toki pona enhanced

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toki pona enhanced, one of the unoffical symbols

toki pona enhanced (aka TPE) is a dialect of toki pona that employs advances in the science of Lojban applied to the syntax of toki pona.

Basic sentence structure

Main TPE words are verbs like

"soweli" = to be an animal (e.g. a dog or a cat)
"moku" = to eat (something)

soweli li moku
A mouse eats.

The verb before the particle "li" becomes a noun. The verb after "li" remains a verb.

TPE also have words that act only as nouns. Those are pronouns:

"mi" = I
"sina" = you

Thus they don't require "li" to separate them from the forthcoming verb:

mi moku
I eat.

Topic and comment

A more common sentence have two parts: topic and comment separated with the particle "la":

soweli li moku la ona li kepeken e ijo
When a mouse eats it uses a fork. (literally)
A mouse eats using a fork (actual meaning)

"ona" = he, she, they, it
"kepeken" = to use (something)

Topic is before "la", comment is after "la".

"la" is used to express prepositions. In this case the preposition "with" is rephrased in TPE with the verb "kepeken".

"la" can also be used to express conditions like "if" and "when". This sentence can also be translated as "If a mouse eats it uses a fork."

Anaphora

soweli li moku la ona li kepeken e ijo
When a mouse eats it uses a fork. (literally)
A mouse eats using a fork (actual meaning)

Anaphoric verb "ona" refers to the previous noun known from context. In this isolated example it definitely refers to the noun "soweli" since there are no other nouns before "ona".

Two nouns of a verb

Verb can have more than one noun:

mi moku e ijo
I eat something.
I eat food.

"moku" = to eat (something)

The second noun is put after the verb and separated with the particle "e".

Compound verbs

"toki" = to talk, say (something)
"pona" = to be good, to repair (something)
"toki pona" = to talk in a good way

toki pona li moku
A good talker eats.

Stringing verbs together makes the second, third etc. verbs modify the first verb. Thus we get adjectives that unlike English is put afterwards: literally in TPE we say "talker, the good, eats."

Pronouns can also modify verbs:

"soweli" = to be an animal (e.g. cat)
"soweli mi" = to be my animal

ni li soweli mi
This is my cat.

"ni" = this

ona li soweli sina
It is your cat.

Negation

mi moku ala
I don't eat.

"ala" = to be false, not

To negate a verb you put "ala" after it thus getting a compound verb.

Questions

The question verb "seme" is used for asking content questions:

seme li moku
Who eats?

Sentences with questions usually have a raising intonation.

sina moku ala moku
Do you eat?

moku
I do.

moku ala
I don't.

To ask yes/no questions repeat the verb twice with the word "ala" inside. To answer yes repeat that verb. To answer no repeat the verb with ala after it.

Separating sentences

Sentences are separated by lowering the intonation till the end of the sentence and putting an at least short pause after them.

Question sentences are separated by raising the intonation till the end of the sentence and putting an at least short pause after them.

In writing sentence are separated by a dot placed at the end of them.

Linking sentences together

mi moku. en la mi tawa

"tawa" = to go, to move (to some place)
"en" = and

If you want to show that two sentences express the same idea use "en la" to connect them.

mi moku. sin la kon li seli

"seli" = to be hot, to burn (something)
"sin" = to be new

If you change the subject of what you are talking about start the next sentence with "sin la" to show it belongs to a new subject. In books "sin la" is also used to separate paragraphs.

Metaphorical usage of prepositions

The verb to say actually requires three nouns:

I say this to you.

"toki" = to say (something)

"toki" specifies only the first two nouns. In such cases metaphors are used. In english to is used. TPE is similar in this regard. It uses "tawa":

mi tawa sina la mi toki e ni.
When I am towards you, I say this. (literally)
I say this to you.

tawa = to go to (some place), to be oriented towards (something or someone)

Differences from toki pona

In toki pona language "moku" can mean both "to eat" and "food". in TPE this is avoided. You say

mi moku e ijo. ona li pona
I eat something. It (i.e. food) is good.

