Bruce McKenzie: Difference between revisions

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[[Jay Kominek|Jay]]'s hero-of-the-week for writing a paper entitled "Generating Strings at Random from a Context Free Grammar", which solves a problem that poor [[Jay Kominek|Jay]] was wracking his brain about. Now [[Jay Kominek|Jay]] will be able to write a Lojban [[random sentence generator|random sentence generator]] that works. Theoretically.


Note: reading the special characters on this page will require that you have a Tibetan character font, such as [http://www.thdl.org/xml/show.php?xml=/tools/tibfonts.xml&l=uva10928423419921 ibetan Machine Uni] (free download), installed. Reproducing these characters requires an input tool such as [http://byak.sinp.msu.ru/tise/ isé] (free download).
Bruce's web page is at: http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~bruce/
 
a is normally unmarked. In a syllable with no other sounds, it is written ཨ་ (a). Note that in syllables which have "a" as the vowel, Tibetan's proclivity for stacking consonants is important: those that are stacked occur before the vowel, while those that are not stacked occur after it. This rule was not followed scrupulously in Tibetan, but it should be in Lojban. However, Tisé has trouble rendering and/or prefers not to render some clusters of consonants. One can force it to stack consonants by typing + between them. The only instances I know of in which this doesn't work are those in which the second consonant is f or v (which figures, because these letters are not originally Tibetan - they were added to their script to render Chinese words). In this instance, whenever Tisé fails to render it correctly, the v must be written separately. If this is done, the a must be written out as ཨ afterward; otherwise, it will be assumed that the v occurs at the end of the syllable. Note that this is not necessary in the case of other vowels, which are marked (e.g. zov ཟོབ༹ and zvo་ཟབོ༹)
 
b བ (b)
 
c ཤ (sh)
 
d ད (d)
 
e ཨེ་ (e) - note that this, like other vowels, is a mark that appears above other letters
 
f ཕ༹ (f)
 
g ག (g)
 
i ཨི་ (i) - note that this, like other vowels, is a mark that appears above other letters
 
j ཞ (zh)
 
k ཁ (kh)
 
l ལ (l)
 
m མ (m)
 
n ན (n)
 
o ཨོ (o) - note that this, like other vowels, is a mark that appears above other letters
 
p ཕ (ph)
 
r ར (r)
 
s ས (s)
 
t ཐ (th)
 
u ཨུ (u) - note that this, like other vowels, is a mark that appears above other letters (or, in this case, below them)
 
v བ༹ (v)
 
x ཧ (h)
 
y ཨྀ (-i) - this is a special character which was added to the Tibetan script in order to transcribe words from Sanskrit (it's actually just an i backwards). It is actually intended to write vocalic letters, which would be a reasonable purpose in Lojban, except that I find it's use for "y" to be more compelling.
 
z ཟ་ (z)
 
ai ཨཻ (ai)
 
au ཨཽ (au)
 
Note that "ai" and "au" have special symbols which were added for the transcription of Tibetan. For other Lojbanic vowel diphthongs, it is necessary to use the Tibetan semivowels:
 
i in a diphthong becomes ཡ (y);
 
and u in a diphthong becomes ཝ (w);
 
in the case of uu, ui, ii, and iu, it should be the first vowel which takes on its diphthongised form.
 
' འ (') this character is used in Tibetan to write vowel diphthongs, as well as a sound which has since been lost from the language, but which was apparently somewhat like an h.. The second vowel is written above or below the achung; if none is written, that signifies an "a"
 
. ། (/) - this mark is used in Tibetan to show the end of a sentence (much the same purpose for which the period is used in most languages).
 
.i ༏ (;) - I like to use this mark as a shortcut to write ".i" It's original purpose was to mark the end of a paragraph or series of sentences.
 
, ་ (space bar) - this mark is generally used after every syllable in Tibetan, and so I suggest that it should also be used as such in Lojban (except that it be not used between syllables separated by a '). This leaves the question of how to arbitrarily split lojban consonant clusters into syllables. I propose that, in the case of gismu, the first syllable should always be written as if it ended after the first vowel; this will show the consonant clusters more clearly. In the case of lujvo, syllables should, naturally, break between rafsi (y should be written as a separate syllable). As in so many other aspects, no consistent rules can be formulated for cmevla, although if it particularly resembles a rafsi or a lujvo, it is best to use those rules (i.e. "la ci,zras." ལ་ ཤི་ཟྲས་ and "la gliban." ལ་ གླི་བན་); even so, there a few cases of words that resemble ''both'' lujvo and gismu, most notably "lojban", which resembles both the tanru of seltau "logji bangu" as well as the gismu "lojbo". I prefer to write it as a lujvo: ལོཞ་བན་
 
A ཨཱ (A or aa) - this mark is used in transcriptions of Sanskrit to show long vowels; we can use it represent syllable emphasis in cmevla; e.g. བཱ ཨཱེ ཅཱི དཱོ ཕཱུ༹ གཱྀ
 
vocalic r and n རྲ ནྣ (rr, nn) - this can be showed simply by stacking the letter on top of itself
 
some examples:
 
.i la lojban mo ༏ ལ་ །ལོཞ་བན། མོ་
 
la nicte cadzu ལ་ ནི་ཤྠེ་ ཤ་དྯུ་
 
xekri je blanu nicte ཧེ་ཁྲི་ ཞེ་ བླ་ནུ་ ནི་ཤྠེ་
 
la xrucTCOF. ལ་ ཧྲུཤ་ཏྴཱོཕ༹་
 
loi djarspageti ལོཡ་ དྮ་རྲ་སྥ་གེ་ཐི་
 
e'osai ko sarji la lojban. ཨེའོ་སཻ་ ཁོ་ ས་རྮི་ ལ་ ལོཞ་བན་
 
la cribe pu finti le lisri ལ་ ཤྲོ་བེ་ ཕུ་ ཕི༹་ནྠི་ ལེ་ ལི་སྲི་
 
mi jinvi le du'u loi jmive cu zvati gi'onai na zvati vau la .iupiter. མི་ ཞི་ཞབི༹་ ལེ་ དུའུ ལོཡ་ ཞྨི་བེ༹་ ཟབ༹ཨ་ཐི ན་ གིའོ་ནཻ་ ན་ ཟབཨ༹་ཐི་ བཽ༹་ ལ་།ཡུ་ཕྷི་ཐེར།
 
mi catlu lo mlatu poi ke'a zbasu lei slasi མི་ ཤ་ཐླུ་ ལོ་ མླ་ཐུ་ ཕོཡ་ ཁེའ་ ཟྦ་སུ་ ལེཡ་ སླ་སི་

Latest revision as of 06:04, 1 July 2015

Jay's hero-of-the-week for writing a paper entitled "Generating Strings at Random from a Context Free Grammar", which solves a problem that poor Jay was wracking his brain about. Now Jay will be able to write a Lojban random sentence generator that works. Theoretically.

Bruce's web page is at: http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~bruce/

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