critu — Leaves of tress become yellow in the autumn.

Related words: tricu, papri, spati

pi [digit/number] — radix point (number base; by default decimal)

i le vacri ca kelvo li ji'i re so ci pi mu — It's around 293.5 degrees Kelvin (20.5 degrees Celsius).

pi'e [digit/number] — separates number into parts of different bases

i ko tcidu le te fendi poi pa pi'e ci mu moi — Read the section 1.35.

pi'i — multiplication operator (symbol × or ⋅ in math)

i li re pi'i mu du li pa no — 2 × 5 = 10.

pi'u [conjunction] — forms Cartesian product of sets

i le mango o nai bo le plise o nai bo le perli pi'u le xunre a bo le pelxu cu vo mei — The Cartesian product of mangoes, apples and pears that are either red or yellow has 6 members.

Comment: elements are combined by taking only one element from each set and all such possible combinations form a new set that is called Cartesian product.

picti — x_1(entity) is 10^-12 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le ratni be le cidro cu picti le mitre be li re mu le ka klani ma kau — The atom of hydrogen is 25 picometers in size.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

pijne — x_1(entity) is a pin for piercing x_2(entity) ...

lo pijne — pin. lo se pijne — pierced by a pin.

i ko dunda fi mi fe pa pijne be le pelji — Give me a pin for fastening paper.

Related words: jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci

pikci — x_1(entity) pleads or begs x_2(entity) for x_{3(property of x2)}

i la kevin pu pikci la alis le ka stali — Kevin begged Alice to stay.

Related words: cpedu, pindi

pikta — x_1(entity) is a ticket entitling x_2(entity) to x_{3(event of x2, state of x2)} ...

lo pikta — ticket. lo se pikta — ticket holder.

i mi pu te vecnu re pikta be le verba bei le ka klama la boston — I bought two child tickets to Boston.

Related words: jaspu

pilda — x_1(entity) is pale

lo pilda — pale.

i le flira be do cu pilda i ma krinu — Your face is pale. What happened?

Related words: kandi, blabi, grusi

pilji — x_1(number) is the product of x_2(number) multiplied by x_3(number)

lo pilji — product of multiplication.

i li bi pilji li re li vo — 8 = 4 x 2.

Related words: mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge

pilka — x_1(entity) is a crust, peel of x_2(entity)

lo pilka — crust, peel.

i le mi'u najnimre co'u se pilka — The orange has been peeled off.

i mi pu vimcu le pilka be le mi'u plise — I peeled the apple off.

i le pilka be le mi'u plise cu cinla — The peel of the apple is thin.

Related words: grute, calku, skapi, gacri

pilno — x_1(entity) uses x_2(entity) for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo pilno — user. lo se pilno — used.

i le mi'u nixli pu pilno pa skami le ka facki le se nitcu — The girl used a computer to get the necessary information.

Related words: tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte, se pi'o, sazri, jibri

pimlu — x_1(entity) is a feather of x_2(entity)

lo pimlu — feather. lo se pimlu — feathered.

i ti pimlu le cipni pe mi — This is a feather of my bird.

Related words: cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi

pinca — x_1(entity) is urine of x_2(entity)

lo pinca — urine.

i le pinca be ko cu zvati le patxu — Pee to the pot.

Related words: vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi

pincivi — x_1(entity) pees, pisses, excretes urine, urinates x_2(entity)

i le se pincivi be ko cu zvati le patxu — Pee to the pot.

i gau le betka ra pincivi le xunre — Due to beetroots, he pissed red.

Related words: pinca, vikmi

pindi — x_1(entity) is poor in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo pindi — poor.

i le mi'u nakni cu pindi le ka ponse no xirma — He is poor in that he doesn't own a horse.

Comment: x₂ specifies the actual state of affairs that describes why x₁ is considered poor.

Related words: ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci

pinfu — x_1(entity) is a prisoner of x_2(entity) restrained by action x_{3(property of x2)}

lo pinfu — prisoner. lo te pinfu — means of imprisonment.

i mi'a pu pinfu le zdani be mi'a le nu snime carvi — We became prisoners of our home due to the snowfall.

Related words: zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce

pinka — x_{1(entity, text)} is a comment about x_2(entity) ...

lo pinka — comment, remark. lo se pinka — subject of a comment.

i mi pu cusku fi lei rirni fe pa pinka be le nu pu se srera fa le mi'u nu klama le bartu ca le nu carvi — I commented to the parents that going outside while it had been raining had been a mistake.

i au nai mi cusku le pinka — I have no comment.

i le mi'u nakni pu cusku le zabna pinka be le mi'u cukta — He made a nice comment about the book.

Related words: cusku, notci, jinvi, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska

pinsi — x_1(entity) is a pencil with marking material x_2(entity) ...

lo pinsi — pencil, crayon.

i ti pinsi le xunre — This is a red pencil.

Related words: ciska, penbi, burcu, bakri

pinta — x_1(entity) is level, horizontal in frame of reference x_2(entity)

lo pinta — horizontal.

i le nanmu pu ku pinta gi'e la'a sipna — The man was in horizontal position and was probably sleeping.

Related words: sraji, plita, xutla

pinxe — x_1(entity) drinks x_2(entity) out of x_3(entity)

lo pinxe — drinker. lo se pinxe — something drunk, beverage.

i mi pinxe le tcati le mi'u kabri — I drink tea from the cup.

i mi pu pinxe le glare ckafi pa kabri — I drank a cup of hot coffee from a cup.

Related words: cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje

pipno — x_1(entity) is a piano or other keyboard musical instrument

lo pipno — piano.

i xu do zgipli le pipno — Do you play the piano?

Related words: zgike

pixra — x_1(entity) is a picture of x_2(entity) made by x_3(entity) ...

lo pixra — picture. lo se pixra — pictured.

i ti pixra pa zbani mi poi pu zvati la nipon — This is a picture of the coast that I made when I was in Japan.

Related words: ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina

plana — x_1(entity) is fat or obese in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo plana — fat, obese, swollen.

i le mi'u nanla cu plana le ka se betfu — The boy is fat with his belly.

Related words: cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu

planeta — x_1(entity) is a planet

lo planeta — planet.

i le mi'u terdi cu melbi planeta — The Earth is a beautiful planet.

Related words: lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje

platu — x_1(entity) plots, designs x_2(entity) for purpose x_{3(state of x2, process of x2)}

lo platu — designer. lo se platu — plot. lo te platu — purpose of a plot.

i mi platu le ka klama la nipon vau le ka surla — I'm planning to go to Japan to take rest.

Related words: cartu

pleji — x_1(entity) pays x_{2(entity, property of x1)} to x_3(entity) for x_{4(entity, property of x1)}

lo pleji — payer. lo se pleji — payment. lo te pleji — payee. lo ve pleji — something paid for.

i mi pu pleji le se jerna le bersa be mi le ka sidju mi — I paid my son for what he earned for helping me.

Related words: canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma, cirko, dirba

plibu — x_1(entity) is a pubic area of x_2(entity)

lo plibu — pubic area, external genitalia.

i la edvard pu darxi le plibu be mi se pi'o le jamfu — Eduard hit my pubis with a foot.

Related words: seksi, gletu, nakpinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla

plipe — x_1(entity) jumps to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) through route x_4(entity) ...

i le mlatu pu plipe le bartu le dertu le galtu be le mi'u bitmu — The cat jumped to the outside from the ground over the fence.

Related words: bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti

plise — x_1(entity) is an apple of species x_2(taxon)

lo plise — apple.

i le mi'u za'u plise cu makcu — The apples are ripe.

Comment: lo plise poi grute is @@apple fruit, lo plise poi tricu is @@apple tree. plise alone can denote either of them.

Related words: grute, tricu

plita — x_1(entity) is a geometrical plane defined by points x_{2(entity set)}

lo plita — plane (shape).

i le toldi poi cpare le za'u xrula pe le mi'u loldi co'a se plita le melbi — Butterflies creeping along the flowers formed a beautiful flat shape.

Related words: xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta

plixa — x_1(entity) ploughs x_2(entity) using x_3(entity) ...

lo plixa — plowman, ploughman. lo se plixa — ploughed, plowed. lo te plixa — plough, plow.

i le mi'u te cange pu plixa le dertu pa barda — The farmer ploughed the ground using a large plow.

Related words: kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro

plixau — x_1(entity) is useful for user x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo plixau — useful.

i le ka tavla cu plixau do le rinka be le nu do certu la lojban — Talking would be useful for you in becoming an expert in Lojban.

Related words: pilno, xamgu, melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna

pluja — x_1(entity) is complex in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo pluja — complex.

i le mi'u tcini cu pluja le ka se ciksi — The situation is hard to explain.

Related words: cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena

pluka — x_{1(event, state)} pleases x_2(entity) ; x₂ enjoys x₁ ...

lo pluka — pleasant event. lo se pluka — pleased, glad.

i mi se pluka le ka kelci la tenis — I like playing tennis.

i mi se pluka le ka limna le xamsi — I enjoy swimming in the sea.

Related words: rigni, melbi, nelci, prami

pluta — x_1(entity) is a route to x_2(entity) from x_{3(entity) (entity set)} ...

lo pluta — route.

i pluta le aftobuso tcana ti fa le nu klama le zunle gi'e ba bo ze'a klama le crane gi'e ba bo klama le pritu — The route to the bus station from here is the following: you turn left, then go straight for a while, and then turn right.

Comment: for means to a goal lo se zukte is to be used.

Related words: litru, flu'ente, naxle, dargu, klaji, tcana, ve klama, tadji, zukte, klama, pagre

po'e — that inalienably belongs to ... (a noun follows)

i le cidni po'e mi cu cortu — My knee aches.

Comment: po'e is used organs, limbs of body, for parental relationships. pe is a more generic particle.

po'o [interjection] — uniquely, only, solely (the only relevant case), po'o cu'i — for one (not excluding other), po'o nai — among others

i le troci ku po'o snada i je ku'i le troci po'o cu fliba — Only the one who tries, succeeds, and the one who only tries, fails.

i po'o mi na kansa le mi'u fetsi — The only thing is, I'm not with her.

i mi pu te vecnu le jisra ku po'o — I bought only some juice.

i mi na zanru le ve sfasa noi po'o cu'i zekri — I don't approve of punishments which, for one, are a crime.

i mi pu te vecnu le titla ku po'o nai — I bought candies among other things.

Related words: pa mei, mulno, te panra

poi — turn clause into relative clause

i le mi'u nakni pu co'a speni pa ninmu poi pu se penmi bu'u le zarci — He married a woman met in the store.

i le mi'u nakni pu co'a speni pa ninmu — He married a woman.

Comment: that. Starts restrictive relative clause. Removing the relative clause with poi changes the meaning of the sentence.

polje — x_1(entity) folds x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo se polje — folded. lo te polje — fold, wrinkle, creae.

i mi pu polje pa boxfo so'i da — I wrinkled the sheet of paper in several places.

Related words: korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna

ponjo — x_1(entity) is Japanese in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ponjo — Japanese.

i xu ti me le misno ke ponjo finpe — Is this a famous Japanese fish?

Related words: xazdo, daplu, jungo, rusko

ponse — x_1(entity) owns x_2(entity) under law x_{3(proposition)}

lo ponse — owner, proprietor. lo se ponse — possessed, property (possessed).

i le mi'u prenu cu ponse pa karce le zekri — The person owns the car illegally (not under official law).

Related words: ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle

porpi — x_1(entity) breaks or shatters into pieces x_2(entity)

lo se porpi — piece of something broken.

i le mi'u palta mo'u porpi so'i cmalu — The plate broke into many small pieces.

Related words: spoja, se katna, xrani, spofu

porsi — x_{1(entity full set)} is a sequence ordered by rules x_{2(relation between members of x1, contains two places for ce'u)} on unordered x_{3(entity full set of same type as x1)}

lo porsi — sequence.

i li pa ce'o li re ce'o li ci cu porsi le ka ce'u mleca ce'u vau le namcu — 1, 2, 3 is a sequence of numbers where a number to the left is less than the number to the right.

i mi pu ganse le po'o porsi be fi le valsi i je mi na pu jimpe le smuni be le mi'u porsi — I could only see a sequence of words, the sequence the meaning of which I couldn't understand.

Related words: fatne, ce'o, lidne, liste, cmima

porto — x_1(entity) is Portuguese in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo porto — Portuguese.

i le mi'u ninmu cu tavla fo le porto — She speaks Portuguese.

Related words: brazo

prali — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is a profit or benefit to x_2(entity) resulting from x_{3(property of x2)}

lo prali — profit, benefit.

i ma prali do le ka tcidu le se cukta poi vasru no pixra — What the use to you of reading a book that has no pictures?

Related words: vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle

prami — x_1(entity) loves x_{2(object, state)}

lo prami — lover. lo se prami — loved.

i mi prami do — I love you.

Comment: prami is to love, nelci is to like.

Related words: cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni

prane — x_1(entity) is perfect or ideal in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo prane — perfect.

i xu mi na prane le ka melbi — Am I not perfect in my beauty?

i mi prane le ka vitke le rirni de'i ro li jy dy ze — I visit my parents every Sunday without fail.

Related words: manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno

preja — x_1(entity) spreads over x_{2(state of x1)} from initial state x_{3(state of x1)}

lo se preja — area of expansion.

i le carvi pu fanta le nu le fagri cu preja le boske le mi'u foldi — The rain kept the fire from spreading to the forest from the field.

Related words: tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji

prenu — x_1(entity) is a person

lo prenu — person, people, folk.

i xo prenu ca zvati le bu'u kumfa — How many people are in this room now?

Comment: lo remna is human. In fairy tales and fantastic stories animals and alien beings from other planets can be called lo prenu - persons.

Related words: nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi

preti — x_1(text) is a question about x_2(entity) ...

lo preti — question. lo se preti — subject of a question.

i mi pu cusku le preti poi du lu ma nuzba li'u — I asked a question, "What are the news?"

Related words: retsku, cusku, nabmi, danfu, ciksi, spuda, cpedu

prije — x_1(entity) is wise about matter x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo prije — wise, sage.

i do pu ja'a sai prije le ka skicu la'e di'u mi — It was really wise of you to tell me about it.

i mi pu prije le ka vecnu le mi'u karce — You were wise to sell the car.

Related words: bebna

prina — x_1(entity) is a print on x_2(entity) made by x_3(entity)

lo prina — print. lo se prina — surface printed on. lo te prina — printer.

i le mi'u minji na te prina le pelji le papri — The machine isn't printing the document on the paper.

Related words: cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna

pritu — x_1(entity) is to the right of x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo pritu — right (direction).

i le mi'u nanmu cu pritu le mi'u dinju mi — The man is to the right of the house from my position.

Related words: ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle

proga — x_1(entity) is a computer program for doing x_2(clause)

lo proga — computer program.

i mi co'i finti pa proga be le nu zmiku satre le mlatu — I have written a computer program for giving cats strokes automatically.

Related words: sampla, skami, jai gau farvi, finti, ciska, pensi, mlatu

prosa — x_1(text) is prose about x_{2(entity) (entity) (entity)} ...

lo prosa — prose, prosaic text.

i ti cukta le prosa be le za'u kulnu — This book contains prose about cultures.

Related words: cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti

protoni — x_1(entity) is a proton

lo protoni — proton.

i le protoni cu kantu — Proton is an elementary particle.

Related words: kantu

pruce — x_1(clause) is a process with input x_2(entity) and output x_3(entity) via stages x_{4(entity ordered group)}

lo pruce — process. lo se pruce — process input. lo te pruce — process output. lo ve pruce — stage of a process.

i le nu zbasu le nanba cu pruce le purmo jo'u le djacu jo'u le sovda le nanba le nu mixre vo'e vau jo'u ba bo le nu jukpa — Making bread is a process with ingredients flour, water and eggs where one mixes them and then cooks.

Related words: farvi, tadji, grute, tcini

prulamdei — x_1(clause) is yesterday, the day before the day x_2(clause)

lo prulamdei — yesterday, the day before.

i pu carvi ca le prulamdei — It rained yesterday.

i mi pu penmi le mi'u nakni ca le prulamdei be le nu le mi'u nakni cu cliva — I met him the day before he left.

Related words: djedi, cabdei, bavlamdei, cedra, ditcu

pruni — x_1(entity) is elastic

lo pruni — elastic, spring (elastic).

i le mi'u bolci cu plipe ki'u le ka pruni — The ball bounces because it is elastic.

Related words: ckabu, tcena

pruxi — x_1(entity) is a ghost

lo pruxi — ghostly, spiritual, ethereal.

i xu do terpa tu'a le pruxi — Are you afraid of ghosts?

Related words: censa, lijda, mucti, xadni

pu [preposition of tense] — before ... (in time), adverb: in past (expresses past tense)

i mi pu na viska le mi'u mlatu — I didn't see the cat.

i mi pu prami pa nanmu — I loved one man.

i mi ba tavla do pu le nu do cliva — I will talk to you before you leave.

pu'i [preposition of potential] — possibly can and at least once actually is or does ...

i xu do pu'i viska le fange ke vofli dacti — Have you ever seen an unidentified flying object?

i mi djuno i ki'u bo mi pu'i tavla la alis — I know, since I've already talked to Alice.

Comment: describes what can potentially happen and has already happened at least once.

pu'o [preposition of aspect] — to be about to do or be ... (prospective aspect)

i mi pu'o citka le rectu — I'm about to eat meat.

pulce — x_1(entity) is dust ...

lo pulce — dust.

i le pulce pu gacri le mi'u loldi — Dust covered the floor.

i le pulce brife cu muvdu ti — A dust storm is coming.

i le mi'u dargu cu culno le pulce — The road is dusty.

Related words: te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu

pulji — x_1(entity) is a police officer enforcing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo pulji — police officer.

i le mi'u prenu cu pulji le nu le klaji cu smaji — The person is a police officer enforcing silence in the street.

Related words: catni, sonci, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati

pulni — x_1(entity) is a pulley used for x_{2(action of x1)} rotating on x_3(entity)

lo pulni — pulley. lo te pulni — axle of a pulley.

i ti pulni le nu cpacu le djacu le mi'u jinto vau le mudri — This is a wooden pulley to lift water from the well.

Related words: tutci, xislu, vraga

punji — x_1(entity) places, puts x_2(entity) at x_3(entity)

lo se punji — placed.

i e'o do punji le mi'u kabri le mi'u jubme — Please, put the cup onto the table!

i le mi'u skina pu punji mi le ka gleki cinmo — The movie put me in a happy mood.

Comment: x₃ is the place, where something is being put.

Related words: cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca

punli — x_1(entity) is a swelling, clump on x_2(entity) ...

lo punli — swelling, clump, swollen.

i pu snime punli le mi'u dargu — It was a clump of snow on the road.

i da punli le stedu be mi — I have a swelling on my head.

Related words: balji, cmana, plana

purci — x_1(clause) is earlier than or in the past of x_2(clause)

lo purci — earlier event, past event. lo se purci — later event, future event.

i le nu la kevin cu cliva pu purci le nu mi mo'u klama le xotli — Kevin left earlier than I arrived at the hotel.

Related words: lidne, balvi, cabna, farna

purdi — x_1(entity) is a garden or field of family or gardener x_2(entity) growing crops x_3(entity)

lo purdi — garden. lo se purdi — gardener. lo te purdi — crops of a garden.

i ti purdi lei rirni be mi le vrici — This is my parents' garden where different crops are grown.

Related words: foldi, cange, panka

purmo — x_1(entity) is some powder of x_2(entity)

lo purmo — powder.

i ti purmo le gurni — This is flour.

Related words: pulce, zalvi

py [pronoun] — p (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like py is for the last lo papri used.

ra [pronoun] — a recent completed noun

i la alis pu ku mo'u klama pa zarci gi'e ba bo te vecnu le plise i ba bo ra klama le zdani — Alice entered a store and bought apples. Then she went home.

ra'e [digit/number] — infinite number of the same digit follows

i li pa fe'i ci du li pi ra'e ci — "1/3 equals 0.(3)"

ra'i [preposition from krasi] — beginning from ...

i mi pu ganse le pluka panci pe ra'i le mi'u purdi — I felt a pleasant smell from the garden.

ra'o [interjection] — updates meaning from the viewpoint of the current speaker

i lu mi se pluka le ka penmi do li'u lu go'i ra'o li'u — "I am pleased to meet you." "Me too."

ra'oi — quotes one next word and treats it as a rafsi. The quoted word must be delimited by pauses (in speech) or whitespace (in writing)

i ra'oi kla rafsi zo klama — kla is an affix from the full verb klama.

Comment: rafsi sometimes can be not legal words on their own so to quote them ra'oi is useful.

Related words: ma'oi, zoi

ra'u [interjection] — primarily, mainly (in importance), ra'u cu'i — equally (in importance), ra'u nai — incidentally (low in importance)

i ra'u ko tolxanka denpa — Above all, be patient.

i ei mi gunka i je ra'u cu'i ei mi surla — I need to work. But with equal importance I need to relax.

i ra'u nai mi na se spaji — Incidentally, I'm not surprised.

Related words: ralju, vajni

racli — x_1(clause) is rational or sane ...

lo racli — rational event, sane event.

i racli fau da'i — That would make sense.

i racli fa le nu do pu cuxna le ka tavla bau la lojban — It's rational that you chose to talk in Lojban.

Related words: fenki

ractu — x_1(entity) is a rabbit of species x_2(taxon)

lo ractu — rabbit.

i le ractu zi co'a se panzi — Rabbits breed quickly.

Related words: mabru, kerlo

radno — x_1(entity) is x_{2(number: by default 1)} radians ...

i ti noi jganu cu radno li pa — This angle subtends one radian.

Related words: jganu, centi

rafsi — x_1(text) is an affix for word x_2(text) ...

lo rafsi — affix. lo se rafsi — word with affixes.

i ra'oi gau rafsi zo gasnu — 'gau' is a rafsi of the verb gasnu.

Related words: valsi, lujvo, pagbu

ragve — x_1(entity) is across boundary x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

i pa cribe cu ragve le mi'u rirxe mi — A bear is across the river from me.

Related words: dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, pagre

rai [preposition from traji] — with the most one being ...

i mi nelci le jbari ne rai le fragari — I like berries with strawberries being my favorite ones.

Comment: x₁ of the clause describes the most one in the comparison described by clause itself. The noun after rai describes those among which the selection is done.

raktu — x_1(entity) disturbs person x_2(entity) ...

lo se raktu — disturbed.

i ko ko na raktu ta'i le ka cusku le simsa — Don't trouble yourself saying such things.

i do raktu mi ja'e le nu mi de'a tadni la lojban — You disturb me making me not learning Lojban.

Related words: dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka, nabmi

ralci — x_1(entity) is delicate, fragile in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ralci — fragile.

i ti noi xrula cu ralci le ka se tarmi — This flower has a delicate form.

Related words: jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte

ralju — x_1(entity) is principal or chief among x_{2(entity full set)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo ralju — principal, chief.

i la alis cu ralju le nixli le ka cuxna — Alice is the main decision maker among the girls.

Related words: vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju

ralte — x_1(entity) keeps or retains x_{2(entity, property of x1)}

lo ralte — keeper. lo se ralte — kept.

i mi ralte le cidja ca ro nu mi litru — I carry food whenever I travel.

i ralte le ka catke le mi'u karce — He keeps pushing the car.

i mi ralte re mlatu — I keep two cats.