Dictionary

a, kin [interjection] (emphasis, emotion or confirmation)
akesi [VERB] is a non-cute animal (e.g. reptile, amphibian)
ala [VERB] is false, is not, is zero
alasa [VERB] to hunt, forage
ale, ali [VERB] to represent all of them or each of them; is in abundance, is countless, bountiful, plentiful
anpa [VERB] to bow down, to be downwards, to be humble, low, dependent
ante [VERB] is different, altered, changed; other
anu [VERB] to present either option; or
awen [VERB] is enduring, kept, protected, safe, waiting, staying
awen [PRE-VERB] to continue to
e [PARTICLE] (before the second noun of a verb)
en [VERB] is a union, is connected; and
esun [VERB] is a market, shop, fair, bazaar, business transaction
ijo [VERB] is a thing, phenomenon, object, matter
ike [VERB] is bad, non-essential, irrelevant
ilo [VERB] is a tool, implement, machine, device
insa [VERB] is a center, content, the inside, is between, is an internal organ, stomach
jaki [VERB] is disgusting, obscene, sickly, toxic, unclean, unsanitary
jan [VERB] is a human being, person, somebody
jelo [VERB] is yellow, yellowish
jo [VERB] to have, carry, contain, hold
kala [VERB] is a fish, marine animal, sea creature
kalama [VERB] to produce a sound; recite; utter aloud
kama [VERB] to arrive, come, is in future
kama [PRE-VERB] to become, manage to, succeed in
kasi [VERB] is a plant, vegetation, herb, leaf
ken [PRE-VERB] to be able to, be allowed to, can, may
ken [VERB] to be possible
kepeken [VERB] to use; with, by means of
kili [VERB] is a fruit, vegetable, mushroom
kiwen [VERB] is a rock, stone, metal, hard object
ko [VERB] is a clay, clinging form, dough, semi-solid, paste, powder
kon [VERB] is an air, to breath, is the essence, spirit, is a hidden reality, unseen agent
kule [VERB] is colorful, pigmented, painted
kulupu [VERB] is a community, company, group, nation, society, tribe
kute [VERB] is an ear, to hear, listen, to pay attention to, obey
la [PARTICLE] (between the topic and comment)
lape [VERB] to sleep, to rest
laso [VERB] is blue, green
lawa [VERB] is a head, to represent a mind
lawa [VERB] to control, direct, guide, lead, own, plan, regulate, rule
len [VERB] is a cloth, clothing, fabric, textile, cover, layer of privacy
lete [VERB] is cold, cool, uncooked, raw
li [PARTICLE] between any first noun except mi alone or sina alone and its verb; also used to introduce a new verb for the same first noun
lili [VERB] is little, small, short, to represent a small number; few, a bit, young
linja [VERB] is long and flexible thing, is a line, cord, hair, rope, thread, yarn
lipu [VERB] is a flat object, book, document, card, paper, record, website
loje [VERB] is red, reddish
lon [VERB] is located at, is present at, is real, true, existing
luka [VERB] arm, hand, tactile organ
luka [NUMBER] five
oko, lukin [VERB] to look at, see, examine, observe, read, watch, is an eye
lukin [PRE-VERB] to seek, look for, try to
lupa [VERB] is a door, hole, orifice, window
ma [VERB] is an earth, land, outdoors, world, country, territory, soil
mama [VERB] is a parent, ancestor, creator, originator, caretakes, sustainer
mani [VERB] is some money, cash, savings, wealth, large domesticated animal
meli [VERB] is a woman, female, feminine person, wife
mi [pronoun] I; me, we, us
mije [VERB] is a man, male, masculine person, husband
moku [VERB] to eat, drink, consume, swallow, ingest
moli [VERB] is dead, to die
monsi [VERB] is back, behind, rear
mu [interjection] (animal noise or communication)
mun [VERB] is a moon, night sky object, star
musi [VERB] is artistic, entertaining, frivolous, playful, recreational
mute [VERB] to represent a large number; many, a lot, more, several, very
