pronunciation guide in English: Difference between revisions

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(split vowel table into 'preferred' and 'allowed' tables // added name column with links)
(switched tables to default (left) alignment // switched to static column width // updated more tables to include name column)
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Tags currently used:
Tags currently used:


* (AuE) = Australian English
* (AuE) = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_English_phonology Australian English]
* (ScE) = Scottish English
* (ScE) = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_English Scottish English]
* (WaE) = Welsh English
* (WaE) = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_English Welsh English]
* (fra) = French


=Vowels=
=Tables=


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
<u>Vowels (preferred)</u>
|+ Preferred
 
! lojban
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! IPA
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban
! Name
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA
! Examples
! scope="col" width="256px" | Names
! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples
|-
|-
! a
! a
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|}
|}


<u>Vowels (allowed)</u>


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Allowed
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban
! lojban
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA
! IPA
! scope="col" width="256px" | Names
! Name
! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples
! Examples
|-
|-
! a
! a
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|}
|}


<u>Diphthongs</u>


=Diphthongs=
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
! lojban
! lojban
! IPA
! IPA
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|-
|-
! ai
! ai
| aj
| [aj]
| h<u>igh</u>, T<u>ai</u>pei
| h<u>igh</u>, T<u>ai</u>pei
|-
|-
! ei
! ei
| ɛj
| [ɛj]
| w<u>eigh</u>, Taip<u>ei</u>
| w<u>eigh</u>, Taip<u>ei</u>
|-
|-
! oi
! oi
| oj
| [oj]
| b<u>oy</u>
| b<u>oy</u>
|-
|-
! au
! au
| aw
| [aw]
| c<u>ow</u>
| c<u>ow</u>
|-
|-
! ia
! ia
| ja
| [ja]
| <u>ya</u>rd
| <u>ya</u>rd
|-
|-
! ie
! ie
| jɛ
| []
| <u>ye</u>ll
| <u>ye</u>ll
|-
|-
! ii
! ii
| ji
| [ji]
| hear <u>ye</u>
| hear <u>ye</u>
|-
|-
! io
! io
| jo
| [jo]
| <u>yo</u>gurt
| <u>yo</u>gurt
|-
|-
! iu
! iu
| ju
| [ju]
| b<u>eau</u>ty
| b<u>eau</u>ty
|-
|-
! ua
! ua
| wa
| [wa]
| <u>wa</u>nder
| <u>wa</u>nder
|-
|-
! ue
! ue
| wɛ
| []
| <u>we</u>ll
| <u>we</u>ll
|-
|-
! ui
! ui
| wi
| [wi]
| <u>we</u>ak
| <u>we</u>ak
|-
|-
! uo
! uo
| wo
| [wo]
| <u>woe</u>
| <u>woe</u>
|-
|-
! uu
! uu
| wu
| [wu]
| <u>woo</u>
| <u>woo</u>
|-
|-
! iy
! iy
| jə
| []
|-
|-
! uy
! uy
| wə
| []
| <u>wa</u>s
| <u>wa</u>s
|}
|}


<u>Sibilants</u>


=Consonants=
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban
 
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
! scope="col" width="256px" | Names
|+ Weird stuff
! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples
! lojban
! IPA
! Examples
|-
|-
! c
! c
| [ʃ], [ʂ]
| [ʃ]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant]
| sh in shape
| sh in shape
|-
|-
! j
! j
| [ʒ], [ʐ]
| [ʒ]
| s in measure, j in bonjour (fra)
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant]
| s in measure, j in déjà vu
|-
! s
| [s]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative Voiceless alveolar sibilant]
| s in soon
|-
! z
| [z]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative Voiced alveolar sibilant]
| z in zinc
|}
 
<u>Fricatives</u>
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA
! scope="col" width="256px" | Names
! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples
|-
! f
| [f]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative Voiceless labiodental fricative]
| f in fall
|-
! v
| [v]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative Voiced labiodental fricative]
| v in voice
|-
|-
! x
! x
| [x]
| [x]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative Voiceless velar fricative]
| ch in loch (ScE)
| ch in loch (ScE)
|-
|-
! <nowiki>'</nowiki>
! <nowiki>'</nowiki>
| [h]
| [h]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative Voiceless glottal fricative]
| h in hose
| h in hose
|}
<u>Affricates</u>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban
! scope="col" width="64px" | IPA
! scope="col" width="256px" | Names
! scope="col" width="224px" | Examples
|-
|-
! dj
! dj
| [dʒ]
| [dʒ]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate Voiced palato-alveolar affricate]
| j in joke
| j in joke
|-
|-
! tc
! tc
| [tʃ]
| [tʃ]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate]
| ch in chat
| ch in chat
|-
! dz
| [ʣ]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate Voiced alveolar affricate]
| ds in pads
|-
! ts
| [ʦ]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate Voiceless alveolar affricate]
| ts in cats
|}
|}