Related words: cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, e'ande

rango — x_1(entity) is a bodily organ of x_2(entity) performing function x_{3(property of nonce place)}

lo rango — bodily organ. lo te rango — function of a bodily organ.

i le risna cu sluji rango fi le ka pambe le ciblu vi'u le xadni — The heart is the muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

i ti rango le insekto le ka tirna — This is an organ of insects performing the function of listening.

Related words: besna, livga

ranji — x_{1(event, state, property of nonce place)} persists, continues over time interval or place x_2(clause)

lo ranji — persistant.

i le gusni be fi le mi'u bombila cu ranji le mi'u nicte — The light bulb continued burning through the night.

i le djacu pu ranji le barda canlu — The water continuously covered a large space.

Related words: temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena

ranmi — x_1(entity) is a myth about x_2(entity) ...

lo ranmi — myth.

i mi pu tirna le simsa ranmi be pa cevni — I heard a similar myth about a god.

Related words: lijda, lisri, crida

ransu — x_1(entity) is a quantity of bronze ...

lo ransu — bronze.

i le ransu cu gunma le tunka joi tinci — Bronze is composed of copper and tin.

i ti noi vi'u pixra cu ransu — The statue is made of bronze.

Comment: lo ransu is an alloy made of copper and tin.

Related words: jinme, tunka, lastu

ranti — x_1(entity) is soft to force x_2(clause) ...

lo ranti — soft.

i le mi'u pesxu cu ranti le danre — The dough is soft when being pressurized.

Related words: ralci, jdari, lakse, tolpro, gradu

ranxi — x_1(entity) is ironic, contrary to expectation x_2(entity) in aspect x_{3(property of x1, state of x1)}

lo ranxi — ironic, contrary to expectation.

i zo co'oi poi do pu cusku cu ranxi le ka se smuni zo coi vau le ka se smuni zo co'o — "Chao" that you said was ironic in that instead of meaning "Hi!" it actually meant "Bye!"

i le mi'u te ranxi cu du le nu mi na merko — The irony is that I'm not an American.

rapli — x_1(entity) occurs, repeats x_2(number) times

lo rapli — repeating event.

i le nu mi pu cusku zo coi le mi'u fetsi cu se rapli li ci i mi pu ci roi cusku zo coi le mi'u fetsi — I said "Hello!" to her three times.

i le mi'u pruce cu rapli li mu — The process occurs for the fifth time.

Related words: roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, volta

rarna — x_1(entity) is spontaneous or natural

lo rarna — spontaneous.

i ti noi cripu cu rarna — This bridge is a natural formation.

Related words: rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati

ratcu — x_1(entity) is a rat of species x_2(taxon)

lo ratcu — rat.

i le mi'u ratcu co'i canci — The rat disappeared.

Related words: smacu

ratni — x_1(entity) is an atom of element x_2(number) of isotope number or weight x_{3(entity, number)}

lo ratni — atom. lo se ratni — atomic number. lo te ratni — isotope number.

i le'e tabno cu ratni li xa li pa re — Carbon is a chemical element number 6 and usually has the isotope number 12.

Comment: kantu is for a basic unit of a property or activity, selci is for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass.

Related words: kantu, selci

rau [digit/number] — enough

i rau stizu cu zvati — There are enough chairs.

i le mi'u sakta cu me'i rau mei — The sugar is not enough.

Comment: subjective estimate.

re [digit/number] — 2, two

i re cribe ca cpana le bisli — There are two bears on the ice.

re'e [interjection modifier] — religious/worship/supernatural attribute, re'e cu'i — secular attribute, re'e nai — sacrilegious attribute

i ko na cliva mi doi le crida iu re'e — Don't leave me, oh my beloved fairy!

i do io nai re'e nai se lijda le mabla — Yay, you built a temple (well, no religious feelings here)!

i ui re'e cu'i do'o pu zbasu le malsi — You belong to a shitty religion, no respect to you in this!

Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: lijda

re'i [vocative] — ready to receive. Listening! (in radio communications), re'i nai — not ready to receive

i lu ju'i li'u lu re'i do li'u — "Hey!" - "Yes?"

i lu ju'i li'u lu re'i nai li'u — "Hey!" - "Wait a bit…"

re'o [preposition of place] — adjacent to ..., touching ..., contacting ...

i le mi'u nobli pu zutse re'o le jubme — The sir was sitting touching the wall.

re'u [preposition] — turn number into adverb (or preposition) showing for which time it happens

i mi pu ci re'u penmi la alis — I met Alice for the third time.

i mi zvati ti za'u re'u — I'm here again.

Comment: event happens for the (n) time. The number (n) is put in front of re'u.

rebla — x_1(entity) is a tail of x_2(entity)

lo rebla — tail. lo se rebla — tailed.

i tu noi gerku cu se rebla le tordu — That dog has a short tail.

Related words: nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca

rectu — x_1(entity) is some meat from x_2(entity)

lo rectu — meat.

i ti rectu le bakni — This is beef.

Related words: sluji

remna — x_1(entity) is a human

lo remna — human.

i xu le remna ku po'o ka'e cmila — Can only humans laugh?

Related words: nanmu, ninmu, prenu

renro — x_1(entity) throws or launches x_2(entity) to or at x_3(entity)

lo se renro — thrown.

i pa nanla pu renro pa rokci le mi'u canko — A boy threw a stone at the window.

Comment: cecla is a more general term.

Related words: cecla, danti

renvi — x_1(entity) survives or endures x_2(clause) ...

lo renvi — survivor. lo se renvi — age.

i mi mo'u renvi le mi'u xlali tcini — I survived that terrible situation.

Related words: ranji, kuspe, fapro, lifri, stali, temci

respa — x_1(entity) is a reptile of species x_2(taxon)

lo respa — reptile.

i le respa cu xabju le mi'u korbi be le mi'u rirxe — Reptiles inhabit the coast of the river.

Related words: danlu, banfi, since

retsku — x_1(entity) makes a question x₂ x_2(text) to x_3(entity)

lo retsku — asker. lo se retsku — question.

i le mi'u nixli pu retsku fi pa pulji fe lu ta'i ma klama la palma noi xotli li'u — The girl asked a police officer "How does one get to Palm hotel?"

Comment: alternatively one can say cusku lo preti - ask a question.

Related words: cusku, preti, spusku, pinka, spuda, bacru, tavla, casnu, cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra

ri [pronoun] — refers to the immediately previous lo-noun that is completed

i ta me le cinri cukta i au mi te vecnu ri — That is an interesting book. I'd like to buy it.

Comment: ri cannot refer to the noun in which it is located (and thus, which is not yet finished before ri is used).

ri'a [preposition from rinka] — because of the cause ...

i ri'a le ka kucli vau le mlatu co'a morsi — Cat died because of being curious (curiosity killed the cat).

ri'e [interjection modifier] — expressing release of attitude, ri'e nai — expressing restraint of attitude

i oi ri'e mi cirko le ckiku pe mi — Ah, I lost my keys.

i tugni na ku o'o ri'e nai fa le mi'u jatna — he doesn't agree! Ehm, well, the boss doesn't agree, you see.

i oi ri'e nai cortu — Mmm, it hurts.

Related words: rinju

ri'i [preposition from lifri] — experienced by..., happening to...

i ri'i mi pu farlu — I experienced falling down.

Comment: patient case tag.

ri'u [preposition of cardinal direction] — to the right of ..., adverb: rightwards

i pa nanmu cu sanli ri'u do — There is a man standing to the right of you.

ricfu — x_1(entity) is rich in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ricfu — rich, wealthy.

i xu do ricfu le ka ponse le tumla — Are you rich in how much land you own?

Comment: x₂ specifies the actual state of affairs that describes why x₁ is considered rich.

Related words: solji, banzu, zildukse, pindi

rigni — x_1(entity) is disgusting to x_2(entity) ...

lo rigni — disgusting.

i le mi'u cidja cu rigni mi — The food is disgusting to me.

Related words: djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka

rijno — x_1(entity) is a quantity of silver

lo rijno — silver.

i le mi'u sicni cu rijno — The coin is silver.

Related words: solji

rilti — x_1(entity) is a rhythm, rhythmical pattern of x_2(entity)

lo rilti — rhythm. lo se rilti — having a rhythm.

i le rilti be le mi'u pu se sanga be le mi'u nakni cu simsa le'u la la cu cu la la le mi'u'u — The rhythm of the phrase said by him was similar to la la tcu tcu la la.

Related words: damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna

rimni — x_1(text) rhymes with x_2(text) in language x_3(entity) with correspondence x_{4(property of x1 and x2)}

lo rimni — having a rhyme. lo se rimni — rhyming with something.

i zo kansa rimni zo dansu la lojban le ka le ci lamji lerfu je pagbu be ce'u cu simxu le ka mintu — kansa rhymes with dansu in Lojban in that three adjacent letters in each of those words are the same.

Related words: pemci, sanga

rinci — liquid x_1(entity) drains or flushes from x_2(entity) through drain x_3(entity) by force x_4(entity)

lo rinci — draining liquid. lo te rinci — drain, strainer, colander.

i le djacu cu rinci pa tubnu za'u pa kevna le danre — Water drains from a tube through holes being under pressure.

Related words: pambe, tisna, setca, flu'ente, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe

rinju — x_1(entity) is restrained by x_2(entity) against x_{3(property of x1)}

lo rinju — restrained. lo se rinju — restraining.

i le carmi flu'ente be le le tcadu pu se rinju mi le nu mi mo'u klama le briju — Intense traffic prevented me from getting to the office.

Related words: zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, e'ande, kluza, tagji

rinka — x_{1(event, state)} causes effect x_{2(event, state)} ...

lo rinka — cause. lo se rinka — effect.

i le nu ctuca cu rinka le nu farvi — Education is the agent of progress.

Related words: gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, ri'a, mukti, ciksi, volta

rinsa — x_1(entity) greets, welcomes x_2(entity) ...

i mi pu rinsa la alis ta'i le ka jai gau slilu fai le xance be mi — I greeted Alice by waving my hand.

Related words: tolrinsa, a'oi, coi, co'o, fi'i

rirci — x_1(entity) is rare, not usual in x_{2(property of x1)} among x_{3(entity full set of same type as x1)}

lo rirci — rare.

i le mi'u fetsi cu rirci le ka carmi gunka vau le tadni poi dunli vo'a le ka jai nanca — She works hard which is unusual among students of her age.

i mi pu rirci fi le pendo be mi fe le ka se cinri le fasnu e nai le farna — I was unusual among my friends in being interested in events and not trends.

Related words: cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano

rirni — x_1(entity) rears x_2(entity) ; x₁ is a parent of x₂

lo rirni — parent (rearer).

i la edvard cu rirni la alis — Edward is a parent of Alice.

Related words: rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, bersa

rirxe — x_1(entity) is a river of land mass x_2(entity) draining watershed x_3(entity) ...

lo rirxe — river. lo te rirxe — watershed of a river.

i ti rirxe pa sudga tumla le vifne poi flu'ente le xamsi le krasi pe le cmana le condi — This is a river in a dry land running its fresh waters in a deep river bed towards the sea from springheads in the mountains.

Related words: flu'ente, naxle, senta, daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci

rismi — x_1(entity) is some rice of species x_2(taxon)

lo rismi — rice.

i mi citka le rismi su'o roi ro djedi — I eat rice every day.

Related words: gurni

risna — x_1(entity) is a heart of x_2(entity)

lo risna — heart.

i mi pu ganse le nu le rinsa be mi cu sutra slilu — I felt my heart beating fast.

Related words: pambe, ciblu

ritli — x_{1(property of x3)} is a ceremony, rite for purpose x_{2(property of x3)} in community x_3(entity) ...

lo ritli — ceremony, rite.

i le ka pinxe le tcati su'o roi ro djedi vau fi mi'a ritli le ka tavla zu'ai — To drink tea is our ritual that we perform every day in order to talk to each other.

Related words: lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri

rivbi — x_1(entity) avoids or escapes fate x_2(event) through action x_{3(action of x1, state of x1)}

lo se rivbi — avoided event.

i mi pu rivbi le ka bilma vau le ka zmadu citka e le ka jinru le glare djacu — I avoided becoming ill by eating more and plunging into hot water.

i le mi'u prenu pu rivbi lei pulji — The person evaded the police.

Comment: bandu - to defend (not necessarily successful), fanta - to prevent, se jersi - to be chased.

Related words: sisku, kalte, fapro

ro [digit/number] — each, all

i ro pendo be mi cu cusku le se du'u mi simlu le ka tatpi — All of my friends say that I look tired.

ro'a [interjection modifier] — interacting socially (communication, customs), ro'a cu'i — not focused towards interacting socially, ro'a nai — focused away from interacting socially

i oi ro'a ca ti mi se cfipu — Awkward. I'm confused.

i ui ro'a cu'i mi cikre le skami pe mi — I'm just puttering here by myself, fixing my computer.

i ui nai ro'a no da zvati ti — I feel so lonely, nobody is here.

Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: jikca

ro'e [interjection modifier] — thinking/intellectual aspect, ro'e cu'i — not focused towards contemplating, ro'e nai — mindless action

i ui ro'e mi morji — Yay, I remember!

i a'i ro'e cu'i mi ba zukte — I will do it not putting much intellectual effort.

i do marvele iu ro'e nai — There is no logic in it, you are just wonderful.

Comment: used without an interjection to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: menli

ro'i [interjection modifier] — emotionally, ro'i cu'i — non-emotionally, ro'i nai — denying emotions

i ui ro'i sai mi'a jinga — I'm just overwhelmed with emotions, we won!!

i do mo ro'i — How do you feel?

i ui ro'i cu'i mi kanro — Feelings apart, I'm healthy.

i ui ro'i nai do snada — No rejoicing from me, you succeded.

Related words: cinmo

ro'o [interjection modifier] — being restricted to physical body, ro'o cu'i — not oriented towards physical experience, ro'o nai — denying physical experience

i oi nai ro'o kukte — Yum, yum, it's tasty.

i ii ro'o cu'i ka'e kargu — I'm afraid it can be expensive.

i ii ro'o nai mi na drani punji le mi'u tanxe — No, not that it requires physical work, but I'm afraid I might not put the box correctly.

Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: xadni

ro'u [interjection modifier] — sexually, ro'u nai — sexual abstinence

i iu ro'u doi le nanla — Boy, you are hot, I love you.

i do melbi iu ro'o cu'i — You are pretty, not that I love you in sexual sense.

i do mi kansa ui ro'u nai doi le pendo — Yay, you are with me, my buddy.

Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: seksi

roi [preposition] — turn number into adverb (or preposition) showing for how many times it happens

i mi pu'i pa roi zvati la paris — I was in Paris once in my life.

i mi pu'i re roi penmi la alis — I met Alice twice, two times.

i mi pu'i so'i roi zvati la paris — I have been to Paris may times.

i mi limna pa roi ro jeftu — I swim once a week.

Comment: event happens (n) times. The number (n) is put in front of roi.

rokci — x_1(entity) is a rock ...

lo rokci — rock, stone.

i le mi'u nanla ca'o renro le za'u rokci — The boy is throwing stones.

Related words: kunra, jemna, canre

romge — x_1(entity) is a highly reflective surface of metal x_2(entity)

i pa verba ne se pi'o le degji pu pencu le romge be le mi'u karce — A child touched the reflecting surface of the car with his finger.

Related words: jinme

ropno — x_1(entity) is European in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ropno — European.

i ti noi nanla cu ropno le ka tavla tai ma kau — This boy is European in how he speaks.

rorci — x_1(entity) procreates x_2(entity) with coparent x_3(entity)

lo rorci — parent (procreator), procreator.

i le mi'u ranmi danlu cu se rorci pa remna pa bakni — The mythical animal was procreated by a human and a bull.

Related words: grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda

rotsu — x_1(entity) is thick in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo rotsu — thick.

i le mi'u dargu cu rotsu le ka se pagbu ti — The road is thick here.

Comment: the third largest dimension. ganra, rotsu and clani specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, plana, jmagutci, minli

rozgu — x_1(entity) a rose of species x_2(taxon)

lo rozgu — rose (plant).

i pluka panci le rozgu pe le mi'u purdi — Roses in the garden have a pleasant scent.

Related words: spati, xunre

ru'a [interjection] — I postulate, I presume

i ru'a mi milxe le ka bilma — I presume, I am a bit ill.

Related words: sruma

ru'e [right scalar particle] — shows weak intensity of interjection or interjection modifier

i mi na ru'e se slabu do — I hardly know you.

i ui ru'e do snada — Yay, you won.

Comment: ui ru'e marks slight happiness, zo'o ru'e marks slightly humorous remarks.

ru'i [preposition of aspect] — continuously (protractive aspect), ru'i nai — intermittently

i mi pu ru'i citka le mango — I ate apples on and on.

i pu ru'i gusni — The light was glowing.

i pu ru'i nai gusni — The light was flashing.

ru'u [preposition of cardinal direction] — surrounding ..., adverb: around

i pa megdo be le toldi ca'o dansu ru'u mi — A million of butterflies are dancing around me.

ruble — x_1(entity) is weak, frail in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo ruble — weak, frail.

i le mi'u laldo prenu cu ruble le ka pinxe si'u nai — The old man is weak in being able to drink himself.

Related words: carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe

rufsu — x_1(entity) is rough in texture

lo rufsu — rough (in texture).

i le mi'u skapi cu rufsu — The skin is rough.

Related words: xutla, tengu, vitci

runta — x_1(entity) dissolves in x_2(entity) making solution x_3(entity) ...

lo runta — dissolving. lo te runta — solution (mixture).

i e'o te runta fi le kunra — Mineral water, please.

i le mi'u jisra cu te runta le sakta jo'u le jbari le djacu — The juice is made of sugar and berries dissolved in water.

Related words: litki, mixre, sligu, sudga

rupnu — x_1(entity) costs x_2(number) major money units in monetary system x_3(entity)

lo rupnu — measured in dollars / roubles / euro / yuan. lo se rupnu — money units (dollars / roubles / euro / yuan).

i ti noi jisra cu rupnu li ci la e'uropas — This juice costs three euros (European major money units).

Related words: jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, jmagutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu

rusko — x_1(entity) is Russian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo rusko — Russian.

i xu do tavla fo le rusko — Do you speak Russian?

rutni — x_1(entity) is artificially made by people x_2(entity)

lo rutni — artificial.

i ti noi jemna cu rutni le patfu be mi — This gem is artificial and made by my father.

Related words: rarna, se zbasu, arte, larcu, gundi, slasi

rutpapaia — x_1(entity) is a papaya fruit of variety x_2(taxon)

lo rutpapaia — papaya.

i le makcu rutpapaia cu se panci le rigni — Ripe papaya smells disgusting.

Related words: grute

ry [pronoun] — r (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ry is for the last lo rirxe used.

sa — sa [word] erases text to the left until "[word]" is found.

i doi la alis ko klama ti sa i doi la kevin ko klama ti — Alice, come here! No, ... Kevin, come here!

sa'ai [middle separator] — See le'ai — ends a construct started with: lo'ai

Comment: See le'ai.

sa'e [interjection] — precisely speaking, sa'e nai — loosely speaking

i mi ca zvati le centero be le mi'u tcadu — To be precise, I'm in the center of the city.

i le arxokuna cu mabru sa'e nai — Raccoons are mammals, roughly speaking.

Related words: satci, jibni

sa'u [interjection] — simply, sa'u nai — elaborating

i mi le zabna pu se funca sa'u — I was just lucky.

i do zukte ma — What are you doing?

i mi ca tcidu sa'u — I'm just reading.

i do tcidu ma sa'u nai dai — What are you reading, please, elaborate.

i sa'u nai mi pu penmi pa ninmu noi mi pu tadni ka'ai ke'a — To add details, I met a woman who I had studied with.

Related words: sampu, pluja

sabji — x_1(entity) provides x_{2(entity, property of x3)} to x_3(entity)

lo sabji — provider. lo se sabji — provided.

i le bakni cu sabji le ladru mi'a — Cows provide us with milk.

i mi ba sabji fi do fe ro se nitcu be do — I will provide you with everything you need.

i ko sabji le ciblu mi — Be my blood donor!

Related words: krasi, sorcu

sabnu — x_1(entity) is a cabin of vehicle x_2(entity)

lo sabnu — cabin of a vehicle. lo se sabnu — vehicle with a cabin.

i ra pu zutse le sabnu be le mi'u blanu karce — He was sitting in the cabin of the blue car.

Related words: bloti, marce, vinji, karce

sacki — x_1(entity) is a match, device to make fire ...

lo sacki — match (lighter).

i ko jai gau jelca fai pa sacki — Light up a match.

Related words: fagri, jelca

saclu — x_1(text) is the decimal equivalent of fraction x_2(number) in base x_3(number)

i me'o re pi mu saclu li mu fe'i re li pa no — 2.5 is the decimal equivalent of the fraction 5/2 in base 10.

i le saclu be li pai bei li pa no cu cimni le ka clani — The decimal expansion of the number π (pi) is infinitely long.

Related words: namcu, frinu

sai [right scalar particle] — shows strong intensity of interjection or interjection modifier

i ui sai do snada — Yay, you won!

Comment: ui sai marks strong happiness, zo'o sai marks very humorous remarks.

sakci — x_1(entity) sucks, inhales x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

lo se sakci — sucked, inhaled.

i le mi'u prenu pu sakci le danmo pe ra'i le mi'u fagri le fepni — He inhaled some smoke from the fire into his lungs.

Related words: cokcu, lacpu, flu'ente

sakli — x_1(entity) slides or glides on x_2(entity)

i pa sportivo pu sakli le bisli — A sportsperson was gliding on the ice.

i o'i le mi'u loldi cu se sakli — Warning! The floor is slippery.

Related words: mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla

sakta — x_1(entity) is sugar ...

lo sakta — sugar.

i mi djica tu'a le tcati be se cau le sakta — I want some tea without sugar.

Related words: silna, titla

salci — x_1(entity) celebrates x_2(clause) by doing x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se salci — event celebrated.

i mi pu salci le nu mi jai nanca li pa no vau le ka litru la nipon — I celebrated my 10th birthday by travelling to Japan.

Related words: sinma, jbena

salpo — x_1(entity) is sloped with angle x_2(entity) ...

lo salpo — sloped.

i ti salpo le jganu be fi le pinta — This is a slope towards the horizontal surface.

Related words: kurfa, tutci

salta — x_1(entity) is a salad with ingredients x_2(entity)

lo salta — salad. lo se salta — ingredient of a salad.

i mi nelci le salta be le grute — I like fruit salads.

Related words: mixre, stasu

samcu — x_1(entity) is a cassava or yam of species x_2(taxon)

lo samcu — cassava, yam.

i xu do pu'i citka le torta be le samcu — Have you ever eaten a cassava cake?

Related words: patlu, genja, jalna

sampla — x_1(entity) makes computer program x_2(entity)

lo sampla — programmer. lo se sampla — computer program.

i mi sampla le cmalu pe bau la xaskel — I write small programs in Haskell.

Related words: proga, skami, jai gau farvi, finti, ciska, pensi, mlatu

sampu — x_1(entity) is simple in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo sampu — simple.

i ti noi skami cu sampu le ka se pilno — This computer is easy to use.

i la alis na sampu le ka te jimpe — Alice is not easy to understand.

