zipcpi: scalar modifiers: Difference between revisions
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Experimental cmavo added by me has a single asterisk; experimental cmavo added by others has a double asterisk. | Experimental cmavo added by me has a single asterisk; experimental cmavo added by others has a double asterisk. | ||
Note: {va'e} may also be | Note: {va'e} may also be substituted with {va'ei**}; difference is that {PAva'e} acts as a selbri, while {PAva'ei} acts as a tense/sumtcita (tagged sumti, if present, indicates the scale or subjective frame of reference) | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Description !! NAhE !! NAI/CAI !! PAva'e !! selbri | ! Description !! Gloss !! NAhE !! NAI/CAI !! PAva'e !! selbri !! Additional notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | superlative negator || "least possible" || ? || ? || rone'e**va'e || tolrai (+cumki?) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | polar negator || "opposite of" || to'e || ne'e** || ni'uva'e || tolkai / dukti || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| denial negator || na'e || nai || ? || natfe | | denial negator || "not" / "other than" || na'e || nai || nova'e? / no'ai*va'e || natfe || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | liminal negator || "half-X, half-to'e-X" || no'e || cu'i || nova'e? / no'e'u*va'e || norkai / nutli || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| scalar | | scalar affirmative || "is" / "indeed is" || je'a || ja'ai || su'ova'e / ma'uva'e || jetnu || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| scalar | | scalar abator || "slightly" / "not very" || rei'e* || ru'e || so'uva'e || milxe || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| strong scalar intensifier || cai'e* || cai || so' | | scalar normative || "averagely" || noi'e* || na'oi** || no'ova'e || cnano || | ||
|- | |||
| scalar intensifier || "very" || sai'e* || sai || so'iva'e || mutce || | |||
|- | |||
| strong scalar intensifier || "extremely" || cai'e* || cai || so'isaiva'e / so'icaiva'e || tcetce || | |||
|- | |||
| scalar superlative || "most possible" || ? || ? || rova'e || traji (+cumki?) || | |||
|- | |||
| scalar deficience || "not enough" / "too little" || ? || ? || mo'ava'e || toldu'e || | |||
|- | |||
| scalar sufficience || "enough" || ? || ? || rauva'e || banzuka || | |||
|- | |||
| scalar excess || "too much" || ? || ? || du'eva'e || dukse || | |||
|- | |||
| scalar question || "how very?" || pai'e*‡ || pei'a*† || xova'e || - || | |||
|- | |||
| elliptical/uncertain || "maybe" || cau'o'e** / cau'e*? || cau'i* || xo'e**va'e || - || cau'a is in NA; also see ju'ocu'i | |||
|} | |} | ||
Note that though attitudinals use NAI/CAI as well, they do not follow this system, but have their own defined scales. | <small>‡ Already defined as {je'ai}; but somehow it doesn't seem like a question-word to me. | ||
† Initially suggested by la ctefa'o as an attitudinal intensity question, but not added. May also be used for that purpose.</small> | |||
Note that though attitudinals use NAI/CAI as well, they do not follow this system, but have their own defined scales; in particular, {nai} tends to more often act as a polar negator rather than a denial negator with them. | |||
Problem: Well, the obvious conclusion right now is that subjective {PAva'e} is currently the most semantically flexible scalar modifier system, and I don't feel like filling the ten empty spots on this table right now. Unfortunately, it does not have the grammatical flexibility of CAI (It's hard to attach {PAva'e} to sumtcita, for instance). I propose {xi'e*} (selma'o XI) for this purpose; {broda xi'eso'u} = {so'uva'e broda} = {broda ru'e} = {rei'e broda}, e.g. | |||
Latest revision as of 20:05, 9 September 2015
This table describes a plan to have a system of scalar modifiers for selbri and sumtcita, to replace or provide an alternative for common usage of {mutce}, {milxe} etc. tanru.
Experimental cmavo added by me has a single asterisk; experimental cmavo added by others has a double asterisk.
Note: {va'e} may also be substituted with {va'ei**}; difference is that {PAva'e} acts as a selbri, while {PAva'ei} acts as a tense/sumtcita (tagged sumti, if present, indicates the scale or subjective frame of reference)
| Description | Gloss | NAhE | NAI/CAI | PAva'e | selbri | Additional notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| superlative negator | "least possible" | ? | ? | rone'e**va'e | tolrai (+cumki?) | |
| polar negator | "opposite of" | to'e | ne'e** | ni'uva'e | tolkai / dukti | |
| denial negator | "not" / "other than" | na'e | nai | nova'e? / no'ai*va'e | natfe | |
| liminal negator | "half-X, half-to'e-X" | no'e | cu'i | nova'e? / no'e'u*va'e | norkai / nutli | |
| scalar affirmative | "is" / "indeed is" | je'a | ja'ai | su'ova'e / ma'uva'e | jetnu | |
| scalar abator | "slightly" / "not very" | rei'e* | ru'e | so'uva'e | milxe | |
| scalar normative | "averagely" | noi'e* | na'oi** | no'ova'e | cnano | |
| scalar intensifier | "very" | sai'e* | sai | so'iva'e | mutce | |
| strong scalar intensifier | "extremely" | cai'e* | cai | so'isaiva'e / so'icaiva'e | tcetce | |
| scalar superlative | "most possible" | ? | ? | rova'e | traji (+cumki?) | |
| scalar deficience | "not enough" / "too little" | ? | ? | mo'ava'e | toldu'e | |
| scalar sufficience | "enough" | ? | ? | rauva'e | banzuka | |
| scalar excess | "too much" | ? | ? | du'eva'e | dukse | |
| scalar question | "how very?" | pai'e*‡ | pei'a*† | xova'e | - | |
| elliptical/uncertain | "maybe" | cau'o'e** / cau'e*? | cau'i* | xo'e**va'e | - | cau'a is in NA; also see ju'ocu'i |
‡ Already defined as {je'ai}; but somehow it doesn't seem like a question-word to me.
† Initially suggested by la ctefa'o as an attitudinal intensity question, but not added. May also be used for that purpose.
Note that though attitudinals use NAI/CAI as well, they do not follow this system, but have their own defined scales; in particular, {nai} tends to more often act as a polar negator rather than a denial negator with them.
Problem: Well, the obvious conclusion right now is that subjective {PAva'e} is currently the most semantically flexible scalar modifier system, and I don't feel like filling the ten empty spots on this table right now. Unfortunately, it does not have the grammatical flexibility of CAI (It's hard to attach {PAva'e} to sumtcita, for instance). I propose {xi'e*} (selma'o XI) for this purpose; {broda xi'eso'u} = {so'uva'e broda} = {broda ru'e} = {rei'e broda}, e.g.