pronunciation guide in English: Difference between revisions
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(split vowel table into 'preferred' and 'allowed' tables // added name column with links) |
(switched tables to default (left) alignment // switched to static column width // updated more tables to include name column) |
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Tags currently used: | Tags currently used: | ||
* (AuE) = Australian English | * (AuE) = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_English_phonology Australian English] | ||
* (ScE) = Scottish English | * (ScE) = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_English Scottish English] | ||
* (WaE) = Welsh English | * (WaE) = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_English Welsh English] | ||
= | =Tables= | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center | <u>Vowels (preferred)</u> | ||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! IPA | ! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ||
! | ! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA | ||
! Examples | ! scope="col" width="256px" | Names | ||
! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples | |||
|- | |- | ||
! a | ! a | ||
Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<u>Vowels (allowed)</u> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
| | ! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ||
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA | |||
! IPA | ! scope="col" width="256px" | Names | ||
! | ! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples | ||
! Examples | |||
|- | |- | ||
! a | ! a | ||
Line 74: | Line 74: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<u>Diphthongs</u> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center | |||
! lojban | ! lojban | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
Line 84: | Line 82: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ai | ! ai | ||
| aj | | [aj] | ||
| h<u>igh</u>, T<u>ai</u>pei | | h<u>igh</u>, T<u>ai</u>pei | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ei | ! ei | ||
| ɛj | | [ɛj] | ||
| w<u>eigh</u>, Taip<u>ei</u> | | w<u>eigh</u>, Taip<u>ei</u> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! oi | ! oi | ||
| oj | | [oj] | ||
| b<u>oy</u> | | b<u>oy</u> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! au | ! au | ||
| aw | | [aw] | ||
| c<u>ow</u> | | c<u>ow</u> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ia | ! ia | ||
| ja | | [ja] | ||
| <u>ya</u>rd | | <u>ya</u>rd | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ie | ! ie | ||
| jɛ | | [jɛ] | ||
| <u>ye</u>ll | | <u>ye</u>ll | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ii | ! ii | ||
| ji | | [ji] | ||
| hear <u>ye</u> | | hear <u>ye</u> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! io | ! io | ||
| jo | | [jo] | ||
| <u>yo</u>gurt | | <u>yo</u>gurt | ||
|- | |- | ||
! iu | ! iu | ||
| ju | | [ju] | ||
| b<u>eau</u>ty | | b<u>eau</u>ty | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ua | ! ua | ||
| wa | | [wa] | ||
| <u>wa</u>nder | | <u>wa</u>nder | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ue | ! ue | ||
| wɛ | | [wɛ] | ||
| <u>we</u>ll | | <u>we</u>ll | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ui | ! ui | ||
| wi | | [wi] | ||
| <u>we</u>ak | | <u>we</u>ak | ||
|- | |- | ||
! uo | ! uo | ||
| wo | | [wo] | ||
| <u>woe</u> | | <u>woe</u> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! uu | ! uu | ||
| wu | | [wu] | ||
| <u>woo</u> | | <u>woo</u> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! iy | ! iy | ||
| jə | | [jə] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! uy | ! uy | ||
| wə | | [wə] | ||
| <u>wa</u>s | | <u>wa</u>s | ||
|} | |} | ||
<u>Sibilants</u> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | |||
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center | ! scope="col" width="256px" | Names | ||
| | ! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples | ||
! | |||
! | |||
! Examples | |||
|- | |- | ||
! c | ! c | ||
| [ʃ] | | [ʃ] | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant] | |||
| sh in shape | | sh in shape | ||
|- | |- | ||
! j | ! j | ||
| [ʒ] | | [ʒ] | ||
| s in measure, j in | | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant] | ||
| s in measure, j in déjà vu | |||
|- | |||
! s | |||
| [s] | |||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative Voiceless alveolar sibilant] | |||
| s in soon | |||
|- | |||
! z | |||
| [z] | |||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative Voiced alveolar sibilant] | |||
| z in zinc | |||
|} | |||
<u>Fricatives</u> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | |||
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA | |||
! scope="col" width="256px" | Names | |||
! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples | |||
|- | |||
! f | |||
| [f] | |||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative Voiceless labiodental fricative] | |||
| f in fall | |||
|- | |||
! v | |||