Related words: pluja, curve, frili, manfo

sance — x_1(sound) is sound produced by x_2(entity)

lo sance — sound. lo se sance — producer of a sound.

i le mi'u janbe pu se sance le cladu — The bell had a loud sound.

i zo oi pu sance le mi'u bruna — oi was the sound the brother emitted.

Related words: savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka

sanga — x_1(entity) sings x_{2(sound, text)} to x_3(entity)

lo sanga — singer. lo se sanga — song, sung.

i mi pu ciska le valsi e le zgike vu'o pe le se sanga — I wrote down words and melody of a song.

i le mi'u nixli ca'o sanga la'e lu mi prami do li'u — The girl is singing the song "I love you".

i mi pu troci le ka sanga zo ui — I tried to sing ui.

Comment: songs can consist of lyrics and melody. x₂ describes either a part of it or the whole song.

Related words: pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu

sanji — x_1(entity) is aware or conscious of x_2(entity)

lo sanji — aware, conscious.

i mi sanji le ka pu srera — I am aware that I made a mistake.

i a'o le mi'u nakni cu sanji le se cinmo be mi — I hope he is aware of my feelings.

Related words: menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna

sanli — x_1(entity) stands on x_2(entity) supported by x_3(entity)

i ra pu sanli le canre le jamfu — He was standing on the sand on his feet.

Related words: kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji

sanmi — x_1(entity) is a meal including x_2(entity)

lo sanmi — meal. lo se sanmi — dish of a meal.

i mi pu citka pa sutra sanmi be le sovda jo'u le ckafi — I had a quick meal of eggs and coffee.

Comment: the same as gunma but applied to food. One can eat both a lo se sanmi (part of meal) or lo sanmi (the whole meal).

Related words: barja, stasu, gusta, sanso

sanso — x_1(entity) is a sauce for use with x_2(entity) containing x_3(entity)

lo sanso — sauce, gravy.

i mi nelci le sanso be le nudle bei le tamca — I like tomato sauce in noodles.

Related words: sanmi, mixre, stasu

santa — x_1(entity) is an umbrella ...

lo santa — umbrella.

i mi pu kanpe tu'a le carvi gi'e jgari pa santa — I was expecting rain and took an umbrella.

Related words: carvi, solri

sarcu — x_1(clause) is necessary for x_{2(state, process)} to take place ...

lo sarcu — necessary condition, condition (necessary, requirement).

i le ka sipna cu sarcu le ka kanro — To sleep is a requirement of being healthy.

Comment: nitcu is to be in need, sarcu is is necessary, is a requirement

Related words: sau, nitcu

sarji — x_1(entity) supports, holds up x_2(entity) against x_3(entity) ...

lo sarji — supporter. lo se sarji — supported.

i ko sarji mi le nu mi badri — Support me against my boredom.

Related words: bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu

sarlu — x_1(entity) is a spiral or helix ...

lo sarlu — helix, spiral.

i le calku be ti noi luska cu sarlu — The shell of this mollusk is spiral in form.

Related words: korcu, tarmi

sarxe — x_1(entity) is harmonious or in agreement with x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2, contains two places for ce'u)}

lo sarxe — harmonious.

i le za'u vi prenu cu sarxe le rarna le ka ce'u jikca ce'u — These people are in harmony with nature in interacting with each other.

Related words: satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini

saske — x_1(entity) is a lore, mass of facts about x_{2(proposition)} based on methodology x_3(clause)

lo saske — science, lore. lo se saske — subject of a science. lo te saske — methodology of a science.

i mi tadni le saske be le mi'u du'u mikce — I study the medical science.

i le cmaci cu saske le mi'u du'u le namcu cu simxu le ka ckini vau le nu lanli le mi'u namcu — Mathematic is a science of how numbers are related to each other based on their analysis.

Related words: datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, jimpe

satci — x_1(entity) is exact to precision x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo satci — exact.

i le mi'u jubme cu satci rau da le ka mitre li re le ka clani — The table is exactly two meters long.

i le mi'u jubme cu satci le mitre be li pi no pa rau da le ka mitre li re le ka clani — The table is two meters long within an error of 0.01 meters.

Related words: sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu

satre — x_1(entity) strokes x_2(entity) with x_3(entity)

lo se satre — stroked.

i la kevin pu satre pa mlatu le xance — Kevin stroke a cat with a hand.

Related words: mosra, pencu

sau [preposition from sarcu] — requiring ...

i do ba nenri sau le nu do cusku le ckiku valsi — You enter with the requirement of saying a password.

savru — x_1(entity) is a noise to x_2(entity) perceived via x_{3(property of x2)}

lo savru — noise.

i da savru bu'u le mi'u kumfa — The room is noisy.

i le vi ru'i nai gusni se la'u li du'e savru mi le ka se viska — These flashes are too noisy.

Comment: noise can refer not only to sound but to any "noisy", i.e. irritating or chaotic objects.

Related words: sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu

sazri — x_1(entity) operates machine x_2(entity) with goal x_{3(property of x1)}

lo sazri — driver, operator. lo se sazri — driven, operated.

i pa pendo be mi pu sazri le minji le ka kakpa le dertu — My friend operated the machine to dig ground.

Related words: gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka

se [place converter] — switches 1st and 2nd places of verb

i mi se slabu le mi'u nanmu i va'i le mi'u nanmu cu slabu mi — I am familiar with the man.

se ba'i [preposition from se basti] — being a replacement of ..., adverb: instead

i se ba'i ku mi pu citka pa torta — Instead, I ate a cake.

i mi ne se ba'i do pu zukte — I did it instead of you.

se cau [preposition from se claxu] — lacking ...

se du'u [clause prefix] — turn clause into quote

i mi pu cusku fi la edvard fe le se du'u le karce pe mi cu spofu — I told Eduard that my car is broken.

Comment: x_1(text) is the sentence expressing the clause x_{2 (clause)}. Used for reported speech.

se ja'e [preposition from se jalge] — resulting from ...

i se ja'e le ka pu cinmo le mabla vau mi pu gunka no da — Because of my bad mood I didn't work.

se ji'u [preposition from se jicmu] — given that ..., based on ...

i ma pemci se ji'u le mi'u se sanga — What is the lyrics of the song?

se ka'a [preposition from se klama] — going to ...

i mi pu cadzu se ka'a le mi'u rirxe — I walked to the river.

Comment: in the clause where seka'a is used x₁ is the one who goes.

se la'u [preposition] — to the degree of ... (number follows)

i le mi'u prenu cu clani se la'u li so'i — The person is very tall.

i le nu cuxna se la'u li du'e nandu — It's too hard to choose.

i ti se la'u li so'o boske — This is jungle, not a real forest.

i le mi'u dinju se la'u li so'i banli — To a large degree the building is great.

Comment: shows the degree in which the verb is true.

se mau [preposition from se zmadu] — more than ...

i nelci do fa mi ne se mau la alis — I like you more than Alice likes you.

i mi nelci do ne se mau la alis — I like you more than Alice.

Comment: the clause itself describes the comparison.

se me'a [preposition from se mleca] — less than ...

i nelci do fa mi ne se me'a la alis — I like you less than Alice likes you.

Comment: the clause itself describes the comparison.

se ni'i [preposition from se nibli] — adverb: logically therefore

i ro gerku cu danlu i se ni'i nai bo ro danlu cu gerku — All dogs are animals. However, it doesn't follow from that that all animals are dogs.

i mi pu na zvati le mi'u tcadu i se ni'i bo na ku ka'e ku mi penmi la kevin — I wasn't in the city so I couldn't meet Kevin.

se pi'o [preposition from se pilno] — with ..., using ...

i mi citka se pi'o pa forca i mi pe se pi'o pa forca cu citka — I eat with a fork.

Comment: in the clause where se pi'o is used x₁ is user.

se rai [preposition from se traji] — being most in ...

i mi ro roi jinga se rai le ka clani — I always win being the tallest one.

Comment: x₁ of the clause corresponds to the most one in comparison specified after se rai.

se va'u [preposition from se xamgu] — for ..., for the benefit of ...

i mi se va'u do mo'u klama — I arrived for you.

Comment: beneficiary case tag.

se'a [interjection modifier] — self-sufficiency, se'a nai — dependency

i fa se'a le mi'u verba pu kelci — The child played by himself.

i fa se'a nai le mi'u cifnu cu cadzu — The infant walks but not by himself.

Related words: lacri

se'i [interjection modifier] — interjection is self-oriented, se'i nai — interjection is oriented towards others

i oi se'i mi pu srera — Oh, I made a mistake.

i oi se'i nai da spofu botpi bu'u le loldi — Someone would be discontented, there is a broken bottle on the floor.

Related words: drata

se'o [interjection] — I know from a dream, vision, or personal revelation

i se'o do ba snada — I have a feeling you will succeed.

Comment: za'a is for expressing external experience, se'o is for expressing internal experience.

Related words: senva

se'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: sei

sefta — x_1(entity) is a surface of object x_2(entity) ...

lo sefta — surface.

i le sefta be le mi'u najnimre cu xutla — The orange has a soft surface.

Related words: tengu, crane, flira, plita, bliku

sei — turn verb into interjection

i sei mi morji do sampla — As I remember, you are a programmer.

i sei mi bebna le mi'u zarci cu se stuzi le drata — Silly me, the store is in another place.

Comment: ends in a selbri (main verb).

seksi — x_1(entity) in activity or state x_{2(property of x1)} exhibits biological or social sexuality x_{3(property of x1)}

lo seksi — sexy. lo se seksi — sexual activity. lo te seksi — social gender, biological gender.

i ti noi finpe ca seksi le ka punji le sovda vau le ka fetsi — This fish demonstrates its female sexuality by laying eggs.

i do seksi le ka se asna vau le ka ninmu — You took a sexy feminine pose.

i le mi'u tigni cu seksi le ka dasni pa tordu skaci vau le ka ninmu — The actor shows her female sexuality by wearing a short skirt.

Related words: gletu, nakpinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi

selbrivla — x_1(text) is a morphologically defined predicate word, verb word

lo selbrivla — verb word.

i zo mlatu selbrivla — mlatu is a selbrivla.

Comment: mlatu, e'ande, zildukse are selbrivla.

Related words: lujvo, gismu, zi'evla, cmavo

selci — x_1(entity) is a cell, atom, basic subunit of body x_2(entity)

lo selci — indivisible, cell, atom, basic subunit.

i mu'o nai do ro selci be le xadni cu cmima pa le so'i klesi — Furthermore, each cell in the body belongs to one out of many classes.

Comment: kantu allows to express properties of particles.

Related words: kantu, ratni, gradu

selfu — x_1(entity) serves x_2(entity) with service x_{3(property of x1)}

lo selfu — servant. lo se selfu — master. lo te selfu — service.

i le mi'u gerku cu selfu mi le ka bevri le cutci — The dog serves me by bringing shoes.

Related words: sidju, sarji, gunka

1. N/A

senci — x_1(entity) sneezes

i gau ko ganlo fa le moklu be do ca le nu do senci gi'a kafke — Cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough.

Related words: bilma, kafke

senpi — x_1(entity) doubts that x_{2(proposition)} is true

lo senpi — irresolute.

i mi senpi le mi'u du'u ba carvi — I doubt if it will rain.

i le jalge ca'o se senpi — The result is still in doubt.

Related words: jinvi, krici, djuno, birti

senta — x_1(entity) is a layer of material x_2(entity) within structure x_3(entity)

lo senta — layer.

i ti senta le spati le cmana jo'u le vacri — This is a layer of plants between the mountain and the air.

Related words: flu'ente, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, skalera

senva — x_1(entity) dreams about x_{2(proposition, idea, event, state)}

lo senva — dreamer. lo se senva — dream.

i mi senva le nu mi vofli ne'i le dilnu — I dream about flying in the clouds.

i mi senva tu'a le sance be le carvi — I dream the sound of rain.

Related words: sipna, xanri

sepli — x_1(entity) is separate from x_2(entity), separated by x_3(entity)

lo sepli — separate, alone.

i zo i te sepli le jufra le jufra — i separates sentence from sentence.

i le briju pe mi cu sepli le zdani be mi zo'ei ze'a le cacra — My office is one hour away from my home.

i le xamsi ti ma sepli — What is the distance to the sea?

Related words: bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi

setca — x_1(entity) inserts or puts x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

lo se setca — inserted.

i le mi'u mikce cu setca pa jesni pa birka be la alis se gau le nu le mi'u xukmi cu muvdu le ciblu — The doctor inserted the needle into Alice's arm so that the chemical got into the blood.

Related words: rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu

sevzi — x_1(entity) is a self of x_{2(entity: by default x1)}

i mi lumci le sevzi — I wash myself.

Comment: sevzi is usually used in lujvo. Outside lujvo lo nei is usually used instead.

Related words: mi, prenu, menli, jgira

sfani — x_1(entity) is a fly of species x_2(taxon)

lo sfani — fly (insect).

i xu le vi sfani cu ckape — Are these flies dangerous?

Related words: cinki, bifce

sfasa — x_1(entity) punishes x_2(entity) for x_{3(event of x2, state of x2, action of x2, )} with punishment x_{4(event of x2, state of x2)}

lo se sfasa — punished. lo te sfasa — reason for punishment. lo ve sfasa — punishment.

i le mi'u rirni pu sfasa le mi'u verba le ka jai gau spofu fai le palta vau le ka na e'ande vo'e le ka kelci bu'u le zdani — The parent punished the child for breaking the plate by not allowing playing at home.

Comment: x₄ is the state the punished one gets.

Related words: cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga

sfofa — x_1(entity) is a sofa

lo sfofa — sofa.

i au mi te vecnu le pa sfofa — I would like to buy a sofa.

Related words: nilce

sfubu — x_1(entity) dives or swoops to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo sfubu — diver.

i mi pu sfubu le lenku djacu le korbi be le lalxu — I dived to the cold water from the shore of the lake.

Related words: farlu

si — erases one last Lojban word. non-Lojban text is treated as one word

i au mi citka le pa kokso si perli — I'd like to eat a coconut, no, pear!

i mi pu cusku zoi gy.hello, friends!.gy. si zoi gy.hello, kids!.gy. — I said "Hello, friends!", ehm, no, "Hello, kids!"

si'a [interjection] — similarly, si'a nai — not similarly

i mi si'a pu vitke le mi'u tcadu i sa'u go'i ca pa drata nanca — I also visited the city (just in another year).

i mi nelci le finpe si'a nai — But i like fish.

Comment: ji'a means additionally, si'a means similarly implying that there is another salient difference.

Related words: simsa, panra

si'au [interjection] — It seems

i si'au le mi'u fetsi cu xebni do — It seems, she hates you.

i si'au le mi'u ctuca pu na pacna — It seems, the teacher was disappointed.

si'e [verb] — turn number into verb denoting portion of a mass

i le stati cu kakne le ka zukte su'o zabna i ku'i le go'i cu mo'a si'e lei se gugde — Smart people can do nice things. But they represent a too small fraction of citizens.

i le stati prenu cu kakne le ka zukte le zabna i ku'i le stati cu mo'a si'e lei se gugde prenu — Smart people can do nice things. But they represent a too small fraction of citizens.

Comment: x_1(entity) is the n-th part of mass x_2(entity). The number (n) is put in front of si'e, pi mu here would mean 0.5, i.e. half.

si'o [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

i mi nelci le si'o xunre — I like the color red.

Comment: x_{1 (clause)} is a concept described in the clause that follows.

si'u [preposition from sidju] — with the help of ...

i le mi'u verba ca kakne le ka cadzu vau si'u le rirni — The child is able to walk now with the help of parents.

Comment: in the clause where si'u is used x₁ is the one being helped, the help itself is described by the clause.

si'u nai [preposition from na sidju] — without help, adverb: oneself

i mi kakne le ka punji si'u nai — I can put it myself.

siclu — x_1(entity) whistles sound x_{2(sound, text)}

lo se siclu — whistled.

i le mi'u nakni pu ca'o siclu le cladu — He was whistling something loud.

Related words: sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru

sicni — x_1(entity) is a coin ...

lo sicni — coin.

i ti me le sicni poi jdini lei fraso turni — This is a coin issued by French government.

i mi pu cpacu ci le sicni poi rupnu li pa — I got three coins one dollar each in value.

Related words: fepni, jdini, rupnu

sidbo — x_{1(proposition)} is an idea about x_2(entity) by thinker x_3(entity)

lo sidbo — idea.

i mi pu na te sidbo do le ka se la'u li xo kau ka'e xendo mi — I had no idea of how kind to me you can be.

Related words: ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, si'o

sidju — x_1(entity) helps x_2(entity) do x_{3(property of x2)}

lo sidju — helper.

i pei e'o do sidju mi le ka tadni le cmaci — Could you help me in studying math?

Related words: si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu

sigja — x_1(entity) is a cigar or cigarette ...

lo sigja — cigar, cigarette.

i xu le mi'u smani ca'o damva'u le sigja — Is the monkey smoking a cigarette?

Related words: danmo, jelca, tanko, marna

silka — x_1(entity) is a silk produced by x_2(entity)

lo silka — silk.

i la alis pu dasni pa silka pastu — Alice was wearing a silk dress.

i le silka be le ankabuta ka'e tsali — Spider's silk can be durable.

Related words: curnu, bukpu, cilta

silna — x_1(entity) is some salt, NaCl ...

lo silna — salt.

i e'o ko te cpacu le silna mi — Please, pass me the salt.

i le silna be le sodna cu cidja — A salt of Sodium is a food.

Related words: sakta

simlu — x_1(entity) seems to have x_{2(property of x1)} to observer x_3(entity) ...

i mi te simlu fi do fe le ka se la'u li du'e tadni — It seems to me that you are studying too hard.

i le mi'u nu troci pu simlu le ka na sarcu — The attempt seemed to be unnecessary.

Related words: catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco

simsa — x_1(entity) is similar to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)}

lo simsa — similar.

i le skapi be le mi'u ninmu pu simsa le snime le ka blabi — Her skin was white as snow.

i mi simsa le'e cipni le ka zifre — I am free as a bird.

i do simsa fi so'i da fe le mensi be mi — You are a lot like my sister.

i pa pendo be mi mi simsa le ka xabju ma kau i pa pendo be mi mi jibni le ka xabju ma kau — My friend and I live in similar apartments. My friend and I live nearby.

Comment: jibni is used when the difference is something generally measurable, whereas simsa is about difference in quality.

Related words: dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, vrici

simxu — x_{1(entity set)} mutually do x_{2(relation between members of x1, contains two places for ce'u)}

lo se simxu — done mutually.

i do jo'u mi simxu le ka prami — You and I love each other.

Related words: kampu, mintu

since — x_1(entity) is a snake of species x_2(taxon)

lo since — snake.

i ko na terpa le since — Don't be afraid of snakes.

Related words: curnu, danlu, respa, vindu

sinma — x_1(entity) respects x_2(entity)

lo se sinma — respected, venerated.

i no prije cu se sinma le se gugde be le gugde be vo'a — No wise man is respected by inhabitants of his own country.

Related words: banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgira

sinso — x_1(number) is the trigonometric sine of angle x_2(number)

lo sinso — sine.

i li no sinso le radno be li pai — 0 is the sine of "pi" radians.

Related words: tanjo

sinxa — x_{1(entity, text)} is a sign meaning x_{2(property of x1)} to observer x_3(entity)

lo sinxa — sign. lo se sinxa — meaning of a sign.

i fi le karce e le cadzu fa le xunre gusni cu sinxa le ka bilga le ka co'u muvdu — For cars and pedestrians red light is a sign that they must stop.

Related words: lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni

sipna — x_1(entity) is asleep, sleeps

lo sipna — asleep.

i le mi'u verba ca'o sipna — The child is sleeping.

Related words: senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji

sirji — x_1(entity) is straight or direct between x_2(entity) ...

lo sirji — straight, direct (straight).

i le mi'u dargu cu sirji le snanu jo'u le berti — The road goes straight from the south to the north.

Related words: korcu, linji, kuspe

sisku — x_1(entity) searches for x_{2(property of x3)} among x_{3(entity full set)}

i mi sisku le ka te ciska vau le nenri be le mi'u nilce — I'm searching in the furniture for something that one can write on.

Related words: mitysisku, zvafa'i, facki, snada, fliba

sisti — x_1(entity) ceases, stops x_{2(action of x1, process of x1, state of x1)}

lo se sisti — ceased, stopped.

i ko sisti le ka bebna tavla — Stop babbling!

Related words: fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba

sitna — x_1(entity) is a quotation, citation, reference to source x_2(entity) citing information x_{3(proposition)}

lo se sitna — quoted source.

i mi cusku lo sitna be la alis bei le du'u le mamta nau nu'o mo'u klama le zdani — I quoted Alice referring to the fact that the mother is not yet at home .

Related words: krasi

sivni — x_1(entity) is private, personal to x_2(entity)

lo sivni — private.

i le tadji be le nu zbasu le poi tai kukte vau stasu cu sivni mi — How to make such a tasty soup is a secret to me.

Related words: gubni, mipri

skaci — x_1(entity) is a skirt ...

lo skaci — skirt.

i mi pu te vecnu pa tordu skaci — I bought a short skirt.

Related words: taxfu, palku

skalera — x_1(entity) are stairs with steps x_2(entity)

lo skalera — stairway, stairs. lo se skalera — step of stairs.

i ti skalera le ci jarki — These are stairs with three narrow steps.

Related words: stapa, loldi, senta

skami — x_1(entity) is a computer ...

lo skami — computer.

i le skami pe mi cu spofu — My computer is broken.

Related words: kancu, minji, pensi

skapi — x_1(entity) is a skin, leather, bark from x_2(entity)

lo skapi — skin, leather, bark (of tree).

i le skapi be le cnebo be mi cu xunre — The skin on my neck is red.

Comment: pilka is a more general term.

Related words: pilka, calku, kerfa

skari — x_1(entity) is of colour x_2(entity) as perceived by observer x_3(entity) ...

lo skari — coloured, colored. lo se skari — colour, color.

i le mi'u dacti cu skari le xunre — It is colored red.

i le mi'u xrula cu skari le tsani mi — To me the flower has the color of the sky.

Comment: x₂ is the prototype having the color, e.g. lo tsani (sky) or lo xunre (red)

Related words: blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi

skicu — x_1(entity) tells about, describes x_{2(object, event, state)} to x_3(entity) with description x_{4(property of x2)}

lo skicu — describer. lo se skicu — described, told about. lo ve skicu — description.

i le gidva pu skicu fi mi'a fe le nu mi'a cliva ca le lerci vau le nu le aftobuso nu'o mo'u klama — The guide explained to us that we would leave later in that the bus hadn't yet arrived.

i mi pu skicu pa cinri lisri pa panzi be mi — I told an interesting story to my child.

Comment: skicu is to tell, cusku is to say, tavla is to talk, benji su'o notci is to notify. The second place of skicu is filled with a topic like skicu su'o dansu (tell about dancers), the second place of cusku is filled with a text like cusku zo dansu (to say "dance"")

Related words: lisri, tavla

skiji — x_1(entity) is a skate or ski for surface x_2(entity) of sled x_3(entity)

lo skiji — skate, ski, runner on a sled. lo te skiji — sled, ski kit.

i ai mi se marce le skiji be le djacu — I am going to water ski.

i ei mi cikre le skiji be le djacu bei ti — I should repair runners of this water sled.