<u>Rhotic</u>


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Allowing variation
! lojban
! lojban
! IPA
! IPA
! Examples
! Examples
|-
|-
! f
! r
| [f], [ɸ]
| [r], [ɹ], [ɾ], [ʀ], [r̩], [ɹ̩], [ɾ̩], [ʀ̩]
| <u>f</u>all
| <u>r</u>ock
|-
|}
! l
 
| [l], [l̩]
<u>Nasals</u>
| <u>l</u>ate
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! lojban
! IPA
! Examples
|-
|-
! n
! n
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| [m], [m̩]
| [m], [m̩]
| <u>m</u>ove
| <u>m</u>ove
|-
! r
| [r], [ɹ], [ɾ], [ʀ], [r̩], [ɹ̩], [ɾ̩], [ʀ̩]
| <u>r</u>ock
|-
! v
| [v], [β]
| <u>v</u>oice
|-
|-
|}
|}


<u>Stops</u>


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: auto;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Invariant
! lojban
! lojban
! IPA
! IPA
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| [k]
| [k]
| <u>k</u>een
| <u>k</u>een
|-
! l
| [l], [l̩]
| <u>l</u>ate
|-
|-
! p
! p
| [p]
| [p]
| <u>p</u>owder
| <u>p</u>owder
|-
! s
| [s]
| <u>s</u>oldier
|-
|-
! t
! t
| [t]
| [t]
| <u>t</u>ime
| <u>t</u>ime
|-
! z
| [z]
| <u>z</u>inc
|}
|}



Revision as of 01:34, 24 December 2014

Tags

Examples are either tagged with a language code or English dialect. Any example that is not tagged is considered "General American" (GA).

Tags currently used:

Tables

Vowels (preferred)

lojban IPA Names Examples
a [a] Open front unrounded vowel a in hat (WaE)
e [ɛ] Open-mid front unrounded vowel e in bed
i [i] Close front unrounded vowel ee in free
o [o] Close-mid back rounded vowel o in go (ScE)
u [u] Close back rounded vowel oo in boot
y [ə] Mid-central vowel a in above

Vowels (allowed)

lojban IPA Names Examples
a [ɑ] Open back unrounded vowel a in father
e [e] Close-mid front unrounded vowel ay in play (ScE)
o [ɔ] Open-mid back rounded vowel o in not (AuE)

Diphthongs

lojban IPA Examples
ai [aj] high, Taipei
ei [ɛj] weigh, Taipei
oi [oj] boy
au [aw] cow
ia [ja] yard
ie [jɛ] yell
ii [ji] hear ye
io [jo] yogurt
iu [ju] beauty
ua [wa] wander
ue [wɛ] well
ui [wi] weak
uo [wo] woe
uu [wu] woo
iy [jə]
uy [wə] was

Sibilants

lojban IPA Names Examples
c [ʃ] Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant sh in shape
j [ʒ] Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant s in measure, j in déjà vu
s [s] Voiceless alveolar sibilant s in soon
z [z] Voiced alveolar sibilant z in zinc

Fricatives

lojban IPA Names Examples
f [f] Voiceless labiodental fricative f in fall
v [v] Voiced labiodental fricative v in voice
x [x] Voiceless velar fricative ch in loch (ScE)
' [h] Voiceless glottal fricative h in hose

Affricates

lojban IPA Names Examples
dj [dʒ] Voiced palato-alveolar affricate j in joke
tc [tʃ] Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate ch in chat
dz [ʣ] Voiced alveolar affricate ds in pads
ts [ʦ] Voiceless alveolar affricate ts in cats

Rhotic

lojban IPA Examples
r [r], [ɹ], [ɾ], [ʀ], [r̩], [ɹ̩], [ɾ̩], [ʀ̩] rock

Nasals

lojban IPA Examples
n [n], [n̩], [ŋ̍], [ŋ̩] nose
m [m], [m̩] move

Stops

lojban IPA Examples
b [b] bottle
d [d] dance
g [g] goose
k [k] keen
l [l], [l̩] late
p [p] powder
t [t] time

External Links