nanpa [PARTICLE] _-th (ordinal number)
nanpa [VERB] is a number, to represent some quantity
nasa [VERB] is unusual, strange, foolish, crazy, drunk, intoxicated
nasin [VERB] is a way, custom, doctrine, method, path, road
nena [VERB] is a bump, button, hill, mountain, nose, protuberance
ni [VERB] is that, this
nimi [VERB] is a name, word
noka [VERB] is a foot, leg, organ of locomotion; bottom, lower part
o [interjection] hey! O! (vocative or imperative marker)
olin [VERB] to love, have compassion for, respect, show affection to
ona [VERB] is he, she, it, they
open [VERB] to begin, start, open, turn on (something)
pakala [VERB] is botched, broken, damaged, harmed, messed up
pali [VERB] to do, take action on, work on, build, make, prepare (something)
palisa [VERB] is a long hard thing, branch, rod, stick
pan [VERB] is a cereal, grain; barley, corn, oat, rice, wheat; bread, pasta
pana [VERB] to give, send, emit, provide, put, release (something)
pi [PARTICLE] of
pilin [VERB] is a heart (physical or emotional), to feel (something; an emotion, a direct experience)
pimeja [VERB] is black, dark, unlit
pini [VERB] is in past, is completed, ended, finished
pipi [VERB] is a bug, insect, ant, spider
poka [VERB] is a hip, side, to be next to, nearby
poki [VERB] is a container, bag, bowl, cup, cupboard, drawer, vessel
pona [VERB] to repair (something), is good, positive, useful, friendly, peaceful, simple
pu [VERB] to interact with the official Toki Pona book
sama [VERB] is the same, similar, is a sibling, peer, fellow; each other
seli [VERB] is a fire, is a cooking element, chemical reaction, heat source
selo [VERB] is an outer form, outer layer, bark, peel, shell, skin, boundary
seme [VERB] is what? is which?
sewi [VERB] is an area above, highest part, something elevated, is awe-inspiring, divine, sacred, supernatural
sijelo [VERB] is a body (of person or animal), physical state, torso
sike [VERB] is round or circular thing, ball, circle, cycle, sphere, wheel, one year long
sin [VERB] is new, fresh, additional, another, extra
namako [VERB] is special, gist, new fresh, woman as a special thing, to have umami taste
sina [PRONOUN] you
sinpin [VERB] is a face, foremost, front, wall
sitelen [VERB] to write, draw (something), is an image, picture, representation, symbol, mark
sona [VERB] to know, be skilled in, be wise about, have information on (something)
sona [PRE-VERB] to know how to
soweli [VERB] is an animal, beast, land mammal
suli [VERB] is big, heavy, large, tall, important; adult
suno [VERB] is the sun, light, bright, is a glow, radiance, shine, light source
supa [VERB] is a horizontal surface, thing to put or rest something on
suwi [VERB] is sweet, fragrant; cute, innocent, adorable
tan [VERB] to be the reason or source
taso [VERB] to contradict; but, however, only
tawa [VERB] to go to, to move, to be oriented towards
telo [VERB] is a water, liquid, fluid, wet substance, beverage
tenpo [VERB] is the time, duration, moment, occasion, period, situation
toki [VERB] to communicate, say, speak, say, talk, use language, think
tomo [VERB] is an indoor space, building, home, house, room
tu [NUMBER] two
unpa [VERB] to have sexual or marital relations with
uta [VERB] is a mouth, lips, oral cavity, jaw
utala [VERB] to battle, challenge, compete against, struggle against
walo [VERB] is white, whitish, light-colored, pale
wan [VERB] to unite (something), is unique, united
wan [NUMBER] one
waso [VERB] is a bird, flying creature, winged animal
wawa [VERB] is strong, powerful, confident, sure, energetic, intense
weka [VERB] is absent, away, ignored
wile [PRE-VERB] must, need, require, should, want, wish