Comment: sometimes lo te skiji (ski kit) consists of lo skiji (runners) only.

Related words: sakli, marce, cutci

skina — x_1(entity) is a video clip, movie about x_2(entity) ...

lo skina — movie, film, video clip. lo se skina — plot of a movie.

i mi pu zgana pa skina be le crida — I watched a movie about magical beings.

Comment: can be applied to streaming video.

Related words: tivni, vidni, pixra, finti

skori — x_1(entity) is rope of filaments or material x_2(entity)

lo skori — rope, cable. lo se skori — filament of a rope, filament of a cable.

i ti skori bi da — This cable consists of 8 filaments.

i tu skori le jinme — That is a metal cable.

Comment: describes the object as consisting of more than one filament unlike cilta.

Related words: cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, li'anzi

skuro — x_1(entity) is a groove in x_2(entity)

lo skuro — groove, trench. lo se skuro — grooved surface.

i le mi'u skuro be le dertu cu ganra — The trench in the ground is wide.

Related words: plixa

slabu — x_1(entity) is familiar to observer x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)} ...

i mi na se slabu la kevin — I'm not familiar with Kevin.

i la alis cu slabu mi le ka jukpa le kukte torta — Alice is familiar to me in cooking tasty cakes.

Related words: fange, clani, citno, cnino, se djuno

slaka — x_1(text) is a syllable in language x_2(entity)

lo slaka — syllable.

i zoi zoi.sla.zoi slaka la lojban — "sla" is a syllable in Lojban.

Related words: sance, valsi, bangu

slami — x_1(entity) is a quantity of acid ...

lo slami — acid.

i le slami pu jai rinka le nu le xance be mi cu cortu — The acid made my hand hurt.

Related words: slari, nimre

slanu — x_1(entity) is a cylinder ...

lo slanu — cylinder.

i mi zgana le nu le karce pe mi zi'e pe le xa mei slanu cu zmadu le laldo karce pe mi le ka vlipa vau so'i da — I notice that my 6-cylinder car is much more powerful than my old car.

Related words: kamju, gunro

slari — x_1(entity) is sour to x_2(entity)

lo slari — sour.

i le limxone cu slari so'e remna — Lemon is sour to most people.

i le mi'u ladru cu sutra le ka slari — The milk turns sour fast.

Related words: slami, titla, kurki, nimre

slasi — x_1(entity) is some plastic ...

lo slasi — plastic.

i ti noi dakli cu slasi — This bag is plastic.

Related words: rutni, boxfo, bukpu

sligu — x_1(entity) is solid ...

lo sligu — solid.

i le mi'u ladru mo'u dunja gi'e ca sligu — The milk froze and is now solid.

Related words: runta, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli

slilu — x_1(entity) oscillates with period x_2(clause) through states x_{3(state full set, state full sequence)}

lo slilu — oscillating. lo se slilu — period of oscillation.

i le mi'u gerku pu jersi le mi'u jatna fau le ka jai gau slilu le rebla be vo'a — The dog followed the master, wagging its tail.

i pa bombila pu slilu le snidu le ka te gusni le xunre jo'u le blanu — A light bulb was flickering every second changing from red to blue light.

i le mi'u re nanla pu slilu fi le ka bajra se ka'a jo'u te ka'a — The two boys were running to and fro.

Related words: dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna

sliri — x_1(entity) is a quantity of sulfur

lo sliri — sulphur.

i le sliri cu se pilno fi le ka zbasu le sacki — Sulfur is used for making matches.

Related words: xukmi, panci, pelxu

sluji — x_1(entity) is a muscle controlling body part x_2(entity) ...

lo sluji — muscle.

i ko palpi le sluji be le birka be mi — Touch and feel the muscle of my arm.

Related words: rectu, xadni, zajba

sluni — x_1(entity) is an onion of species x_2(taxon)

lo sluni — onion.

i ai mi co'e le tamca jo'u le sluni — I'm going to have a tomato and an onion.

i ti noi stasu cu se vrusi le sluni — This soup tastes of onions.

Related words: stagi

smacu — x_1(entity) is a mouse of species x_2(taxon)

lo smacu — mouse.

i pa mlatu mo'u kavbu pa smacu — A cat has caught a mouse.

Related words: ratcu

smadi — x_1(entity) guesses, conjectures x_{2(proposition)} is true about x_3(entity)

lo se smadi — guess (hypothesis).

i mi na birti le se smadi be mi bei le tcima — I'm not sure in my guess about the weather.

i mi smadi le nu mi'o ba bai ze'u cadzu — I guess you and I will have to walk for long time.

Related words: djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma

smaji — x_1(entity) is quiet at observation point x_2(entity) ...

lo smaji — silent.

i e'o do smaji — Please, be quiet.

i le mi'u xamsi cu simlu le ka smaji ti — The sea looks quiet in sound from here.

Related words: kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna

smaka — x_1(entity) feels the taste x_2(entity)

i mi smaka le tasta be le mi'u najnimre — I taste the taste of the orange.

i mi smaka pa najnimre — I taste an orange.

i mi smaka su'o titla — I feel something sweet.

Related words: tasta, vrusi, ganse, palpi, viska

smani — x_1(entity) is a monkey or ape of species x_2(taxon)

lo smani — monkey.

i le mi'u boske cu culno le smani — The forest is full of monkeys.

Related words: mabru, danlu

smoka — x_1(entity) is a sock ...

lo smoka — sock.

i mi fliba le ka zvafa'i le smoka pe mi — I can't find my socks.

Related words: cutci, taxfu

smuci — x_1(entity) is a spoon or scoop for x_2(clause) ...

lo smuci — spoon, scoop.

i ko citka se pi'o le pa smuci — Eat with a spoon.

i ti smuci le nu kakpa le dertu — This is a scoop for digging ground.

Related words: dakfu, forca, tutci

smuni — x_{1(entity, text)} is a meaning of x_{2(entity, text)} accepted by observer x_3(entity)

lo smuni — meaning. lo se smuni — meaningful.

i ma lojbo smuni zoi sy.hola.sy. poi spano — What is the Lojban for Spanish "hola"?

i mi pu te smuni zoi zoi.y.zoi le nu mi na birti — By saying y I meant that I wasn't sure.

Related words: jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra

smusku — x_1(entity) says x_2(clause) for audience x_3(entity)

lo smusku — who says. lo te smusku — audience.

i la jasmin pu smusku le jitfa do — Jasmine lied to you.

i la kevin pu smusku le nu do nitcu le nu mi sidju do — Kevin said that you need my help.

Comment: x₂ is a clause, not a quote (unlike cusku)

Related words: cusku, retsku, spusku, spuda, cu'u, bacru, tavla, casnu, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka

snada — x_1(entity) succeeds at x_{2(event of x1, state of x1, achievement of x1)} because of effort x_{3(event of x1, state of x1, property of x1)}

lo te snada — successful effort.

i mi pu snada le ka gasnu tu'a le fagri vau le ka jai gau mosra pa grana pa grana — I succeeded in producing fire by rubbing one stick against another.

Related words: fliba, troci, jgira

snanu — x_1(entity) is to the south of x_{2(entity) (entity)} ...

lo snanu — southern.

i le pendo be mi cu xabju bu'u le snanu be ti — My friend live to the south of this place.

Related words: berti, stuna, stici, farna

snidu — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) seconds long ...

lo snidu — second-long event.

i le nu mi pu bajra cu snidu li pa mu — I ran in 15 seconds.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one second in duration

Related words: cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi

snime — x_1(entity) is some snow

lo snime — snow.

i le mi'u snime cu lenku — The snow is cold.

Related words: bratu, carvi, bisli

snipa — x_1(entity) sticks or adheres to x_2(entity)

lo snipa — sticky, glue.

i le cirla pu snipa le moklu be mi — The cheese sticked to my mouth.

Related words: tarla, viknu

snuji — x_1(entity) is a sandwich of x_2(entity) sandwiched between x_{3(entity group)}

lo snuji — sandwich.

i mi pu citka pa snuji be le rectu bei le nanba — I ate a bread sandwich with meat inside.

Related words: midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri

snura — x_1(entity) is safe from threat x_2(entity)

lo snura — safe from a threat.

i mi'o snura le ka se gunta le bramlatu — We are safe from a possible attack of big cats.

Related words: ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu

snuti — x_{1(event of x2, state o f x2)} is an accident on the part of x_2(entity)

lo snuti — accident.

i le ka darxi la alis pu to'e snuti la kevin — It was deliberate on the part of Kevin to hit Alice.

i le mi'u ka srera pu snuti le mi'u lanli — The error happened accidentally on the part of the researcher.

Related words: zukte, cunso

so [digit/number] — 9, nine

i so tadni ca catlu do — There are 9 students looking at you.

so'a [digit/number] — almost all

i so'a prenu ca zukcfu no da — Almost all people are idle now.

i le mi'u se gunka se la'u li so'a mulno — The work is almost done.

so'e [digit/number] — most

i so'e prenu cu nelci le plise — Most people like apples.

so'i [digit/number] — many

i so'i prenu ca pindi — Many people are poor.

so'o [digit/number] — several

i mi pu tavla so'o prenu — I talked to several people.

so'u [digit/number] — few

i so'u prenu ca zvati le mi'u zarci — There are a few people now in the store.

sobde — x_1(entity) is some soya of species x_2(taxon)

lo sobde — soya.

i ti stasu le sobde — This is a soya soup.

Related words: dembi, gurni

sodna — x_1(entity) is a quantity of alkali metal ...

lo sodna — alkali metal.

i la natriium cu sodna — Sodium (Na) is an alkali metal.

Related words: jilka, jinme

sodva — x_1(entity) is a quantity of soda, carbonated beverage of brand x_2(taxon)

lo sodva — soda.

i mi pu pinxe le sodva be le bisli kruji — I was drinking an ice cream soda.

Related words: jilka, jinme

solji — x_1(entity) is a quantity of gold

lo solji — gold.

i le solji cu kargu — Gold is expensive.

i le letri te jorne poi le solji cu sefta cu xe benji se la'u li rau — Electrical junctions with gold surfaces are good transmitters.

Related words: ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu

solri — x_1(entity) is the sun of home planet x_2(entity) ...

lo solri — sun.

i ti solri so'o barda planeta — This is a home star of several big planets.

Related words: gusni, lunra, mluni, planeta, santa, terdi, tarci

sombo — x_1(entity) sows x_2(entity) in x_3(entity)

lo se sombo — sown.

i xu do mo'u sombo le mi'u tsiju le dertu — Have you sown the seeds in the ground?

Related words: crepu, tsiju

sonci — x_1(entity) is a soldier of army x_2(entity)

lo sonci — soldier. lo se sonci — army of soldiers.

i ti se sonci pa ki'o ji'i da — This is an army of approximately 1000 soldiers.

Related words: damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji

sorcu — x_1(entity) is a store or deposit of x_2(entity) ...

lo sorcu — store, deposit, stockpile.

i ei mi klama le sorcu be le cidja — I should go to a food store.

i xu le mi'u sorcu be le datni cu akti — Is the data store active?

Comment: vreji is record of information or computer file, lo sorcu is bound to a location, lo se sabji is stored, reserved that is not necessarily tied to a location.

Related words: banxa, panka

sorgu — x_1(entity) is sorghum of species x_2(taxon)

lo sorgu — sorghum.

i ra pu jai gau farvi fai le sorgu te zu'e le ka jai gau citka le jipci — He was growing sorghum to feed chickens.

Related words: gurni

sorta — x_1(entity) sorta is/does x_{2(property of x1)}

lo sorta — sorta, sort of.

i mi sorta le ka gleki — I'm sort of happy.

Related words: simsa, klesi

sovda — x_1(entity) is an egg or pollen from organism x_2(entity)

lo sovda — egg.

i mi pu lebna so'o sovda be le jipci — I took several hen eggs.

Comment: sovda is pollen, tsiju is spore or embryo-containing egg. Hen eggs used as food are usually unfertilized and thus are sovda.

Related words: ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, lanbi, tarbi

spaji — x_{1(event, action)} surprises x_2(entity)

lo spaji — surprising event. lo se spaji — surprised.

i mi se spaji le nu do kakne le ka zgipli le tabra — I am surprised that you can play the horn.

Related words: marvele, jenca, bredi, suksa

spali — x_1(entity) polishes x_2(entity) with polish x_3(entity) ...

lo te spali — polish.

i le mi'u ninmu cu spali le xadni be vo'a le cakla — The woman polished her body with a chocolate.

Related words: mosra, sraku, xutla

spano — x_1(entity) is Spanish in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo spano — Spanish.

i xu le mi'u ninmu cu spano — Is she Spanish?

Related words: ketco

spati — x_1(entity) is a plant of species x_2(taxon)

lo spati — plant (organism).

i le mi'u spati cu banro — The plant is growing.

Related words: genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu

speni — x_1(entity) is married to x_2(entity) under custom x_{3(proposition)} ; x₁ is a spouse of x₂

lo speni — spouse, wife, husband.

i le speni be mi cu se jibri le ka mikce — My spouse works as a doctor.

Related words: prami, gletu

spisa — x_1(entity) is a portion or piece of x_2(entity)

lo spisa — portion, piece. lo se spisa — portioned.

i ko sabji le pa spisa be le plise mi — Give me a piece of an apple.

Related words: pagbu

spita — x_1(entity) is a hospital treating patient x_2(entity) for condition x_{3(property of x2)}

lo spita — hospital. lo se spita — patient of a hospital.

i tu spita le verba le te bilma pe gau le vidru — That is a hospital treating children for viral diseases.

Related words: bilma, mikce

spofu — x_1(entity) is broken in function x_{2(property of x1)}

lo spofu — broken. lo se spofu — broken function.

i le mi'u molki cu spofu le ka cupra le purmo — The mill is broken and is not producing the flour.

Related words: daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre

spoja — x_1(entity) explodes or bursts into pieces x_2(entity)

lo spoja — exploding.

i le mi'u jbama pu spoja le pagbu — The bomb exploded into pieces.

Related words: porpi, pagbu, cecla, jakne, jbama

sportivo — x_1(entity) is a sportsman / sportswoman practicing type of sports x_2(entity)

lo sportivo — sportsperson, sportsman, sportswoman. lo se sportivo — sports.

i mi sportivo la tenis — I practice tennis.

Related words: zajba, sluji, dansu

spuda — x_1(entity) responds or answers to stimulus x_2(entity) with response x_{3(property of x1)}

lo spuda — responder. lo se spuda — stimulus for a response. lo te spuda — response.

i mi pu spuda le se retsku le ka spusku zo je'u — I responded to the question by replying "Yes."

i le mi'u prenu pu spuda le se friti be le mi'u fetsi le ka cmila — The person responded to her offer with laughter.

i le mi'u skami na spuda — The computer is not responding.

Related words: cusku, retsku, nabmi, danfu, spuda, cpedu

spusku — x_1(entity) responds with x₂ x_2(text) to x_3(entity)

lo spusku — responder. lo se spusku — reply, response, answer.

i au la jasmin ba spusku zo je'u mi — I wish Jasmine replies "Yes" to me.

Related words: cusku, spuda, bacru, tavla, casnu, cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka

sraji — x_1(entity) is vertical in reference frame x_2(entity)

lo sraji — vertical.

i le mi'u grana cu simlu le ka sraji mi — The rod seems to be standing vertically from my position.

Related words: sanli, pinta

sraku — x_1(entity) scratches x_2(entity)

lo sraku — abrasive, cutting (abrasive), scratching. lo se sraku — scratched.

i mi pu sraku le stedu be mi — I scratched my head.

Comment: sraku does not imply that material is removed, kakpa implies that, though.

Related words: guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa, spali

sralo — x_1(entity) is Australian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo sralo — Australian.

i xu tu noi nixli cu sralo — Is that girl Australian?

Related words: glico

srana — x_1(entity) is relevant to x_2(entity)

lo srana — relevant.

i e'o do ciska le srana be le fatci se lifri be do — Please write about related to your real experience.

i xu le mi'u nu do litru cu srana le jibri be do — Is your journey a business trip?

Related words: ckini, ponse, steci

srasu — x_1(entity) is a blade of grass of species x_2(taxon)

lo srasu — blade of grass.

i le bakni cu nitcu le srasu — Cows need grass.

Comment: expanse of grass is loi srasu.

Related words: spati

srera — x_1(entity) errs in doing x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo se srera — error, mistake.

i mi pu srera le ka cuxna ma kau noi speni mi — I made a mistake in choosing my spouse.

i mi pu srera le ka klama la madrid — I made a mistake by going to Madrid.

Comment: when using kau x₂ can specify the actual act considered an error.

Related words: drani, cfila, fliba

sruma — x_1(entity) assumes that x_{2(property of x3)} is true about x_3(entity)

lo se sruma — assumed.

i mi sruma le nu racli vau le nu ca'o smaji — I think it'd be rational to continue keeping silence.

Related words: smadi, birti

sruri — x_1(entity) encloses or surrounds x_2(entity) in direction x_3(entity)

lo sruri — enclosing. lo se sruri — enclosed.

i le mi'u ckule cu se sruri le cmana joi le lalxu le ro korbi — The school is surrounded by mountains and lakes from all sides.

Related words: karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine

stace — x_1(entity) is honest with x_2(entity) about x_{3(property of x1)}

lo stace — honest.

i ko stace mi le ka pu smusku le nu do pu zukte ma kau — Be honest with me in saying what you did.

i sei mi stace mi na djuno — Frankly, I don't know.

i sei mi stace na vajni mi — Frankly, it's not important to me.

Related words: tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri

stagi — x_1(entity) is an edible part of plant ...

i au stasu le stagi — I'd like a vegetable soup.

i ti noi genja cu patlu stagi — This root is a vegetable of potato plant.

Comment: includes edible fruits, vegetables, seeds, roots, leaves, stems, flowers, buds.

Related words: grute, kobli, narge, sluni, spati, sunga, tamca

staku — x_1(entity) is a ceramics ...

lo staku — ceramic.

i mi se cinri tu'a le jungo staku — I have an interest in Chinese ceramics.

Related words: kliti

stali — x_1(entity) stays or remains at x_2(entity)

lo stali — staying, remaining.

i mi te mukti le ka stali vi ku ze'a le djedi be li ci — I am going to stay here for three days.

Related words: vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi

stani — x_1(entity) is a stem or trunk of plant x_2(entity)

lo stani — stem, trunk. lo se stani — plant with a stem (organism).

i pa cribe ca'o cpare le stani be pa clani tricu — A bear is climbing up a trunk of a high tree.

Related words: tuple, mudri

stapa — x_1(entity) steps on surface x_2(entity) using limbs x_3(entity)

i le mi'u xirma pu jundi stapa le bisli le sufti — The horse carefully stepped on the ice with her hoofs.

i mi pu stapa se ka'a le mi'u cripu — I stepped to the bridge.

Related words: bajra, plipe, cadzu, skalera

stasu — x_1(entity) is some soup with ingredients x_2(entity)

lo stasu — soup. lo se stasu — ingredient of a soup.

i mi pu citka le stasu be le dembi jo'u le silna — I ate a bean soup with salt.

Related words: sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso

stati — x_1(entity) has talent for doing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo stati — talented. lo se stati — talent.

i ra stati le ka zbasu le bambola — She has talent for making dolls.

Related words: jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne

steba — x_1(entity) feels frustration about x_2(clause)

lo steba — frustrated. lo se steba — frustrating situation.

i le mi'u nakni pu steba le nu la alis di'i pante — He was frustrated of Alice's regular complaints.

Related words: cinmo

steci — x_{1(property of x2)} is specific only to x_2(entity) among x_{3(entity full set)} ; x₂ is the only one, are the only ones being or doing x₁ among x₃

lo steci — specific feature. lo se steci — having a specific feature.

i fi le jmive fa le remna cu se steci le ka pilno le xislu — Among living beings, only humans use wheel.

Related words: po'e, srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra

stedu — x_1(entity) is a head of x_2(entity)

lo stedu — head.

i le stedu be le mi'u verba cu glare — The child's head is hot.

Related words: drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku

stela — x_1(entity) is a lock for sealing x_2(entity), with mechanism x_{3(property of x1)}

lo stela — lock. lo se stela — sealed with a lock. lo te stela — locking mechanism.

i ti stela ti noi tanxe vau le ka te setca le mapti ckiku — This is a lock for sealing this box; a suitable key is to be inserted into it.

Comment: x₃ describes how this mechanism works to open/close x₁.

Related words: ckiku

stero — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) steradians ...

i le te kojna be fi ti cu stero li pa — The vertex of this cone subtends 1 steradian.

Related words: centi

stici — x_1(entity) is to the west of x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo stici — western.

i la amerik cu stici la afrik ti — America is to the west of Africa when viewed from here.

Related words: stuna, berti, snanu, farna

stidi — x_1(entity) suggests x_{2(idea, action)} to x_3(entity)

lo stidi — advisor. lo se stidi — piece of advice, suggestion, proposal.

i da'i do stidi tu'a ma noi gusta — What restaurant would you recommend?

i le se stidi be le mi'u fetsi pu du le nu daspo le mi'u dinju — Her proposal was to destroy the building.

Related words: tcica, xlura

stika — x_1(event) adjusts, makes x_{2(property of nonce place)} change, vary in degree x_3(entity)

lo stika — regulating event. lo se stika — adjusted.

i le nu vlile brife cu stika le se zukte be mi le so'i mei — Stormy winds change my actions a lot.

Comment: binxo describes that entity turns into another entity, galfi is to turn one entity into another one. cenba describes how entity changes its state while remaining the same entity, stika is to make entity change its state.

Related words: cenba, galfi, binxo, zasni, stodi

stizu — x_1(entity) is a seat, bench, chair

lo stizu — seat, chair, bench.

i e'a do jai gau muvdu fai le mi'u stizu ti gi'e zutse — Feel free to move the chair here and be seated.

Related words: nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana

stodi — x_1(entity) is static, constant, unchanging in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo stodi — constant.

i ra stodi le ka jinvi ma kau — He is stable in is views.

Related words: cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari

stomaxu — x_1(entity) is a stomach, digestive organ of x_2(entity)

lo stomaxu — stomach.

i le stomaxu be mi cu culno — I am full.

Related words: rango, betfu, moklu, risna, livga

stuna — x_1(entity) is to the east of x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo stuna — eastern.

i le nurma zdani be mi cu stuna le mi'u tcadu zdani ti — My rural house is to the west of the city apartment when viewed from here.

Related words: stici, berti, snanu, farna

stura — x_1(entity) is a structure, arrangement with components x_{2(entity full set, entity)}

lo stura — structure. lo se stura — structured.

i le dinju cu stura le bliku — Buildings are structures made of bricks.

i le jufra cu stura le valsi — Sentence is a structure made of words.

Comment: x₂ describes the whole set. For a particular member of a set use cmima.

Related words: ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna

stuzi — x_1(entity) is an inherent site of x_2(entity)

lo stuzi — site, place (location).

i ma stuzi le spita — Where is a hospital?

Comment: unlike zvati the verb stuzi describes inherent places.