| [v] | |||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative Voiced labiodental fricative] | |||
| v in voice | |||
|- | |- | ||
! x | ! x | ||
| [x] | | [x] | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative Voiceless velar fricative] | |||
| ch in loch (ScE) | | ch in loch (ScE) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <nowiki>'</nowiki> | ! <nowiki>'</nowiki> | ||
| [h] | | [h] | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative Voiceless glottal fricative] | |||
| h in hose | | h in hose | ||
|} | |||
<u>Affricates</u> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | |||
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA | |||
! scope="col" width="256px" | Names | |||
! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples | |||
|- | |- | ||
! dj | ! dj | ||
| [dʒ] | | [dʒ] | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate Voiced palato-alveolar affricate] | |||
| j in joke | | j in joke | ||
|- | |- | ||
! tc | ! tc | ||
| [tʃ] | | [tʃ] | ||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate] | |||
| ch in chat | | ch in chat | ||
|- | |||
! dz | |||
| [ʣ] | |||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate Voiced alveolar affricate] | |||
| ds in pads | |||
|- | |||
! ts | |||
| [ʦ] | |||
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate Voiceless alveolar affricate] | |||
| ts in cats | |||
|} | |} | ||
<u>Rhotic</u> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! lojban | ! lojban | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
! Examples | ! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! r | ||
| [ | | [r], [ɹ], [ɾ], [ʀ], [r̩], [ɹ̩], [ɾ̩], [ʀ̩] | ||
| <u> | | <u>r</u>ock | ||
| | |} | ||
<u>Nasals</u> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! lojban | |||
! IPA | |||
! Examples | |||
|- | |- | ||
! n | ! n | ||
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| [m], [m̩] | | [m], [m̩] | ||
| <u>m</u>ove | | <u>m</u>ove | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
<u>Stops</u> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! lojban | ! lojban | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
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| [k] | | [k] | ||
| <u>k</u>een | | <u>k</u>een | ||
|- | |||
! l | |||
| [l], [l̩] | |||
| <u>l</u>ate | |||
|- | |- | ||
! p | ! p | ||
| [p] | | [p] | ||
| <u>p</u>owder | | <u>p</u>owder | ||
|- | |- | ||
! t | ! t | ||
| [t] | | [t] | ||
| <u>t</u>ime | | <u>t</u>ime | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 01:34, 24 December 2014
Tags
Examples are either tagged with a language code or English dialect. Any example that is not tagged is considered "General American" (GA).
Tags currently used:
- (AuE) = Australian English
- (ScE) = Scottish English
- (WaE) = Welsh English
Tables
Vowels (preferred)
lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
a | [a] | Open front unrounded vowel | a in hat (WaE) |
e | [ɛ] | Open-mid front unrounded vowel | e in bed |
i | [i] | Close front unrounded vowel | ee in free |
o | [o] | Close-mid back rounded vowel | o in go (ScE) |
u | [u] | Close back rounded vowel | oo in boot |
y | [ə] | Mid-central vowel | a in above |
Vowels (allowed)
lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
a | [ɑ] | Open back unrounded vowel | a in father |
e | [e] | Close-mid front unrounded vowel | ay in play (ScE) |
o | [ɔ] | Open-mid back rounded vowel | o in not (AuE) |
Diphthongs
lojban | IPA | Examples |
---|---|---|
ai | [aj] | high, Taipei |
ei | [ɛj] | weigh, Taipei |
oi | [oj] | boy |
au | [aw] | cow |
ia | [ja] | yard |
ie | [jɛ] | yell |
ii | [ji] | hear ye |
io | [jo] | yogurt |
iu | [ju] | beauty |
ua | [wa] | wander |
ue | [wɛ] | well |
ui | [wi] | weak |
uo | [wo] | woe |
uu | [wu] | woo |
iy | [jə] | |
uy | [wə] | was |
Sibilants
lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
c | [ʃ] | Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant | sh in shape |
j | [ʒ] | Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant | s in measure, j in déjà vu |
s | [s] | Voiceless alveolar sibilant | s in soon |
z | [z] | Voiced alveolar sibilant | z in zinc |
Fricatives
lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
f | [f] | Voiceless labiodental fricative | f in fall |
v | [v] | Voiced labiodental fricative | v in voice |
x | [x] | Voiceless velar fricative | ch in loch (ScE) |
' | [h] | Voiceless glottal fricative | h in hose |
Affricates
lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
dj | [dʒ] | Voiced palato-alveolar affricate | j in joke |
tc | [tʃ] | Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate | ch in chat |
dz | [ʣ] | Voiced alveolar affricate | ds in pads |
ts | [ʦ] | Voiceless alveolar affricate | ts in cats |
Rhotic
lojban | IPA | Examples |
---|---|---|
r | [r], [ɹ], [ɾ], [ʀ], [r̩], [ɹ̩], [ɾ̩], [ʀ̩] | rock |
Nasals
lojban | IPA | Examples |
---|---|---|
n | [n], [n̩], [ŋ̍], [ŋ̩] | nose |
m | [m], [m̩] | move |
Stops
lojban | IPA | Examples |
---|---|---|
b | [b] | bottle |
d | [d] | dance |
g | [g] | goose |
k | [k] | keen |
l | [l], [l̩] | late |
p | [p] | powder |
t | [t] | time |