Related words: jmive, diklo, bu'u, zvati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali

su'a [interjection] — I generalize, su'a nai — in particular

i le speni be mi be'o poi du la alis cu xebni le birje i je su'a ro ninmu cu xebni le birje — Alice, which is my wife, hates beer. And that shows that all women hate beer.

i mi nelci le ninmu y ju'e su'a nai la alis — I like women ... Alice in particular.

Comment: su'a is generalizing, extrapolating from specific cases, induction. su'a nai is making the most likely explanations from some premises, abduction. ja'o is applying general rules, all of the premises to specific cases, deduction..

su'e [digit/number] — at most ..., no more than ...

i su'e re prenu ca zvati le mi'u dinju — There are at most two people in the building.

su'i — plus, addition operator (symbol + in math)

i li pa ci su'i mu du li pa bi — 13 + 5 = 18.

su'o [digit/number] — at least ..., no less than ...

i su'o ci prenu pu cliva le mi'u zdani — At least three people left the building.

i su'o prenu ca jundi — At least one person is attentive now.

i mi pu xagji se la'u li su'o — I was hungry to some degree.

su'u [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

i le su'u mi tadni vau be le pruce cu nandu — My learning is hard process.

i le nu catlu le pindi vau be le se lifri pu cizra — It was a strange experience to look at the poor man.

Comment: x_{1 (clause)} is the clause (that follows) that has the type x₂. Allows to specify the type of the clause.

sudga — x_1(entity) is dry of liquid x_2(entity)

lo sudga — dry.

i le mi'u grute cu sudga le jisra — The fruit is dry of juice.

Related words: cilmo, litki, runta

sufti — x_1(entity) is a hoof of x_2(entity)

lo sufti — hoof.

i ei do lasna le cutci le sufti be le xirma le dinko — You should fit the shoe to the horse's hoof with nails.

Related words: xirma

suksa — x_1(entity) suddenly, sharply changes at point x_{2(entity, event)} in process x_{3(process, property)}

lo suksa — sudden change.

i le nu mi co'a cikna cu pu suksa le cabdei le temci be le nu mi sipna — Today I woke up fast.

Comment: doesn't necessarily imply surprise of change

Related words: sutra, temci, slilu, zi, vitci, cfari, vlile, spaji

sumji — x_1(entity) is the sum of x_{2(same type as x1)} plus x_{3(same type as x1)} plus x_{4(same type as x1)} ...

lo sumji — sum. lo se sumji — summand.

i li bi sumji li mu li ci — 8 = 5 + 3.

Comment: can have any number of places. Starting from x₂ they represent summands.

Related words: jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji

sumne — x_1(entity) smells the scent x_2(entity)

lo se sumne — scent.

i mi sumne le panci be le xrula — I smell the scent of flowers.

i mi sumne le xrula — I feel a flower scent.

Related words: nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana

sumti — x_1(text) is an argument, noun / name / pronoun of predicate x_{2(property of nonce place)} filling place x_3(text)

lo sumti — noun, name, pronoun, verb argument. lo se sumti — verb, predicate. lo te sumti — place of a verb argument.

i zo mi sumti le ka dunda vau zo fi — mi is the third argument of the verb dunda.

Comment: x₃ quotes a preposition (like fa or to'o) that puts the argument into its position.

Related words: bridi, darlu, gismu

sunga — x_1(entity) is some garlic of species x_2(taxon)

lo sunga — garlic.

i le sunga cu se panci le carmi — Garlic gives off a strong odor.

Related words: stagi

sunla — x_1(entity) is some wool from x_2(entity)

lo sunla — wool.

i le sunla be le lanme cu xutla — Lamb's wool is soft.

Related words: kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa

surla — x_1(entity) relaxes by doing x_{2(property of x1)}

i mi surla le ka vreta pa sfofa — I relax myself by lying on a sofa.

Related words: dunku, tatpi, zukcfu, vreta

sutra — x_1(entity) is fast or quick at doing x_{2(event, state of x1)}

lo sutra — fast, quick. lo se sutra — done fast.

i la alis pu sutra le ka punji le mi'u botpi le mi'u tanxe — Alice was fast enough in putting the bottle into the box.

Related words: masno

sy [pronoun] — s (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like sy is for the last lo sanmi used.

ta [pronoun] — that (near you)

i e'o do dunda ta noi penbi — Please, give me that pen near you.

ta'a [vocative] — Shows that the speaker interrupts the dialog

i ta'a le nobli ma se zvati le sivni kumfa — Pardon for interrupting, but where is the toilet?

ta'e [preposition of aspect] — habitually (habitual aspect)

i mi ta'e citka le plise — I used to eat apples.

i le verba ta'e ze'i co'a tatpi — Children tend to quickly get tired.

ta'i [preposition from tadji] — by method ..., adverb: methodically

i ta'i ma do pu mo'u klama ti — How did you get here?

Comment: the clause describes the event happening via this method.

ta'o [interjection] — by the way, ta'o nai — returning to main point

i ta'o do nanca ma — By the way, how old are you?

i ta'o nai mi platu le ka vitke la moskov de'i li jy dy re — Back to the point, I'm planning to visit Moscow on Tuesday.

Related words: ni'o, vajni

tabno — x_1(entity) is a quantity of carbon

lo tabno — carbon.

i le kolme cu marji le tabno — Coal consists of carbon.

Related words: kolme

tabra — x_1(entity) is a musical horn, trumpet

lo tabra — trumpet, horn (musical instrument).

i le xanto cu bacru le simsa be le sance be le tabra — Elephants produce sounds similar to trumpet.

Related words: zgike

tadji — x_{1(property of nonce place)} is a method for doing x_{2(property of nonce place)} ...

lo tadji — method. lo se tadji — done methodically.

i le nu jai gau glare cu tadji le nu jukpa le sovda — Heating is how you cook an egg.

Related words: ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, ta'i

tadni — x_1(entity) is a student of x_2(entity)

lo tadni — student. lo se tadni — studied.

i mi tadni le cmaci — I study math.

Related words: ckule, cilre, ctuca

tagji — x_1(entity) is tight, snug on x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)} ...

lo tagji — tight, snug.

i le mi'u kosta cu tagji le mi'u verba le ka bekpi se pagbu — The coat is tight on the child in its back part.

Related words: trati, jarki, kluza, rinju

tai [preposition from tasmi] — like ..., in manner ..., resembling ...

i la kevin cu zukte ro da tai i ja'e bo mi jimpe no de — Kevin does everything in such a way I can't understand anything.

i ba zi le nu le vorme co'a kalri vau le mi'u nakni pu klama le nenri tai le nu mi'a ca'o denpa tu'a le mi'u nakni — As soon as the door opened, he got in as if we were waiting for him.

Comment: the clause describes the event happening in this manner.

taksi — x_1(entity) is a taxi

lo taksi — taxi.

i ai mi klama fu le taksi — I'm going to take a taxi.

Related words: aftobuso, tcadu, karce

talsa — x_1(entity) challenges x_2(entity) at x_{3(property of x2)}

i mi pu talsa le mi'u nakni le ka facki le danfu — I challenged him in finding the answer.

Related words: jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu

tamca — x_1(entity) is a tomato of species x_2(taxon)

lo tamca — tomato.

i mi na nelci le tasta be le tamca — I don't like the taste of tomatoes.

Related words: grute, stagi

tamji — x_1(entity) is a thumb or big toe on limb x_2(entity) ...

lo tamji — thumb.

i mi pu darxi le tamji be mi se pi'o pa mruli — I hit my thumb with a hammer.

Related words: degji, tance, xance, jamfu

tamne — x_1(entity) is a cousin to x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(proposition)}

lo tamne — cousin.

i do tunba mi le ka patfu be le patfu — You are my cousin since we have the same paternal grandfather.

Related words: dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba

tanbo — x_1(entity) is a board or plank ...

lo tanbo — board, plank.

i ne'a le tanbo pu sanli fa pa nixli noi le flira zo'u darsi cisma — A girl with a cheeky smile on her face was standing at the blackboard.

Related words: bliku, kubli

tance — x_1(entity) is a tongue of x_2(entity)

lo tance — tongue.

i gau ko punli fa le tance — Put the tongue out.

Related words: moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji

tanjo — x_1(number) it a tangent of angle x_2(number)

lo tanjo — tangent.

i li pa tanjo le radno be li pai fe'i vo — 1 is the tangent of "pi/4" radians.

Related words: sinso

tanko — x_1(entity) is a quantity of tobacco of species x_2(taxon)

lo tanko — tobacco.

i ra vasxu le tanko — He smokes tobacco.

Related words: sigja, marna

tanru — x_1(text) is a compound verb formed with component x_2(text) that modifies x_{3(text) (entity, text)} ...

lo tanru — compound verb, tanru.

i lu sutra bajra li'u cu tanru zo sutra zo bajra — melbi ractu is a tanru (compound verb) with seltau sutra and tertau bajra.

i zoi gy.drip fry.gy. tanru — "drip fry" is a tanru.

Related words: gismu, smuni

tansi — x_1(entity) is a pan, shallow basin, sink for contents x_2(entity) ...

lo tansi — shallow basin, pan, sink. lo se tansi — contents of a pan.

i ti tansi le salta — This is a bowl for salad.

Related words: baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri, botpi

tanxe — x_1(entity) is a box or crate for contents x_2(entity) ...

lo tanxe — box. lo se tanxe — contents of a box.

i ra pu bevri pa tanxe be le penbi — He brought a box of pens.

Related words: bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru

tapla — x_1(entity) is a tile ...

lo tapla — tile.

i le sefta be le mi'u dargu cu vasru le tapla — The road pavement contains tiles.

Comment: for tapla the third dimension is uniform and relatively thin, for karda the third dimension is insignificant.

Related words: bliku, kubli, matci, karda, bliku, kurfa, matci, plita, tarmi

tarbi — x_1(entity) is an embryo with mother x_2(entity) and father x_3(entity)

lo tarbi — embryo. lo se tarbi — mother of an embryo. lo te tarbi — father of an embryo.

i le mi'u ninmu pu cusku fi le mi'u nanmu fe lu ti tarbi mi do pe na ku li'u — She said to him "It's not your baby." (about her not yet born child).

Related words: gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute

tarci — x_1(entity) is a star ...

lo tarci — star.

i xu nai pluka fa le ka catlu le tarci ca le nicte — Isn't it pleasant to look at stars at night?

Related words: solri, tsani

tarla — x_1(entity) is a quantity of tar ...

lo tarla — tar.

i mi na kakne le ka lumci le creka le tarla — I can't clean my shirt of the tar.

Related words: kolme, pesxu, snipa

tarmi — x_1(entity) is the shape of x_2(entity)

lo tarmi — shape, form (figure), look (appearance). lo se tarmi — having a shape.

i le balnema cu se tarmi le finpe — Whales have the form of fishes.

Comment: lo te marji is physical shape.

Related words: nejni, te marji, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu

tarti — x_1(entity) behaves oneself in manner x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo se tarti — behaviour, behavior.

i traji xamgu se tarti do fa le ka da'i smaji — The best behaviour for you would be keeping silence.

Related words: cnano, spuda, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde

taske — x_1(entity) thirsts for x_2(entity)

lo taske — thirsty.

i mi taske — I'm thirsty.

i mi mutce taske le jisra — I'm dying for a juice!

Related words: nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe

tasmi — x_1(clause) is the way or manner in which x_2(clause) happens

lo tasmi — manner.

i le ka plipe ga'u le bitmu pu tasmi le nu mi pu co'a zvati le purdi — Jumping over the fence, this is how l got into the garden.

Related words: tai, ta'i, tadji

tasta — x_1(entity) is a taste of x_2(entity)

lo tasta — taste.

i le tasta be le mi'u nanba cu titla — The bread has a sweet taste.

Related words: smaka, vrusi, kukte, silna

tatpi — x_1(entity) is tired of x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo tatpi — tired. lo se tatpi — tiring.

i mi tatpi le nu do so'i roi pante — I'm tired of your numerous complaints.

Related words: cikna, sipna, surla

tatru — x_1(entity) is a breast of x_2(entity)

lo tatru — breast.

i ra se tatru le barda — She has big boobs.

Related words: ladru, mabru

tavla — x_1(entity) talks to x_2(entity) about x_{3(entity, text)} in language x_4(entity)

lo te tavla — subject of a talk.

i ko smaji ca le nu mi tavla la alis fo la lojban fi le nu prami — Keep silence when I'm talking to Alice in Lojban about love.

Comment: skicu is to tell, cusku is to say, tavla is to talk, benji su'o notci is to notify. The second place of skicu is filled with a topic like skicu su'o dansu (tell about dancers), the second place of cusku is filled with a text like cusku zo dansu (to say "dance"")

Related words: bacru, casnu, darlu, ciksi, bangu

taxfu — x_1(entity) is a garment worn by x_2(entity) ...

lo taxfu — garment.

i ti noi sunla kosta cu taxfu le zvati be le cmana gi'e jai bandu fi le nu lenku — This fur coat is used by those who are in mountains and protects from cold.

Related words: creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe

tcaci — x_{1(property of x2)} is a custom or habit of x_2(entity) ...

lo tcaci — custom, habit. lo se tcaci — having a habit.

i ra se ke xlali tcaci le ka batci le jgalu — He has a bad habit of biting his fingernails.

Related words: fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri

tcadu — x_1(entity) is a city or town of area x_2(entity) ...

lo tcadu — city, town.

i le ralju tcadu be le bu'u gugde cu darno ti — The main city of this country is far away from here.

Related words: jarbu, nurma, cecmu

tcana — x_1(entity) is a station, node for component x_2(entity) of a network

lo tcana — network station, network node. lo se tcana — network with a station.

i ti tcana le trene — This is a train station.

Related words: dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, letri, fatri

tcati — x_1(entity) is some tea brewed from x_2(entity)

lo tcati — tea. lo se tcati — leaf of tea.

i mi pinxe le tcati be le crino pezli — I'm drinking tea brewed from green leaves.

Related words: ckafi

tcemi — x_1(entity) is compared with x_2(entity)

i mi poi tcemi do barda — I am big compared to you.

Related words: zmadu

tcena — x_1(entity) extends to range x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)} from range x_4(entity)

lo tcena — stretchy.

i le bratu carvi cu tcena fo ti fe le drata gugde le vlile — The violent hail spreads from here to another country.

Related words: kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati

tcica — x_{1(event of x2, experience of x2)} tricks or misleads x_2(entity) into x_{3(event of x2, state of x2, action of x2, belief of x2)}

lo tcica — misleading event. lo se tcica — tricked, misled.

i le nu le jbari cu xunre cu tcica mi le ka pensi le nu to'e se ckape le ka citka le mi'u jbari — The red color of the berry misled me into thinking that it's safe to eat it.

Related words: stace, xlura, stidi, kajde

tcidu — x_1(entity) reads x_2(text) from medium x_3(entity)

lo tcidu — reader. lo se tcidu — readable, text to be read. lo te tcidu — document to be read.

i mi mo'u tcidu le se ciska le mi'u bitmu — I have read what is written on the wall.

Related words: ciska, cukta, karni

tcika — x_1(number) is the time of x_{2(state, event)} happening on day x_3(clause) at location or timezone x_4(entity)

lo tcika — time of day. lo te tcika — time zone.

i le fetsi pu ku ca le se tcika mo'u klama — She arrived on time.

i mi ca le se tcika ba'o mo'u klama — I arrived in time.

i li cy pa ci tcika le nu ei mi'o cliva vau le bavlamdei — 1 pm tomorrow is when we should leave.

i li cy so my ci no tcika le nu le pa zarci co'a akti vau le cabdei ti — The shop starts working today at 9:30.

i li cy pa no my mu sy re ze tcika le nu le jakne co'a vofli vau le cabdei la nipon. — Today at 10:05:27 (Japanese timezone) is the time of the rocket starting the flight.

Comment: in x₁ cy is put before hours, my is put before minutes, sy is put before seconds.

Related words: detri, de'i, cacra, cerni, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca

tcila — x_1(entity) is a detail of x_2(entity)

lo tcila — detail, feature. lo se tcila — detailed, having features.

i le bangu cu ro roi vajni tcila le mi'u cecmu — Language is always an important detail of a society.

Related words: diklo, steci

tcilokoiotli — x_1(entity) is a pumpkin of species x_2(taxon)

lo tcilokoiotli — pumpkin.

i xu do pu'i smaka le sanso be le tcilokoiotli — Have you ever tasted pumpkin sauce?

Related words: grute

tcima — x_1(clause) is the weather at place x_2(entity)

lo tcima — weather.

i lu ma tcima la moskov ca le cabdei li'u lu le solri li'u — "What is the weather today in Moscow?" "It is sunny."

Related words: brife, bumru, carvi, dilnu, bratu

tcini — x_{1(property of x2)} are the circumstances of x_{2(object, event, process)}

lo tcini — situation, circumstances, condition (state), chance (condition).

i ma tcini le mi'u nu do pu farlu — How did you fell down (what were the circumstances of your falling)?

i le nu tadni le saske poi le no'a na nelci cu cizra tcini — Studying a branch of science that you don't like is a crazy situation.

Related words: stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni

tcita — x_1(entity) is a label of x_2(entity) showing information x_{3(property of x2)}

lo tcita — tag, label. lo se tcita — tagged, labelled. lo te tcita — information on a tag.

i ti noi sinxa cu tcita le valsi le ka cnino — This symbol labels words as being new.

Related words: sinxa, cmene, judri

te [place converter] — switches 1st and 3rd places of verb

i mi pu te vecnu pa karce pa pendo be mi — I bought a car from my friend.

i va'i pa pendo be mi pu vecnu pa karce mi — In other words, my friend sold a car to me.

te be'i [preposition from te benji] — sent to ...

i le mi'u prenu pu cusku da te be'i mi — He said something to me.

Comment: in the clause where te be'i is used x₁ is the sender.

te fi'e [preposition from te finti] — created with purpose ...

i le mi'u za'u mei ba'o pilno le minji pe te fi'e le nu cpacu le ctile — They no longer use machines created to get oil.

te ka'a [preposition from te klama] — going from ...

i mi pu bajra te ka'a le mi'u za'u mei — I ran away from them.

Comment: in the clause where teka'a is used x₁ is the one who goes.

te rai [preposition from te traji] — preferring out of ...

i le fragari cu se nelci mi te rai le jbari — Out of berries, I like strawberries most.

Comment: x₁ of the clause describes the most one in this comparison, the clause itself describes the comparison.

te zu'e [preposition from te zukte] — with a goal of ..., adverb: for a purpose

i le mi'u prenu cu gunka te zu'e le ka co'u morji — He works in order to forget.

te'ai [subscript] — subscript prefix, attaches a numeral showing dimension of a measurement verb

i le vi foldi cu mitre te'ai re li pa no no — This field is 100 square meters.

Comment: mitre te'ai re is square meters, mitre te'ai ci is cubic meters.

te'o [digit/number] — exponential e (approximately 2.71828)

i li te'o te'a vei ka'o pi'i pai ve'o du li ni'u pa — e^{(i × π)} = -1.

temci — x_1(clause) is the elapsed time from x_2(clause) to x_3(clause)

i le cacra be li ci cu temci le nu mi co'a klama fi le dinju vau le nu le mamta mo'u klama le dinju — Three hours passed from the time I left the building till the time the mother arrived at it.

Related words: cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi

tende — x_1(entity) tends to do or be x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tende — having tendency.

i le mi'u nakni cu tende le ka smusku le jitfa — He tends to lie.

Related words: lakne, zukte, fanta, ckaji, tcaci, cafne, fadni, cnano

tenfa — x_{1(entity, number)} is the exponential result of x_{2(same type as x1)} to the power of x_3(number)

lo tenfa — exponential result. lo se tenfa — exponential base. lo te tenfa — exponent.

i li so tenfa li ci li re — 9 is the exponential result of 3 to the power 2.

Related words: dugri

tengu — x_{1(property of x2)} is a texture of x_2(entity)

lo tengu — texture. lo se tengu — having a texture.

i le pilka be le mi'u tricu cu se tengu le ka rufsu — The rind of the tree has a rough texture.

Related words: sefta, rufsu, xutla

terdi — x_1(entity) is the home planet of inhabitants x_2(entity)

lo terdi — home planet, earth (planet).

i ti terdi le remna — This is the planet of humans.

Comment: lo dertu is ground, dirt. But bu'u lo terdi is on the ground.

Related words: lunra, planeta, solri, kensa, tsani

terpa — x_1(entity) fears x_2(clause)

lo terpa — fearful, afraid of. lo se terpa — causing fear.

i mi terpa le nu le mamta cu viska ti — I'm afraid that my mom will see this.

Related words: snura, xalni, xanka, virnu

terto — x_1(entity) is a trillion, 10¹² of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i ti noi tcana cu terto le bitni be li bi le ka vasru — This network station stores 1 Terabyte of data.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

ti [pronoun] — this (near me, here)

i ma jdima ti — What is the price of this?

i ko stali ti — Stay here.

ti'a [preposition of cardinal direction] — to the rear of ..., adverb: behind

i ti'a do karce — There is a car behind you.

ti'e [interjection] — I hear (hearsay)

i ti'e ba carvi — They say it will rain.

i ti'e le mi'u prenu cu zabna mikce — She is said to be a good doctor.

Related words: tirna, sitna, tcidu

tigni — x_1(entity) performs x_{2(property of x1)} for audience x_3(entity)

lo tigni — performer. lo se tigni — performance. lo te tigni — audience of a performance.

i le mi'u za'u mei cu tigni le ka sutra dansu vau le tadni — They are performing a fast dance before students.

Related words: jarco

tilju — x_1(entity) is heavy or massive in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tilju — heavy.

i ti noi tanxe cu je'a tilju le ka gau muvdu re'o le loldi — This box is really heavy in dragging it on the floor.

Related words: linto, carmi, bunda, junta

tinbe — x_1(entity) obeys rule x_{2(property of x1)} made by x_3(entity)

lo se tinbe — rule obeyed.

i mi tinbe le te minde do — I obey your command.

Related words: tolpro, minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri

tinci — x_1(entity) is some tin

lo tinci — tin.

i le mi'u tanxe cu marji le tinci — The box is made of tin.

Related words: lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme

tinsa — x_1(entity) is rigid, stiff in direction x_2(entity) against force x_3(clause) ...

lo tinsa — rigid, stiff.

i le mi'u falnu cu tinsa le pinta le mi'u brife — The sail is rigid in horizontal direction against the wind.

Related words: toltinsa, bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi

tirna — x_1(entity) hears x_2(entity) ...

lo se tirna — heard.

i mi pu tirna le sance be pa palta poi ca'o porpi — I heard the sound of a plate breaking.

Related words: kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana

tirse — x_1(entity) is a quantity of iron

lo tirse — iron.

i le solji ne se mau le tirse cu tilju — Gold is heavier than iron.

Related words: jinme, gasta, molki

tisna — x_1(entity) is filled with material x_{2(entity, property of x1)} ; x₂ pours into x₁

i le mi'u kicne cu tisna le pimlu — The cushion is filled with feathers.

Related words: culno, kunti, rinci, setca

titla — x_1(entity) is sweet or sugary to x_2(entity)

lo titla — sweet, sugary.

i le mi'u badna cu titla mi — The banana tastes sweet to me.

Related words: sakta, slari, kurki

tivni — x_1(entity) is a video camera or TV center streaming x_2(entity) via medium x_3(entity) to TV receiver x_4(entity)

lo tivni — streaming video camera, streaming TV center. lo se tivni — streamed video.

i ti ca'o tivni pa skina la internet le skami pe le zdani be mi — This camera is streaming video via the internet to my home computer.

Related words: cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana

tixnu — x_1(entity) is a daughter of x_2(entity)

lo tixnu — daughter. lo se tixnu — parent of a daughter.

i ma nuzba le tixnu be do — How is your daughter?

Related words: bersa, se rirni, verba, nixli, fetsi, mamta, mensi

to — to ... toi are parentheses, mark parenthetical comments

i lei mi'u verba to lei mi'u rirni pu zvati le zarci toi pu klama le bartu — The children (the parents were at the store) went outside.

to'e [left scalar particle] — anti- (opposite on the scale). Modifies the construct to the right

i mi to'e ri'a nai snada — Despite that, I succeeded.

i to'e cafne fa le nu carvi bu'u ti — It rains here seldom.

i mi to'e nelci le perli — I hate pears.

to'o [preposition of place] — directly away from ...

i da pu renro pa rokci to'o le mi'u bitmu — Someone threw a stone from the direction of the fence.

to'u [interjection] — in short, to'u nai — in detail

i to'u mi na djuno le danfu — In short, I don't know the answer.

i to'u nai mi cliva ca le lamji vanci — In detail, I leave this evening.

Related words: tordu, clani, tcidu

toi [terminator] — ends a construct started with: to

toknu — x_1(entity) is an oven for heating x_2(entity)

lo toknu — oven. lo se toknu — baked in an oven.

i ti toknu le cidja — This is an oven for cooking food.

i tu toknu le mudri — That is a wood burning stove.

Related words: jukpa, cidja, nanba

tolckire — x_1(entity) feels resentment, bitterness towards x_2(entity) for action x_{3(property of x2)}

lo tolckire — resentful.

i mi pu tolckire le ninmu le ka tarti le xlali — I felt resentful of this lady's bad behavior.

Related words: to'e, ckire

toldi — x_1(entity) is a butterfly or moth of species x_2(taxon)

lo toldi — butterfly, moth.

i mi zgana le tarmi be le nu le toldi cu vofli — I observe how butterflies fly.

Related words: cinki

tolna'e — x_{1(proposition)} confirms, is an evidence for x_{2(proposition)}

lo tolna'e — evidence.

i le mi'u du'u la kevin na xagji cu tolna'e le mi'u du'u la kevin pu citka le torta — The fact that Kevin is not hungry is the evidence that he ate a cake.

i tolna'e le mi'u du'u mi ba na jinga — It's clear that I won't win.

Related words: natfe, nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra

tolpo'u — x_1(entity) is capable of performing functions x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tolpo'u — functional, usable.

i le mi'u minji cu tolpo'u — The machine is functional.

Related words: to'e, spofu, akti, kakne

tolpro — x_1(entity) surrenders, yields to x_2(entity) in x_{3(entity, property of x1)} ; x₁ consents to do x₃

i mi pu tolpro le pendo le ka klama le dinju be le nu skina — I accepted my friend's proposal to go to the cinema.

Comment: tugni is to agree with some statement, tolpro is to accept something and actually do it.

Related words: fapro, tugni, i'a, vi'o, bradi, darlu, damba, lanxe

tolrinsa — x_1(entity) says goodbye, bids farewell to x_2(entity) ; x₁ sees x₂ off

i so'i pendo cu tolrinsa la alis — There were many friends seeing Alice off.

Related words: rinsa, friti, a'oi, coi, co'o, di'ai

toltinsa — x_1(entity) is flexible in direction x_2(entity) under force x_3(clause)

lo toltinsa — flexible.

i do simlu le ka toltinsa le ka tarti ma kau vau le se cpedu be le se prami be do — You seem to be flexible in your behavior under requests of your loved one.

Related words: tinsa, bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi

tolxanka — x_1(entity) calm about x_2(clause)

lo tolxanka — calm, tranquil, serene . lo se tolxanka — calm situation.

i e'o do tolxanka — Please, calm down.

Related words: xanka, surla, denpa, oi nai

tolycladu — x_1(entity) has quiet sound at observation point x_2(entity)

lo tolycladu — quiet (producing soft sound), soft (of sound).

i mi'a pu tolycladu tavla — We talked quiet.

i e'o tolycladu — Please, be quiet!

i le bu'u purdi cu tolycladu — This garden is a quiet place.

i le mi'u minji cu tolycladu le bartu — The machine has a soft sound when listening from the outside.

Related words: cladu, sance, smaji, savru

tolzdi — x_1(clause) is boring, dreary, wearisome, tedious to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo tolzdi — boring, tiresome, dreary, dull (boring). lo se tolzdi — bored.

i tolzdi se cau le zgike — It's boring without music.

i mi se tolzdi — I'm bored.

Comment: lo zdile has the opposite meaning, amuzing

Related words: zdile, cinri, panka, kelci

tonga — x_1(sound) is a tone of pitch x_2(entity) ...

lo tonga — tone. lo se tonga — tone pitch.

i le mi'u cipni ta'e bacru le tonga be le barda — The bird produces a high pitch.

i le bakni cu bacru le tonga be le cmalu — Cows produces low pitch.

Related words: rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu

tordu — x_1(entity) is short in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo tordu — short.

i ti noi uenzi cu tordu le ka se pagbu xo kau valsi — This text is short in the number of words.

Comment: the first largest dimension. tordu, jarki and cinla specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani

torni — x_1(entity) twists under force x_2(clause)

lo torni — twisting.

i mi mo'u jai se torni le tornozelo — I twisted my ankle.

Related words: tinsa, trati

tornozelo — x_1(entity) is an ankle of x_2(entity)

lo tornozelo — ankle.

i le djacu pu lamji le tornozelo be ra — The water reached her ankles.

Related words: cidni, jamfu, tuple, jorne

torta — x_1(entity) is a cake containing ingredients x_2(entity)

lo torta — cake, torte, tart, pie, flan.

i ti pu torta le grute e le kruji e le nanba — This was a cake made of fruits, cream and bread.

Related words: nanba, panlo, toknu

traduki — x_1(entity) translates x_2(text) to x_3(text)

lo traduki — translator, interpreter. lo se traduki — text translated.

i do traduki zoi gy.Yay, hello!.gy. ma noi lojbo — How would you translate "Yay, hello!" to Lojban?

i mi pu traduki lu coi ui li'u noi lojbo zoi gy.yay, hello!.gy. noi glico — I translated Lojban coi ui to English as "Yay, hello!"

i mi traduki le glico le lojbo — I translate from English to Lojban.

Comment: x₂ and x₃ can be filled with names denoting languages e.g. glico.

Related words: uenzi, cusku

traji — x_1(entity) is utmost in x_{2(property of x1)} among x_{3(property of x1) (entity full set)} ...

lo traji — utmost, most.

i la alis cu traji le ka clani vau le nixli pe ti noi ckule — Alice is the tallest among girls of this school.

Comment: milxe and mutce don't have similar x₃.

Related words: rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane, zmadu, mleca

trano — x_1(entity) is a quantity of nitrogen

lo trano — nitrogen.

i le vacri cu vasru le kijno e le trano — The air consists of oxygen and nitrogen.

Related words: vacri

trati — x_1(entity) is taut, strained in direction x_{2(property of x1)}

lo trati — taut, strained.

i le mi'u taxfu cu tarti le ka pinta — The dress is strained in horizontal direction.

Related words: tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza

trene — x_1(entity) is a caravan, a train of connected cars x_{2(entity group)} on the route or railroad x_3(entity) ...

lo trene — caravan, train (of cars). lo se trene — member of a caravan, car of a train, carriage (of a train).

i ti trene le mu mei — This train consists of 5 cars.

i so'i da trene le kumte la silka dargu — There are many camel caravans on the Silk Road.

Related words: tcana, kumte

tricu — x_1(entity) is a tree of species x_2(taxon)

lo tricu — tree.

i le cribe cu kakne le ka cpare le tricu — Bears can climb trees.

Related words: cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati

trina — x_1(entity) attracts x_2(entity) with x_{3(property of x1)}

lo trina — attractive. lo se trina — attracted.

i le mi'u jibri cu trina mi le nu mi zifre le ka cliva le briju ca le nu mi djica — The job attracts me in that I may leave the office when I want.

Related words: djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, magneti

trixe — x_1(entity) is behind x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

i le mi'u karce cu trixe le mi'u tricu le mi'u canko — The car is behind the tree when viewed from the window.

Related words: crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle

troci — x_1(entity) tries to do x_{2(event of x1, state of x1, property of x1)} ...

lo se troci — something tried.

i mi ba troci le ka cpare le mi'u tricu — I will try to climb the tree.

i le troci ku po'o cu snada i ku'i le troci po'o cu fliba — Only the one who tries succeeds. But the one who only tries fails.

Related words: fliba, snada, cipra

tsali — x_1(entity) is strong in property x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo tsali — strong.

i ei do tsali le ka tadni — You should study hard.

i do tsali le ka lafti le tilju — You are strong in lifting heavy objects.

Related words: ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa

tsani — x_1(entity) is the sky at place x_2(entity)

lo tsani — sky.

i le tsani be le mi'u xamsi cu klina gi'e banli — The sky in the sea is clean and magnificent.

Related words: gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi

tsapi — x_1(entity) is a spice or seasoning causing flavor x_2(entity)

lo tsapi — spice, seasoning. lo se tsapi — flavour of a seasoning, flavor of a seasoning.

i ti noi cidja cu culno le tsapi be le cpina — This food is rich in hot spices.

Related words: vrusi

tsiju — x_1(entity) is a seed, fertilized cell of organism x_2(entity) for producing offspring x_3(entity)

lo tsiju — seed, fertilized cell, spore.

i ti tsiju le manti le mamta — This is a fertilized cell producing ant queen.

Comment: sovda is pollen, tsiju is spore or embryo-containing egg.

Related words: tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati

tsina — x_1(entity) is a platform or stage at x_2(entity) supporting x_3(entity) ...

lo tsina — platform, stage.

i le tsani cu tsina pe'a le galtu le tarci — The sky is a high "pedestal" for stars.

Related words: greku, jubme

tsuku — x_1(entity) arrives at x_{2(entity, property of x1)} via x_3(entity) ; x₁ reaches x₂

lo se tsuku — place of arrival.

i mi mo'u klama le xotli le ralju klaji — I arrived at the hotel via the main street.

i mi kakne le ka mo'u klama le cmana — I can reach the mountain.

i le nu mi mo'u klama pu spaji le za'u da — My arrival surprised them.

tu [pronoun] — that over there (not near me or you)

i xu tu du le aftobuso pe mi'ai — Is that our bus?

i u'e cai tu mo — Oh my, what is that over there?

tu'a — refers to a noun inside an abstraction noun. "tu'a [noun]" is equivalent to "lo nu co'e [noun]", e.g. djica tu'a lo pa plise = djica lo nu co'e lo pa plise

i mi djica tu'a le pa plise — I want an apple. I want something to happen with an apple (maybe, I want to eat it).

tu'e — tu'e ... tu'u — brackets for grouping sentences

i mi cadzu ka'ai le mi'u gerku i je ba tu'e mi jukpa le nanba i ja ca bo mi lumci le mi'u kumfa tu'u — I will walk with the dog. And then I will either cook the bread or clean the room or doth both at the same time.

tu'o [digit/number] — prefix for uncountable nouns, null operand (used in unary mekso operations)

i tu'o sluni cu zvati le mi'u patxu — There is a mash of onions in the pot.

Comment: outside math formulae indicates that number can't be applied to the noun.

Related words: zi'o

tu'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: tu'e

tubnu — x_1(entity) is a tube made of x_2(entity) with the hole made of x_3(entity)

lo tubnu — tube, sleeve, hose. lo se tubnu — material of a tube. lo te tubnu — content of a tube.

i ti noi ponjo se sanmi cu tubnu le rismi le sovda be le finpe — This Japanese meal is a tube of rice with caviar as its filling.

Comment: x₃ can be air, water, etc.

Related words: kevna, canlu, slanu, kamju

tugni — x_1(entity) agrees with x_2(entity) that x_{3(proposition)} is true ...

i mi tugni do le nu ti noi purdi cu melbi — I agree with you that this is a beautiful garden.

Related words: sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji

tujli — x_1(entity) is a tulip of species x_2(taxon)

lo tujli — tulip.

i le mi'u tujli ba zi se xrula da — The tulips will bloom soon.

Related words: spati

tumla — x_1(entity) is a parcel of land at x_2(entity)

lo tumla — terrain, parcel of land.

i ti tumla pa drata gugde — This is a land of another country.

Related words: vacri, xamsi, tutra, gugde, xamsi

tunba — x_1(entity) is a sibling of x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(property of x1)}

lo tunba — sibling.

i do tunba mi le ka se mamta gi'e se patfu — You are my sibling since we are born from the same mother and father.

Related words: bruna, mensi, tamne

tunka — x_1(entity) is a quantity of copper

lo tunka — copper.

i xu le tunka cu narju — Is copper orange?

Related words: jinme, lastu, ransu

tunlo — x_1(entity) swallows

i ra pu tunlo — He made a swallowing movement.

Related words: citka, pinxe, galxe

tunta — x_1(entity) pokes, stabs, pricks x_2(entity)

i le mi'u dakfu cu tunta le tuple be mi — The knife is poking my leg.

Related words: balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna

tuple — x_1(entity) is a leg of x_2(entity)

lo tuple — leg.

i je'u ma'a se tuple vo da — We actually have four legs.

Related words: stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli

turni — x_1(entity) governs people or domain x_{2(entity set)}

lo turni — governor.

i ra turni le bu'u gugde — He governs this country.

Related words: catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro

tutci — x_1(entity) is a tool used for x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tutci — tool. lo se tutci — purpose of a tool.

i le vlaste cu plixau tutci le nu tadni le bangu — Dictionary is a useful tool for studying languages.

Comment: basic tool types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga, balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu.

Related words: cabra, minji, lo se pilno, zukte, sazri

tutra — x_1(entity) is territory controlled by x_2(entity)

lo tutra — territory.

i le tutra be le manti cu zenba — The territory controlled by ants is extending.

Comment: needs not be land.

Related words: catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla

ty [pronoun] — t (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ty is for the last lo tutra used.

u [conjunction for nouns] — whether or not

i coi le jbopre u le certu — Hello, Lojbanists (whether or not you are experts).

Related words: ju, a, e, ji, o, u

u bu [pronoun] — u (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like u bu is for the last lo uenzi used.

u'a [interjection] — gain, u'a nai — loss

i u'a sinxa le nu mi pu drani — Aha, that's a sign that I was right.

i u'a nai la rob pu zabna gerku — Snif, Rob was a good dog.

i u'a nai mi pu nu'o mo'u pinxe le stasu — I haven't eaten up soup.

Related words: jinga, cnemu, prali, cirko

u'e [interjection] — Ooh! (wonder), u'e nai — Pff! (commonplace)

i u'e le mi'u lalxu cu je'a melbi — Wow, the lake is really beautiful.

i u'e nai lalxu — So what? It's just a lake.

i u'e ti noi jbari so'i mei cu je'a kukte — Wow, these berries are indeed tasty.

Related words: marvele, fadni

u'i [interjection] — Ha-ha! (amusement), u'i nai — Blah (weariness)

i u'i pa mlatu cu troci le ka kavbu le rebla be vo'a — Ha-ha, a cat is trying to capture its tail.

i u'i nai mi pu tirna le xajmi lisri pe do — Boring, I heard your funny story.

Related words: se zdile, se xajmi, xalbo

u'o [interjection] — courage, boldness, u'o cu'i — timidity, shyness, u'o nai — cowardice

i u'o mi do ba jai gau snura — I'm coming to your rescue!

i u'o cu'i xu mi zifre le ka stali — Erm, may I stay here?

i u'o nai mi na klama le nenri — Oh no, I'm not going to enter.

Related words: virnu

u'u [interjection] — Sorry! (repentance)

i u'u mi pu srera — Sorry, I made a mistake.

Related words: xenru, zungi

ua [interjection] — Aha! Eureka! I get it! (discovery), ua nai — Duh! I don't get it! (confusion)

i ua nai ma smuni le se cusku be do — Huh, what's the meaning of your words?

i ua le mi'u penbi cu nenri le mi'u tanxe — Oh, the pen is inside the box.

Related words: facki, cfipu, sisku

ue [interjection] — Dear me! Yow! Hey?! Wow! (surprise), ue cu'i — not really surprised, ue nai — expectation

i ue do xa'o zvati ti — Hey, you are already here!

i ue cu'i do ca'o sipna — Well, no surprises, you are still sleeping.

i ue nai ro da cu prane — Everything is perfect, just as I expected.

Related words: spaji

uencu — x_1(entity) is a document containing, describing x_2(entity)

lo uencu — document. lo se uencu — content of a document.

i mi jinvi le du'u le vi uenci be le nu farvi fa le mi'u bangu cu mutce le ka vajni — I think that these documents containing the development of the language are very important.

Related words: uenzi, jaspu, xatra, pikta, karni, papri, pelji, vreji, cukta, ciska, tcidu

uenzi — x_1(text) is a text about x_2(entity)

lo uenzi — text. lo se uenzi — content of a text.

i ti uenzi le vajni fasnu — This is a text about important events.

Related words: cusku, traduki, bangu, tcidu, lerfu, ciska

ui [interjection] — Yay! Hooray! Yippie! Yahoo! Whee! (happiness), ui nai — Alas! (unhappiness)

i ui mi pu jai zu'e penmi le mi'u fetsi — Yay, I had a meeting with her.

i ui nai mi fliba — Alas, I failed.

Related words: gleki, fu'au

uo [interjection] — Voila! (completion), uo nai — incompleteness

i uo mi facki pa danfu — Voila, I found a solution!

i uo nai do tu na ru'e darxi — Oh, you almost hit it.

Related words: mulno, mansa, fanmo, snada

uu [interjection] — Oh dear! Poor thing! (pity, compassion), uu nai — Mwa ha ha! (cruelty)

i uu a'o do ba jinga ca le drata — Oh you poor thing, I hope you will win another time.

i uu nai do ba me le selfu be mi — Mwa ha ha, you will be my slave!

Comment: in English the word pity is often connected with the feeling of superiority which would be uu ga'i — pity combined with a sense of superiority, or uu vu'e — pity combined with a sense of virtue

.

Related words: kecti

va [preposition of group VA] — ... space units apart

i le mi'u prenu cu sanli va le mitre be li re ki mi — The man is standing two meters away from me.

i le va tanxe cu vasru le plise — That box contains apples.

Comment: specifies the distance, e.g. in meters .

va'e [verb] — turn number into verb denoting position on scale

i ro prenu cu su'o va'e le ka bebna — Every person is stupid to some degree.

Comment: x_1(entity) is at n-th position on scale x_{2(property of nonce place with kau)}. The number (n) is put in front of va'e.

va'i [interjection] — in other words

i mi ponse so'u jdini — I have little money.

i va'i mi pindi — In other words, I'm poor.

Related words: cusku, te smuni

va'o [preposition from vanbi] — provided that ..., on condition that ..., under conditions ..., in environment ...

i da'i mi ba zukte i va'o bo do stali — I would do it provided that you stay.

va'u [preposition from xamgu] — thanks to ..., due to ..., benefiting from ...

i mi co'a ricfu va'u le nu mi carmi gunka — I became rich thanks to my hard work.

vacmurse — x_1(entity) happens at the twilight of day x_2(clause) at location x_3(entity)

lo vacmurse — twilight.

i le fetsi pu mo'u klama le dinju pe mi ca le vacmurse be le prulamdei bei vo'e — Yesterday at twilight, she arrived at my house.

Related words: cerni, kandi, vanci

vacri — x_1(entity) is some air from place x_2(entity) ...

lo vacri — air.

i mi vasxu le noi culno le kijno jo'u le pluka panci vau vacri be le purdi — I breathe the air of the garden full of oxygen and pleasant scents.

Related words: gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi

vai [digit/number] — hex digit F (decimal 15), fifteen

i mi ba penmi do de'i li cy vai — I will meet you at 3pm.

vajni — x_1(entity) is important to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo vajni — important.

i na vajni mi — I don't care.

i le nu do di'i tavla fo la lojban cu vajni mi le ka se jalge le nu do certu tu'a la lojban — Regularly talking in Lojban is important to me in that it results in you becoming an expert in Lojban.

Related words: banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni

valsi — x_1(text) is a word meaning x_{2(property of nonce place)} in language x_3(entity)

lo valsi — word. lo se valsi — meaning of a word.

i zoi sy.parte.sy. valsi le ka pagbu vau le spano — "parte" means "part" in Spanish language.

Related words: slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni

vamji — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is what x_2(entity) is worth of to x_3(entity) for use x_{4(property of x2)}

lo vamji — value. lo se vamji — having value.

i ti noi cukta cu se vamji le barda mi le nu mi lanli ce'u — This book is worth a lot to me for studying.

i ti noi cukta cu se vamji le ka carmi zanru ce'u — This book is worth high praising.

Related words: jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji, vajni

vamtu — x_1(entity) vomits x_2(entity)

i le mi'u verba cu vamtu le pu se citka vo'a — The child vomited what he had eaten.

Related words: rigni, kafke, flu'ente, sputu

vanbi — x_1(entity) is part of environment x_2(entity)

lo vanbi — part of an environment. lo se vanbi — environment.

i le mi'u vanbi cu so'i mei — There are many factors.

i le se vanbi be le mi'u jufra cu sinxa le nu le cusku pu na junri — The context of this sentence is a sign that the author wasn't serious.

Related words: va'o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini

vanci — x_1(entity) happens in the evening of day x_2(clause) at location x_3(entity)

lo vanci — evening.

i vanci coi — Good evening!

i ca vanci — It's evening now.

i ai ca le vanci be le bavlamdei bei vo'e mi vitke le mamta be mi — I'm going to visit my mother tomorrow evening.

Related words: cerni, cermurse, vacmurse, tcika

vanjba — x_1(entity) is a grape of plant x_2(taxon)

lo vanjba — grape.

i tu vasru le plise e le vanjba e le tcilokoiotli e le drata grute — It contains apples, grapes, pumpkin and other fruits.

Related words: vanju, jbari, grute, tsiju, narge

vanju — x_1(entity) is some wine from grapes x_2(entity)

lo vanju — wine. lo se vanju — wine grape.

i ti vanju le xunre vanjba — This is wine from red grapes.

Related words: barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra

vasru — x_1(entity) is a container or vessel containing x_2(entity)

lo vasru — container, vessel. lo se vasru — contents of a vessel, contained.

i le mi'u tanxe pu vasru so'i cukta — The box was full of books.

Related words: bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka

vasxu — x_1(entity) breathes x_2(entity)

lo se vasxu — breathed.

i e'u mi'o vasxu le so'o vifne vacri — Let's breathe some fresh air.

Related words: fepri, kijno, vacri

vau [1st meaning] — in a clause with one main verb shows the end of that clause

i mi jinga vau ui — I won, yay!

vau [2nd meaning] — in a clause with several main verbs all the sumti after vau are applied to every main verb

i mi so'o roi masno cadzu gi'e so'o roi bajra vau to'o le ckule — Sometimes I walk slowly from the school, sometimes I run away from it.

ve [place converter] — switches 1st and 4th places of verb

i le mi'u ve pluta cu tordu — The route is short.

ve'a [preposition of group VEhA] — covering some space ...

i da lalxu ve'a le kramu be li re ki'o le ka mitre — There is a lake covering 2,000 square meters.

ve'e [preposition of group VEhA] — covering the whole space

i bu'u le mi'u kumfa ve'e dertu — It's dirty all over the room.

ve'i [preposition of group VEhA] — covering a small space ...

i le tapla poi farlu fi le mi'u drudi cu porpi le ve'i spisa — The tiles that fell from the roof broke into small pieces.

i le va ve'i cmana cu se gacri le srasu — That hill is covered with grass.

i da lalxu ve'i le kramu be li re bei le ka mitre — There is a puddle covering two square meters.

ve'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: vei

ve'u [preposition of group VEhA] — covering a large space ...

i lei mi'u verba pu zbasu pa ve'u snime — Children made a snowball.

i xu do pu'i jibni le ve'u xamsi — Have you ever been near the ocean?

vecnu — x_1(entity) sells goods or service x_{2(property of x3)} to x_3(entity) for goods or service x_{4(property of x1)}

lo vecnu — seller, vendor. lo se vecnu — sold. lo ve vecnu — price of something sold.

i mi pu te vecnu le plise le rupnu be li re — I bought apples for 2 dollars.

i mi pu te vecnu le ka se ctuca fi la lojban ze'a le cacra be li ci — I bought three hours of Lojban lessons.

i mi pu te vecnu le ka jorne le kibro — I bought an internet connection.

Related words: canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu

vedli — x_1(entity) remembers experience x_2(clause)

lo vedli — witness.

i mi vedli le ka kansa la alis bu'u ti — I remember being with Alice at this place.

Comment: morji describes memory of general knowledge (facts, concepts), vedli describes personal experience, autobiographical events, episodic memory.

Related words: morji, lifri

vei — vei ... ve'o — brackets for math expressions

i li vei ci su'i pa ve'o pi'i re du li bi — (3 + 1) x 2 = 8.

i li ci su'i pa pi'i re du li mu — 3 + 1 x 2 = 5.

venfu — x_1(entity) takes revenge against x_2(entity) for wrong x_{3(property of x2)} by doing x_{4(property of x1)}

lo te venfu — reason for revenge. lo ve venfu — vengeance (act).

i la kevin pu venfu la alis le ka kusru la kevin vau le ka cinba la alis re'o pa li'anpi — He took a revenge on Alice being rude to him by kissing her on the cheek.

Related words: sfasa, cnemu

vensa — x_1(entity) is spring of year x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo vensa — springtime.

i ca le vensa be le re no no mu moi bei la australiias mi pu na zvati le zdani be mi gugde — During Australian winter of year 2005 I wasn't in my home country.

Related words: citsi, crisa, critu, dunra

verba — x_1(entity) is a child aged x_2(clause) immature in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo verba — child.

i ti noi mlatu cu verba le masti be li ci le ka ca'o pinxe le ladru pe le mamta — This cat of three months old is still a kitten since he still drinks mother's milk.

Related words: cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa

vi [preposition of group VA] — ... space units apart, adverb: near

i le mi'u prenu cu sanli vi le mitre be li re ki mi — The man is standing near, only two meters away from me.

i le vi plise cu titla — This apple is sweet.

Comment: ne'a mi means near me. vi specifies the distance, e.g. in meters .

vi'a [preposition of group VIhA] — throughout an area (in 2-dimensional space)

i mi pu litru vi'a le mi'u gugde — I travelled across the country.

i mi pu klama vi'a le mi'u tcadu — I moved around the city.

vi'e [preposition of group VIhA] — throughout a space-time (in 4-dimensional interval)

i xu do pensi le vi'e pixra — Are you thinking of the whole picture?

i le prenu vi'e cenba — People change in time and space.

vi'i [preposition of group VIhA] — along a line (in 1-dimensional space)

i ai mi cadzu vi'i le mi'u klaji — I'm going to walk along the street.

Comment: curved lines can also be specified with vi'i.

Related words: sirji

vi'o [vocative] — will do that, wilco (expresses compliance)

i lu ko lumci le mi'u kumfa li'u lu vi'o do li'u — "Clean the room." "Will do."

vi'u [preposition of group VIhA] — throughout a space (in 3-dimensional space)

i le fagri pu preja vi'u le mi'u zdani — The fire spread across the building in all directions.

vibna — x_1(entity) is a vagina of x_2(entity)

lo vibna — vagina.

i xu ti pixra le vibna be pa bakni — Is this a picture of a cow's vagina?

Related words: seksi, gletu, nakpinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla

vidni — x_1(entity) is a screen, video monitor for function x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vidni — screen, video monitor. lo se vidni — function of a screen.

i ti vidni le ka jai gau zgana le se klani be le livla — This is the screen for showing the amount of fuel.

Related words: skina, ve tivni

vidru — x_1(entity) as a virus of species x_2(taxon) capable of infecting x_3(entity)

lo vidru — virus.

i ti vidru la rotavirus le remna — This is Rotavirus that infects humans.

Related words: jurme

vifne — x_1(entity) is fresh or unspoiled

lo vifne — fresh, unspoiled.

i xu le mi'u finpe cu vifne — Is the fish fresh?

Related words: fusra

vikmi — x_1(entity) excretes waste x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) via x_4(entity)

lo se vikmi — excreted waste, excrement.

i le mi'u verba cu vikmi le pinca le xadni le nakpinji — The child excretes the urine from the body via the penis.

Related words: cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne

viknu — x_1(entity) is viscous, of thick consistency ...

lo viknu — viscous, thick (viscous).

i le mi'u jisra cu viknu — The juice is thick.

Related words: denmi, snipa

vimcu — x_1(entity) removes or subtracts x_{2(property of x3)} from x_3(entity) leaving x_4(entity)

lo se vimcu — removed. lo ve vimcu — remainder after removal.

i no ladru cu ve vimcu — No milk left.

i mi pu vimcu le jbari le mi'u torta le matne — I removed berries from the cake leaving the butter.

Related words: lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika

vindu — x_1(entity) is poisonous or toxic to x_2(entity)

lo vindu — toxic, poisonous.

i le cakla cu vindu le gerku — Chocolate is a poison to dogs.

Related words: cidja, since

vinji — x_1(entity) is an aircraft for carrying x_2(entity) ...

lo vinji — airplane, aircraft. lo se vinji — cargo of an aircraft, passenger of an aircraft.

i mi pu ca'o vofli bu'u pa vinji be le prenu — I was flying in a passenger's airplane.

Related words: vofli, sabnu

vipsi — x_1(entity) is a vice in x_{2(property of x1)} to principal x_3(entity)

lo vipsi — subordinate, vice-president, vice-.

i la kevin cu vipsi fi mi fe le ka platu — Kevin is my vice in planning.

Related words: krati, sidju

virnu — x_1(entity) is brave in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo virnu — brave. lo se virnu — done bravely.

i do pu virnu le ka klama le nenri be le jelca dinju — It was brave of you to enter the burning house.

Related words: terpa, darsi

viska — x_1(entity) sees x_2(entity) ...

lo se viska — seen.

i pa plise zo'u mi viska le se skari be ri i le mi'u plise cu skari le xunre — There is an apple. I see a color of it. The apple is colored red.

i mi viska le tarmi be pa najnimre i ri se tarmi le cukla — I see the form of an orange. The orange is round.

i mi pu viska le nu le mi'u fetsi cu limna — I saw her swim.

Related words: catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse

vitci — x_1(entity) is intermittent in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vitci — irregular, intermittent.

i le mi'u bombila cu vitci le ka te gusni i ja'o le mi'u bombila cu spofu — The light bulb gives an intermittent light. It must be broken.

Related words: ranji, rufsu, suksa

vitke — x_1(entity) is a guest of x_2(entity) at x₃

lo vitke — guest.

i mi vitke le mensi be mi bu'u la moskov — I visited my sister in Moscow.

i ko vitke mi le zdani be mi — Be my guest at my home!

i mi pu'o cpedu le ka vitke mi le zdani be mi vau so'o pendo — I am about to invite a few friends to my home.

Comment: x₃ marks not necessarily where the visit actually takes place but to where the guest was invited.

Related words: friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati

vitno — x_1(entity) is permanent in property x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo vitno — permanent.

i ti noi senta le dertu cu vitno le ka bisli — This layer of soil is permanently frozen.

Related words: stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali

vlagi — x_1(entity) is a vulva of x_2(entity)

lo vlagi — vulva.

i le vlagi be ti noi bakni cu jai se bilma — The vulva of this cow has symptoms of a disease.

Related words: seksi, gletu, nakpinji, plibu, vibna, mabla

vlaste — x_1(text) is a dictionary with words x_2(entity)

lo vlaste — dictionary.

i le se cukta be ti cu vlaste le lojbo — This book is a Lojban dictionary.

Related words: valsi, liste, slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni

vlile — x_{1(event, state, action)} is violent; x₁ is an act of violence

lo vlile — violence.

i le brife pu vlile — It was a storm.

Related words: suksa, jursa

vlipa — x_1(entity) has the power to bring about x_2(clause) ...

lo vlipa — powerful. lo se vlipa — power, might.

i ma vlipa le nu co'a carvi — Who is powerful enough to cause rain?

Comment: kakne is able to do something or to be someone, vlipa is to be powerful enough to bring about events in other entities

Related words: kakne, tsali, jitro, ruble

vo [digit/number] — 4, four

i vo manti ca plipe le mi'u tricu — There are 4 ants climbing the tree.

vo'a [pronoun] — refers to the 1st noun of the main clause of the current sentence

i la kevin cu zvati le zdani be vo'a — Kevin is at home.

i la alis cu se pluka le ka tavla vo'a — Alice likes to talk about herself.

vo'e [pronoun] — refers to the 2nd noun of the main clause of the current sentence

i mi tavla do ba'e vo'e — I'm talking to you about YOU!

vo'i [pronoun] — refers to the 3rd noun of the main clause of the current sentence

i xu do pu cusku fi mi fe zo'e pe vo'i — Did you say to me something about me?

vo'o [pronoun] — refers to the 4th noun of the main clause of the current sentence

i mi tavla fo la lojban fi vo'o — I'm talking in Lojban about Lojban.

vo'u [pronoun] — refers to the 5th noun of the main clause of the current sentence

i mi pu klama fu le karce fe le patfu be mi be'o noi ta'o pu dunda vo'u mi — I went by car to my father who, by the way, had granted me it.

vofli — x_1(entity) flies using means x_2(entity)

i le toldi cu vofli le nalci — Butterflies fly using wings.

Related words: cipni, klama, vinji

voi — turn clause into relative clause: what I describe as being or doing ...

i le ca vanci cu pluka i le tai ditcu voi vanci na cafne — This evening is pleasant. Such time that is this evening doesn't happen often.

Comment: lo gerku voi blabi is There are dogs whom I describe as being white..

voksa — x_1(sound) is the voice of x_2(entity)

lo voksa — voice.

i le voksa be le mi'u ninmu cu to'e cladu — The woman's voice is quiet.

Related words: sance, tirna, bacru

volta — x_1(entity) returns to x_{2(entity, property of x1)} from x_{3(entity, property of x1)}

i mi volta le ka finti le pemci vau le ka finti le prosa — I return to writing poems after writing prose.

i mi volta la kaliforniias la nipon — I returned to California from Japan.

i ko jai gau volta fai le mi'u jdini — Return the money.

Related words: trixe, krefu, benji, rapli

vorme — x_1(entity) is a doorway between x_{2(entity group)} ...

lo vorme — doorway.

i ti du le vorme poi ve klama le mi'u zarci — This is the doorway to the store.

i tu noi kevna cu vorme le re kumfa — That hole is a doorway between the two rooms.

Related words: canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe

vraga — x_1(entity) is a lever for doing x_2(action) with fulcrum x_3(entity) and arm x_4(entity)

lo vraga — lever. lo se vraga — purpose of a lever. lo te vraga — fulcrum of a lever. lo ve vraga — arm of a lever.

i ti noi jinci cu vraga le ka se pi'o ce'u katna le pelji vau le midju le re mei — These scissors is a lever for cutting paper with the fulcrum in the middle and two arms.

Related words: tutci, pulni

vreji — x_1(entity) is a record of x_2(entity) about x_3(entity) in medium x_4(entity)

lo vreji — record (file), file (record). lo se vreji — recorded information. lo te vreji — information storage medium, data carrier.

i ti vreji le pu se cusku be mi le skami le pelji — This is a paper record of what I said in past about computers.

Related words: sorcu, datni, papri

vreta — x_1(entity) lies, reclines on x_2(entity)

i do pu vreta le ckana ji le sfofa — Were you lying on the bed or on the sofa?

Related words: cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni

vrici — x_1(entity) is miscellaneous in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vrici — miscellaneous, assorted.

i le za'u vi mlatu cu vrici le ka skari ma kau — These cats vary in color.

Related words: vrici, klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra

vrude — x_1(entity) is virtuous in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vrude — virtuous.

i ra vrude le ka sidju le prenu — He is virtuous in helping people.

i la kevin na ji'e vrude — Kevin isn't moral to such degree.

Related words: palci, xamgu, marde, zabna

vrusi — x_1(entity) is a taste or flavor of x_2(entity)

lo vrusi — taste, flavor. lo se vrusi — having a taste.

i le vrusi be le mi'u finpe cu carmi — The fish has a strong flavour.

Comment: vrusi can describe a combination of taste and smell.

Related words: kukte, tsapi, cpina, panci

vu [preposition of group VA] — ... space units apart, adverb: far away

i le mi'u prenu ca zvati vu ci trene tcana ki mi — The man is now far away, three train stations from me.

Comment: specifies the distance, e.g. in meters .

vu'e [interjection] — expressing virtue, vu'e nai — expressing sin

i ie vu'e sarcu fa le nu le mi'u tcadu cu se daspo — It's my virtue, I agree that the city should be destroyed.

i mi djica vu'e nai le nu do na cliva — My sin, I don't want you to leave.

i ui vu'e nai mi pu citka pa titla poi mi pu zekri lebna — Yay, I ate a candy that I had stolen.

Related words: vrude, zungi

vu'o [terminator] — ends place consisting of several nouns so that a relative clause or an interjection can be put after it making it apply to the whole place

i zo oi e zo ua vu'o poi do pu cusku cu srana xu le jibri be do — Are "Ouch" and "Eureka" that you said related to your job?

vu'u — minus, subtraction operator (symbol — in math)

i li pa pa vu'u bi du li ci — 11 - 8 = 3.

vy [pronoun] — v (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like vy is for the last lo vacri used.

vy bu [pronoun] — w (letter)

xa [digit/number] — 6, six

i xa cipni ca vofli — There are 6 birds flying.

xa'o [preposition of aspect] — already, describes what started before the given point and still taking place

i mi pu xa'o citka pa torta — I ate a cake too early.

i ue do ti xa'o zvati — Wow, you are already here.

xabju — x_1(entity) dwells or lives in x_2(entity)

lo xabju — inhabitant. lo se xabju — home.

i do xabju ma noi gugde — What country do you live in?

i do xabju ma noi tcadu — What city do you live in?

Comment: a synonym to se zdani.

Related words: ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke

xadba — x_1(entity) is half of x_{2(same type as x1)} ...

lo xadba — 1/2, half.

i mi pu katna le mi'u plise le re xadba — I cut the apple in half.

i le pa xadba be le mi'u plise cu fusra — Half of the apple is rotten.

Related words: mulno, pagbu

xadni — x_1(entity) is a body or corpse of x_2(entity)

lo xadni — body (corpse).

i le xadni be le mi'u ninmu cu clani — The woman's body is long.

Related words: menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne

xagji — x_1(entity) is hungry for x_2(entity)

lo xagji — hungry.

i mi xagji le rectu — I am hungry for meat.

Related words: cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske

xagri — x_1(entity) is a pipe, reed musical instrument ...

lo xagri — reed instrument, pipe, oboe, saxophone, clarinet. lo se xagri — reed (of a musical instrument).

i le mi'u nixli pu zgipli le xagri — The girl was playing the pipe.

Related words: zgike

xajmi — x_{1(entity, text)} is funny to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo xajmi — funny.

i le mi'u verba gerku cu xajmi mi le ka plipe tai ma kau — The puppet seems funny to me in how it jumps.

Related words: bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile

xaksu — x_1(entity) consumes or uses up x_2(entity)

lo xaksu — consumer. lo se xaksu — consumed.

i le mi'u karce cu xaksu le so'i livla — The car consumes a lot of fuel.

Related words: citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe

xalbo — x_1(entity) is frivolous about x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xalbo — frivolous, non-serious.

i mi pu xalbo le ka stidi le nu ra gidva mi'o — I wasn't serious in suggesting that he guides us.

Related words: junri, linto

xalka — x_1(entity) is a quantity of alcohol of components x_2(entity) ...

lo xalka — alcohol.

i ti xalka le se zbasu be fi le vanjba — This is alcohol made of grapes.

Related words: birje, jikru, vanju

xalni — x_1(entity) panics about x_{2(event, state)}

lo xalni — alarmist, panic-monger. lo se xalni — panic situation.

i le mi'u fetsi pu xalni le ka da'i nai pu se cinba pa fange nanmu — She panicked when she was kissed by an unfamiliar man.

Related words: ckape, snura, terpa, xanka

xamgu — x_1(entity) is beneficial to x_2(entity) ...

lo xamgu — good (beneficial).

i ba zi ku mi se xamgu — Soon I'll be okay.

i le plise cu xamgu le nu kanro i ji'a je le plise cu kukte — Apples are good for your health. And, in addition, they taste great.

Related words: melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna

xampo — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) amperes ...

i ti noi minji cu xampo li re — This machine has a current of 2 amperes.

Related words: letri, flu'ente, centi

xamsi — x_1(entity) is a sea or ocean at place x_2(entity) ...

lo xamsi — sea.

i ti xamsi le berti — This is a northern sea.

Related words: daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru

xance — x_1(entity) is a hand of x_2(entity)

lo xance — hand.

i le xance be do cu jai pluka fai le ka se palpi — Your hands are pleasant to the touch.

Related words: birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji

xanka — x_1(entity) worries about x_2(clause) ...

lo xanka — nervous, anxious. lo se xanka — nervous situation.

i mi xanka le nu do se la'u li xo kau kanro — I am concerned for your health.

Related words: xalni, terpa, raktu

xanri — x_1(clause) is imaginary to x_2(entity)

lo xanri — imaginary event.

i mi na kakne le ka se xanri le nu mi sazri le trene — I can't imagine myself driving a train.

Related words: fatci, senva, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo

xanto — x_1(entity) is an elephant of species x_2(taxon)

lo xanto — elephant.

i le xanto cu se nazbi le clani — Elephants have long noses.

Related words: mabru, barda

xarci — x_{1(entity, property of x3)} is a weapon for use against x_2(entity) used by x_3(entity)

lo xarci — weapon.

i le ka dunda le titla cu xarci le verba le makcu — Giving sugar sweets is a weapon against children used by grown-ups.

Related words: jenmi, sonci, catra

xarju — x_1(entity) is a pig of species x_2(taxon)

lo xarju — pig.

i xu le xarju cu simsa le remna — Are pigs similar to humans?

Related words: mabru, cange

xarnu — x_1(entity) stubbornly opposes x_{2(entity, state, force)} in bringing about x_{3(event, state)} ; x₁ is obstinate

lo xarnu — obstinate.

i le mi'u nakni cu xarnu le mamta be vo'a le ka na volta le zdani — He was obstinate in front of his mother in not returning home.

i le mi'u fetsi ca xarnu fi le ka jinvi ma kau — She is obstinate in her opinion.

Related words: tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro

xasli — x_1(entity) is a donkey of species x_2(taxon)

lo xasli — donkey.

i le xasli ne se mau le xirma cu tsali — Donkeys are stronger than horses.

Related words: xirma, kumte

xasne — x_1(entity) is sweat from x_{2(entity) (entity)} ...

lo xasne — sweat. lo te xasne — sweat gland.

i le xasne be ra cu se cigla ti — His sweat is secreted by these glands.

Related words: pinca, vikmi, cigla

xatra — x_1(entity) is a letter to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) with content x_4(text)

lo xatra — letter (message). lo se xatra — recipient of letter. lo te xatra — sender of a letter. lo ve xatra — contents of a letter.

i ti xatra la alis mi le se du'u mi prami la alis — This is a letter to Alice from me where I as saying I loved her.

Comment: lo notci is any message. xatra emphasizes the communication between author and recipient, the content of the letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject'.

Related words: notci, ciska, mrilu, papri

xatsi — x_1(entity) is 10^-18 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le mi'u vidru cu xatsi le grake le ka tilju — Weight of the virus is 1 attogram.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

xazdo — x_1(entity) is Asian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xazdo — Asiatic.

i le mi'u tcaci cu steci le xazdo gugde — The custom is specific to Asian countries.

Related words: friko, jungo, rusko, ropno

xe [place converter] — switches 1st and 5th places of verb

i mi xebni le kibro xe mrilu — I hate internet mail system.

xebni — x_1(entity) hates or despises x_2(clause)

i mi xebni le ka zgana le nu do se tasmi le simsa — I hate seeing you like this.

Related words: djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci

xecto — x_1(entity) is a hundred of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo xecto — 100, hundred.

i le mi'u rirxe cu xecto le mitre le ka condi — The river is 100 meters deep.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units, le xecto be le mlatu is the 100 cats.

Related words: centi

xedja — x_1(entity) is a jaw of x_2(entity)

lo xedja — jaw.

i mi pu carmi cmila i ja'e bo mi na ru'e jai se torni le xedja — I was laughing so hard that I nearly dislocated my jaw.

Related words: stedu

xei [digit/number] — hex digit E (decimal 14), fourteen

i mi ba cliva de'i li cy xei — I will leave at 2pm.

xekri — x_1(entity) is black

lo xekri — black.

i nandu fa le nu zvafa'i le xekri mlatu bu'u le manku kumfa — It's hard to find a black cat in a dark room.

Related words: blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu

xendo — x_1(entity) is kind to x_2(entity) in doing x_{3(action of x1)}

lo xendo — kind (generous), warm-hearted. lo te xendo — act of kindness.

i ra pu xendo mi le ka dunda pa sanmi mi — He was kind to me in providing me with a meal.

Related words: cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru

xenru — x_1(entity) regrets x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo se xenru — regretted.

i do ba xenru le ka lazni — You will regret your laziness.

Related words: u'u, zungi

xexso — x_1(entity) is 10¹⁸ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le xexso be le snidu bei le ka ditcu cu gigdo le nanca be li ji'i ci re bei le ka ditcu — 1 exasecond is approximately 32 billion years.

Comment: by default, x₃ specifies the number of units.

Related words: centi

xi [subscript] — subscript prefix, attaches a numeral to a pronoun, preposition, place converter or a verb word giving new meanings

i mi se xi ba'e pa prami la kevin — I love (love!) Kevin (not that he loves me).

i mi do se xi vei pa e re prami — I love you, and you love me.

i fa xi xo'e mi fa xi xo'e do viska — You, I see (maybe you see me, maybe I see you, context will tell).

Comment: se xi re is the same as se, se xi ci is the same as te. se xi pa just emphasizes the normal order of places as if there wasn't se xi pa put here.

xindo — x_1(entity) is Hindi in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xindo — belonging to Hindi.

i le mi'u uenzi cu xindo — The text is in Hindi.

xinmo — x_1(entity) is some ink of color x_2(entity) used by writing device x_3(entity)

lo xinmo — ink. lo se xinmo — color of ink. lo te xinmo — ink pen.

i le penbi pe mi co'u te xinmo fi da — My pen has run out of ink.

i ti xinmo le blanu — This is blue ink.

Related words: penbi

xirma — x_1(entity) is a horse of species x_2(taxon)

lo xirma — horse.

i le mi'u grusi xirma pu'i sutra — The gray horse is fast.

Related words: sufti, xasli, kumte

xislu — x_1(entity) is a wheel of vehicle x_2(entity) ...

lo xislu — wheel. lo se xislu — wheeled.

i xu do mo'u cikre le mi'u xislu — Have you fixed the wheel?

Related words: carce, karce, pulni, tutci

xlali — x_1(entity) is detrimental to x_2(entity) ...

lo xlali — bad.

i le nu le speni be mi cu bilma cu xlali da'i mi — An illness of my spouse would be bad for me.

Related words: palci, mabla, xamgu, betri

xlura — x_1(entity) lures or influences x_2(entity) into x_{3(event of x2, action of x2, state of x2)} ...

i do pu xlura sa'u mi le ka te vecnu ti noi dinju vau ta'i le ka jai gau cenba fai le jdima — You just lured me into buying this house by changing the price.

Comment: achieved state x₃ can be specified with mo'u.

Related words: djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, magneti

xo [digit/number] — asks for the digit or number (that should go into the place to which xo is put)

i xo prenu ba zvati le mi'u nu penmi — How many people will be present at the meeting?

i lu do nanca li xo li'u lu pa ci li'u — "How old are you?" "Thirteen."

xo'e [digit/number] — a number unspecified or known from context

i re xo'e prenu pu zvati le mi'u kumfa — 20 - 29 people were present in the room.

Related words: tu'o, xo, zo'e, co'e, do'e

xo'o [interjection modifier] — verbal irony, xo'o nai — I mean it! (sincerely)

i je'u xo'o do ne se mau djuno — Yes, of course, you know better (sarcastically)!

i xo'o nai sai do pu se la'u li rau gunka — With full sincerity, I can tell you that you worked enough.

Comment: For xo'o the intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used, in xo'o nai it explicitely marks the intended meaning as matching the words. Sarcasm isn't necessarily implied.

xotli — x_1(entity) is a hotel or inn ...

lo xotli — hotel.

i la uestern poi xotli cu zvati ma — Where is "Western" hotel?

Related words: barja, gusta

xrabo — x_1(entity) is Arabic in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xrabo — Arabic.

i le pendo be mi cu xrabo — My friend is Arabic.

xrani — x_1(entity) injures x_2(entity) ...

i le mi'u nanla pu xrani le cidni be vo'a ja'e le nu ri cortu — The boy injured his knee so that it hurt.

i le jalge be le mi'u nu xrani cu ckape — The injury is dangerous.

Related words: cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi

xriso — x_1(entity) is Christian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xriso — Christian.

i le mi'u nanmu pu klama pa malsi be le xriso — The woman went to a Christian temple.

Related words: jegvo, lijda

xruba — x_1(entity) is some buckwheat of species x_2(taxon)

lo xruba — buckwheat.

i bu'u la nipon le prenu cu citka le xruba nudle — In Japan people like eating buckwheat noodles.

Related words: spati

xruki — x_1(entity) is a turkey of species x_2(taxon)

lo xruki — turkey.

i xu do pu su'o roi citka le xruki — Have you ever eaten turkey?

Related words: cipni

xrula — x_1(entity) is a flower of plant or species x_2(taxon)

lo xrula — flower.

i le se xrula poi do viska cu rozgu — This flower is a rose.

i ti noi xrula cu rozgu — This flower is a rose.

Related words: spati

xu [interjection] — true-false question, xu nai — false-true question

i xu do pu djuno — Did you know?

i xu nai do pu djuno — Didn't you know?

xukmi — x_1(entity) is the chemical x_2(entity) with purity x_{3(property of x1)}

lo xukmi — chemical.

i ti noi djine cu xukmi le solji li pi mu bi mu — This ring is 58.5% pure gold (58.5 out of 100 parts is pure gold).

Related words: curve, cidro, marna, nimre

xunre — x_1(entity) is red

lo xunre — red.

i ko dunda le mi'u xunre cukta mi — Give me the red book.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu

xusra — x_1(entity) claims, asserts that x_{2(proposition)} is true

lo xusra — claimant. lo se xusra — claim.

i le djuno be le zmadu cu xusra le se zmadu — Who knows more claims less.

i xu do xusra le mi'u du'u le mi'u terdi cu carna le mi'u solri — Are you asserting that the Earth goes round the Sun?

Related words: natfe, nupre

xutla — x_1(entity) is smooth

lo xutla — smooth.

i le mi'u djacu cu simlu le ka xutla tai le ka blaci — The water looks smooth as glass.

Related words: plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali

xy [pronoun] — x (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like xy is for the last lo xendo used.

y — Err, hesitation noise

i mi te vecnu le vi plise e y le vu perli — I'm buying these apples and, umm, the pears over there.

Comment: maintains the floor while speaker decides what to say next.

y bu [pronoun] — y (letter)

Comment: prefixed with me'o is a quotation of the letter. When used alone refers to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like y bu is for the last la yrl used.

y'y [pronoun] — ' (apostrophe; letter)

za [preposition of group ZI] — (time units) ... ago or in ... (time units), adverb: some time ago (unspecified or known from context) or in some time

i mi ba volta za le djedi be li ci — I will return in three days.

i mi pu volta za le nanca be li mu — I returned 5 years ago.

Comment: often used after pu or ba.

Related words: zi, za, zu

za'a [interjection] — I observe

i oi nai za'a melbi tcima — Oh, what a nice weather.

i za'a le mi'u aftobuso cu jai lerci — Apparently, the bus is late.

i za'a cladu bu'u le bartu — I can hear the loud sound outside.

i ja'o carmi carvi — So it must be raining heavily.

Comment: za'a is for expressing external experience, se'o is for expressing internal experience.

Related words: zgana, lanli

za'e [left interjection] — marks the following construct as nonce (made up for this specific context) or as used not in its usual meaning

i mi pu za'e derpi i va'i mi pu smusku le jai se bebna — I "derped". In other words, I said something stupid.

Related words: ba'e, za'e

za'o [preposition of aspect] — still lasting after the given point

i mi pu za'o citka le titla ba le nu mi mo'u citka le sanmi pe mi — I kept eating candies after my meal was over.

za'u [digit/number] — greater than ... (number follows); by default denotes plural number

i le mi'u za'u verba ca'o citka le mi'u kumfa — The children are eating in the room.

i za'u prenu pu'o klama — More people are about to come.

i xu do djica za'u djacu — Do you want more water?

za'u re'u [preposition] — adverb: again

i e'o do za'u re'u cusku — Could you repeat that?

zabna — x_1(entity) is superb, admirable in x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo zabna — superb, admirable.

i le mi'u jisra cu zabna le ka se tasta — The juice is superb in taste.

i ra zabna le ka se sance — Her voice is cool.

Related words: mabla, xamgu, funca, vrude, banli

zajba — x_1(entity) is a gymnast performing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo zajba — gymnast. lo se zajba — gymnastic feat.

i ra zajba le ka se rilti muvdu — He is a rhythmic gymnast.

Related words: sluji, dansu

zalvi — x_1(entity) grinds x_2(entity) into powder x_3(entity)

lo te zalvi — powder produced by grinding.

i mi'a zalvi le maxri le purmo — We grind wheat into flour.

Related words: daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, molki

zanru — x_1(entity) approves of x_2(event)

i mi zanru le mi'u se platu be do — I approve of your plan.

Related words: natfe

zarci — x_1(entity) is a market selling x_2(entity) ...

lo zarci — market (trading site).

i le mi'u zarci be le rectu de'i li cy vo co'u akti — The butchery closes at 4 o'clock.

Related words: vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa

zargu — x_1(entity) is a buttock of x_2(entity)

lo zargu — buttocks.

i le mi'u ninmu mo'u batci le zargu be le mi'u nanmu se pi'o le xance — She pinched his buttocks with a hand.

Related words: ganxo, mabla

zasni — x_1(entity) is temporary in property x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo zasni — temporary.

i ti noi dinju ba zasni le ka mi xabju — I will temporarily live in this building.

Related words: vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke

zasti — x_1(entity) exists or is real to x_2(entity) under metaphysics x_{3(proposition)}

lo zasti — existing.

i do zasti mi le se senva be mi — You are real for me in my dreams.

Related words: fatci, xanri

zbabu — x_1(entity) is some soap_(entity) ...

lo zbabu — soap.

i ti noi zbabu cu se zbasu fi le jilka jo'u le grasu jo'u le djacu — This soap is made of alkali, fat and water.

Related words: lumci, fonmo

zbani — x_1(entity) is a bay of coast x_2(entity)

lo zbani — bay. lo se zbani — coast, shore.

i ti zbani le tumla pe la nipon — This is a coast of the Japanese land.

Related words: lalxu, xamsi

zbasu — x_1(entity) makes or assembles x_2(entity) from parts x_3(entity)

lo zbasu — assembler.

i zbasu le cirla le ladru — Cheese is made from milk.

i xu do mo'u zbasu le mi'u dinju — Have you finished building the house?

Related words: cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi

zbepi — x_1(entity) is a pedestal, stand supporting x_2(entity) ...

lo zbepi — pedestal, stand.

i ti zbepi le tansi — This is a stand for the pan.

Related words: jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli

zdani — x_1(entity) is a home of x_2(entity) ; x₂ inhabits x₁

lo zdani — home. lo se zdani — inhabitant.

i le zdani be mi cu zdani be do — My home is your home.

Related words: dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju

zdile — x_1(clause) is amusing to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo zdile — amusing. lo se zdile — amused.

i le mi'u verba mlatu cu zdile mi le ka tai ma kau plipe — The kitten is amusing in how it jumps.

Comment: lo xajmi is funny.

Related words: cinri, panka, kelci

ze [digit/number] — 7, seven

i li cy ze tcika ti — It's 7 o'clock.

ze'a [preposition of group ZEhA] — during ... , adverb: for some time (unspecified or known from context)

i mi pu ze'a sipna — I slept for a while.

Related words: ze'i, ze'a, ze'u, ze'e

ze'e [preposition of group ZEhA] — eternally

i mi ba ze'e prami do — I will always love you.

i mi ze'e prami do — I loved, love and will love you.

Related words: ze'i, ze'a, ze'u, ze'e

ze'ei — being put before two words creates a word with the meaning of the word to the left and the grammar of the word to the right

i panpi ze'ei coi — Peace to you! (as a greeting).

Comment: binds two arbitrary words together to form a nonce word whose semantics are indicated by the left word and whose grammar is the same as that of the right word. Useful for creating function words without having to allocate experimental cmavo forms.

Related words: zei

ze'i [preposition of group ZEhA] — during ... (a short time), adverb: for a short time

i ai mi ze'i sipna — I'm going to take a nap (to sleep for a short time).

Related words: ze'i, ze'a, ze'u, ze'e

ze'o [preposition of place] — across, outwards, beyond ...

i da tricu ze'o le mi'u rirxe — There is a tree across the river.

ze'u [preposition of group ZEhA] — during ... (a long time), adverb: for a long time

i mi pu ba le ka citka ze'u sipna — I took a long nap after eating.

Related words: ze'i, ze'a, ze'u, ze'e

zei — makes one single word out of two

i lei certu pu pilno le xy zei kantu — Experts used X-rays.

Related words: ze'ei

zekri — x_{1(event of nonce place, state of nonce place)} is a crime to x_2(entity)

lo zekri — crime.

i xu le ka catra le mabru cu zekri do — Is killing mammals a crime to you?

Related words: flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe

zenba — x_1(entity) increases in x_{2(property of x1)} by amount x_3(entity)

lo zenba — increasing.

i mi zenba le ka se cfipu vau so'i da — My confusion increased a lot.

i e'o do zenba le ka masno le ka tavla i e'o do zenba masno tavla — Would you please speak more slowly?

Related words: jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina

zepti — x_1(entity) is 10^-21 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le xa no re selci be le marji cu zepti le molro le ka se canlu — One zeptomole (zmol) of substance contains 602 particles.

Related words: centi

zetro — x_1(entity) is 10²¹ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

i le djacu po le xamsi be le mi'u terdi cu zetro le litce be li ji'i pa pi vo le ka se canlu — The volume of seawater in the Earth's oceans is approximately 1.4 zettalitres (ZL).

Related words: centi

zgana — x_1(entity) observes x_2(entity) using sense x_{3(property of x1)} ...

lo zgana — observer, spectator.

i mi zgana ko — Show yourself.

i mi zgana le zgike e le skina — I'm listening to the music and watching a movie.

i mi zgana le mi'u tcini le ka tirna — I'm monitoring the situation by listening.

i le mi'u ctuca pu jai se zgana fai le ka zvati pa barja — The teacher was spotted in a bar.

Related words: ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu

zgike — x_1(sound) is music performed by x_2(entity)

lo zgike — music.

i le zgike be le mi'u za'u cipni na cladu — The music of the birds isn't loud.

Related words: damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu

zgipli — x_1(entity) plays on a musical instrument x_2(entity) music x_3(entity)

lo zgipli — musician. lo se zgipli — musical instrument.

i do certu le ka zgipli le flani le melbi — You are a pro in playing beautiful melodies on the flute.

Related words: zgike, pilno

zi [preposition of group ZI] — recently or soon

i mi ba volta ba zi le cacra be li pa — I will return soon, in an hour.

i gau mi do ba djuno ba zi le nu mi mo'u klama — I will inform you as soon as I arrive.

Comment: often used after pu or ba.

Related words: zi, za, zu

zi'e [connective for relative clauses] — and

i le mi'u prenu poi pu tavla do zi'e noi blondine cu bruna mi vau ue pei — The man that talked to you and who is blond is my brother, surprised?

Related words: je, e, gi'e

zi'evla — x_1(text) is a zi'evla

lo zi'evla — zi'evla.

i zo zigzagi zi'evla — zigzagi is a zi'evla word.

Comment: zi'evla is a type of Lojban verb defined by the form of the word.

Related words: selbrivla, gismu, lujvo, cmavo

zi'o [pronoun] — marks the place as deleted from the place structure, not applicable thus forming a new verb

i zi'o traduki zo coi zoi gy.hello!.gy. — coi is translated as "Hello!"

i le jmive cu se zbasu zi'o le selci — Living beings are made from cells.

Comment: a place marked with zi'o becomes irrelevant.

zifre — x_1(entity) is at liberty or free to do or be x_{2(event of x1, state of x1)} ...

lo zifre — free to ... (at liberty).

i mi zifre le ka zukte le se nelci be mi — I am free to do what I like.

Related words: pinfu, rinju, bilga, e'ande, kakne, frili

zigzagi — x_1(entity) is a line with the shape of a zigzag

lo zigzagi — zigzag.

i le mi'u pluta be le mi'u cmana pu zigzagi — The route to the mountain zigzagged.

Related words: boxna, linji

zildukse — x_1(entity) is in excess, is too much for x_{2(property of x1)} to take place

lo zildukse — excess.

i le mi'u nu mi tatpi cu zildukse le nu mi sidju do — I'm too tired to help you.

Related words: bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu

zinki — x_1(entity) is a quantity of zinc

lo zinki — zinc.

i le mi'u cidja cu vasru le zinki — The food contains zinc.

Related words: jinme

zirpu — x_1(entity) is purple

lo zirpu — purple, violet.

i le mi'u taxfu cu zirpu — The dress is purple.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xunre

zivle — x_1(entity) invests resources x_2(entity) into x_{3(entity, property of x1)} expecting profit x_4(entity)

lo zivle — investor. lo se zivle — invested. lo ve zivle — interest (financial).

i ra pu zivle le jdini le ka sidju pa cnino sanga — He invested money in a new singer.

i ai mi zivle le nejni le ka prami do vau le nu do prami mi — I take a chance on loving you so that you will love me.

Related words: prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse

zmadu — x_1(entity) exceeds or is more than x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)} by amount x_4(entity)

lo zmadu — more. lo se zmadu — less.

i ra zmadu mi le ka tilju vau le ki'ogra be li pa no — He weighs ten more kilograms than I do.

Related words: mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, zildukse, traji

zmiku — x_1(entity) is automatic in function x_{2(property of x1)} ...

lo zmiku — robot, automatic. lo se zmiku — function of a robot.

i le mi'u vorme cu zmiku le ka co'a kalri — The door opens automatically.

Related words: macnu

zo — turn verb into noun that is a quote

i zo gleki cmene mi — Gleki is my name.

Comment: zo and one single Lojban word after it make a quotation, it works as a noun. To quote compound particles, compound verbs and phrases use lu ...li'u. To quote arbitrary sequences of words use lo'u ... le'u.

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi

zo'a [preposition of place] — alongside, by the side of ...

i mi pu cliva le mi'u karce zo'a le mi'u malsi — I left the car by the side of the temple.

zo'e [pronoun] — noun unspecified or known from context

i zo'e carvi — It's raining.

i la edvard pu cusku zo'e pe le mi'u pa gerku — Eduard said something about the dog.

zo'ei — something about ..., something associated with ...

i mi pu na djuno zo'ei le mi'u nabmi — I didn't know of the problem.

Comment: equivalent to zo'e pe.

Related words: tu'a

zo'i [preposition of place] — on this side of ...

i mi sanli bu'u le klaji zo'i le mi'u muzga — I'm standing on the street on this side of the museum.

i mi zutse le korbi be pa lalxu zo'i pa laldo cindu — I'm sitting by the lake on this side of an old oak.

zo'o [interjection modifier] — Kidding... (humorously), zo'o cu'i — that might be either serious or a joke, zo'o nai — seriously

i zo'o pei — Are you kidding?

i e'u zo'o renro la kevin ti noi kevna — Let's throw Kevin into this hole (kidding ...).

i mi kakne le ka plipe fi le mi'u ve'i cmana vau zo'o cu'i — I might be able to jump from the hill.

i zo'o nai do jai fanza — Seriously, you are annoying.

Related words: xajmi, junri

zo'u — separates topic and comment

i le danlu zo'u mi nelci le mlatu — As for animals, I like cats.

i vo da poi gerku vau re de poi prenu zo'u da batci de — There are four da (that are dogs) and there are two de (that are men) such that each dog (da) bites the two men (de).

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi

zoi — turn foreign text into noun that is a quote

i lu coi ro do li'u se traduki fi zoi gy.hello, everyone!.gy. noi glico — coi ro do is translated to English as "Hello, everyone!"

Comment: quotes a text that can be not Lojbanic. The quotation is to be wrapped with pauses from both sides and with an additional Lojbanic word around them from both sides (this word must not be used within the text quoted). Usually the separating Lojbanic word is the first letter of the language in the quotation.

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi

zu [preposition of group ZI] — long ago or in a long time

i la alis pu cliva zu le nanca be li pa no — Alice left ten years ago (a long time).

Comment: often used after pu or ba.

Related words: zi, za, zu

zu'a [preposition of cardinal direction] — to the left of ..., adverb: leftwards

i ko catlu pa karce pe zu'a do — Look at a car to the left of you.

zu'ai [pronoun] — shows mutual activity between this place and the first place of the current clause

i mi tavla do le mlatu i je do tavla mi le mlatu i va'i mi jo'u do tavla zu'ai le mlatu — I talk to you about cats, and you talk to me about cats. In other words, we talk to each other about cats.

i do jo'u la alis jo'u mi tavla zu'ai — You, Alice and I talk to each other.

i do jo'u mi jo'u la alis pu damba zu'ai — You, I and Alice had a battle royale.

Comment: the mass of members is described in the first place (e.g. by connecting nouns with jo'u).

zu'e [preposition from zukte] — with an actor ..., adverb: via a free will

i ko jai zu'e tirna mi — Listen to me!

i zu'e ko viska le mi'u pixra — Look at the picture!

i zu'e mi tirna le zgike — I listened to the music.

Comment: the clause describes the event done by the actor.

zu'i [pronoun] — noun typical for this place

i mi pu penmi zu'i bu'u zu'i — I met the usual people at the usual place.

zu'u [interjection] — on the one hand, zu'u nai — on the other hand

i zu'u le mi'u jufra cu satci le ka se smuni — On the one hand, the sentence is exact in meaning.

i zu'u nai se la'u li du'e clani — On the other hand, it is too long.

Related words: tcemi, frica, dukti

zukcfu — x_1(entity) is busy doing x_{2(property of x1)} for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo zukcfu — busy.

i mi zukcfu le ka jai gau bredi fai le cidja vau le ka jai gau citka fai le mi'u gerku pe mi — I am busy preparing food to feed my dog.

Related words: zukcfu, surla

zukte — x_1(entity) takes action x_{2(action of x1)} for purpose x_3(clause)

lo zukte — actor. lo se zukte — action taken. lo te zukte — purpose of action.

i mi zukte le se gunka be mi tu'a mi — I'm doing my own work for myself.

i xu do ca'o zukte le cipra — Are you performing a test?

i mi zukte le ka darxi le mi'u nakni — I intentionally hit him.

i mi ba zukte ro sarcu le nu do nelci mi — I would do everything so that you like me.

Comment: lo zukte is who do something themselves, lo gasnu is agent who causes something.

Related words: zu'e, gasnu, snuti, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci

zumri — x_1(entity) is some corn or maize of species x_2(taxon)

lo zumri — maize.

i mi sombo le samcu e le zumri — I plant yams and maize.

Related words: gurni

zungi — x_1(entity) feels guilty about x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

i mi zungi le ka pu smusku le jitfa — I feel guilty about having told a lie.

Related words: u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri

zunle — x_1(entity) is to the left of x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo zunle — left (in direction).

i le mi'u dinju cu zunle le mi'u rokci ti — The house is to the left of the rock if viewed from here.

Related words: zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna

zunti — x_{1(event, state)} interferes with or disrupts x_{2(event, state, process)} due to x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se zunti — hindered, disrupted.

i le mi'u gerku cu zunti le nu mi lumci le kumfa vau le ka plipe — The dog leaping hinders me from cleaning the room.

Related words: fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo

zutse — x_1(entity) sits on x_2(entity)

i e'a do zutse le stizu — You may sit down on the chair.

Related words: stizu, cpana, vreta

zvafa'i — x_1(entity) finds x_{2(property of x1)} at x₃

lo se zvafa'i — found (in possesion).

i mi pu zvafa'i le mi'u penbi tu noi kumfa — I found the pen in that room.

Related words: facki, ralte, sisku, cirko, penmi, claxu

zvati — x_1(entity) is present at x_2(entity)

i le sivni kumfa cu zvati ma — Where is the toilet?

i mi pu zvati pa nu penmi — I was at a meeting.

Comment: stuzi is for a stable/inherent location. cabna is time equivalent of zvati

Related words: stuzi, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke