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||'''Name'''|'''jbocme'''|'''pinka'''
Ways to say ''only'':


ki-rin |tcilini
*po'o
**la djan po'o klama le zarci


master lich |certu li'itcie
**la djan joi la meris po'o klama le zarci
*ropa


balrog |balrogu
**??
*du ro


titan |tintano
**la djan du ro le klama be le zarci
**la djan joi la meris du ro le klama be le zarci


yellow dragon |pelxu drakone
*pamei
**??


white dragon |blabi drakone
*romei
**la djan romei lei klama be le zarci


silver dragon |rijnyska drakone
**la djan joi la meris romei lei klama be le zarci
*.e no drata


red dragon |xunre drakone
**la djan e no drata cu klama le zarci
**la djan joi la meris e no drata cu klama le zarci


orange dragon |narju drakone
*'''se steci''' : ''x1 is/are the only one(s) with property x2 among x3''
**la djan se steci le ka ce'u klama le zarci


green dragon |crino drakone
**la djan joi la meris se steci le ka ce'u klama le zarci


gray dragon |grusi drakone
----


blue dragon |blanu drakone
I never see ''ro le broda'' being used for a single broda, for example, and it is rare to find ''le broda'' referring to more than one.


black dragon |xekri drakone
''ro le broda is going to be pretty non-intuitive to non-natives. It also has some potential to be accidentally wrong.'' --[[Jay Kominek|Jay]]


Master Assassin |catrycre
I've had occasion to do that to the past (I assume you're referring to ''ro le broda'' as a singular), because I predate ''po'o'', and never liked it. (In fact, I transferred my Lojban for 'only' (''.e no drata'') into Klingon, because I'd mislearnt that ''neH'' meant ''po'o'' after nouns, not ''.uenai'' (merely) as it does after verbs.) At any rate, I had said in the past "all one of them", but in that case I certainly said the "one": ''ropa le broda''. See [http://balance.wiw.org/~jkominek/lojban/9201/msg00039.html,] and ''ropa'' and ''ropamei'' in the archives. (I'm seeing Nora in [http://balance.wiw.org/~jkominek/lojban/9602/msg00273.html] saying ''ropa'' should be 'any one of', but surely that's silly. To my unsurprise, ''ropa'' is unmentioned in the refgramm.) -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]


Dark One |la manku
''ro pa broda cu brode'' might mean that '''only one''' broda is a brode, (i.e., no other broda) but not that one broda is the only one that is a brode. Indeed '''ro''' is redundant there, because '''pa''' by itself already means ''one and only one''.


storm giant |cavbracrida
*But that's why 'ropa' shouldn't just mean 'all of the one and only one', but 'all of them -- i.e. one and only one'. That way, ''ro pa broda cu brode'' is true when both ''ro broda cu brode'' is true and ''pa broda cu brode'' is true. Because ''ro'' and ''pa'' are both digits, this is not an issue for quantification scope: ''ro pa broda'' != ''ro lo pa broda''. None of this is codified in the refgramm, mind you; this is how I have used it (a lot) in the past, but I think it's still useful. -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]].


Lord Surtur |surtur. poi nobli ku'o
**It still doesn't make sense. You can claim ''ro cevni cu xamgu'' and ''pa cevni cu xamgu'', and that does not mean that "only god is good", it in no way precludes that ''so'i gerku cu xamgu'', for example. It means "The only god is good" (one god = all gods), but we want to say something else: "only god is good". -- mi'e [[User:xorxes|xorxes]]


Ashikaga Takauji |.acikagatakaudjin.
***You're quite right. In weasely self-defense, what I was actually doing was ''ropamei le'i xamgu'' -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]].


Angel |notcrida
****That works, but ''romei'' is enough. ''ropamei'' when there is only one, but 'only' can also be used with 'only two', 'only three', and so on. Agreed -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]


master mind flayer |certu bencticrida
''What does lo pa broda mean?''


Vlad the Impaler |la .vlad. poi kilgregau ku'o
Fully expanded, ''su'o pa lo pa broda'': at least one out of the one thing in the world which can be described [[veridical|(veridical]]ly) as the x1 of ''broda''. Since [[brivla|brivla]] typically describe more than one thing, it's hard to find examples, so let's settle for ''lo pa cevni be le xebro''. (There is not only one God for all religions, but there is only one God for ''that'' religion.)


jabberwock |djaberuoki
''And why is this unusable for "only"?''


glass golem |blaci go'olme
le pa gerku cu djuno


demilich |dzemli'itcie
Only the dog knows.


minotaur |mintotauro
* Where is the ''only'' there? That says that the one dog knows, it doesn't say anything about anyone else knowing or not. (The cat for example.)


Scorpius |skorpius
''Exactly which dog is specified by context.''


purple worm |zircurnu
Ah, but ''le pa'' (= ''ro le pa'') is different to ''lo pa'': ''le pa'' is the one thing ''you have in mind'' as being a ''gerku''. I think this would be misleading as 'only', though, because it's implying that you're not thinking of any other dogs as being ''le gerku''. I will not read this as 'only the dog', but as 'the one dog'. And I am not out of line to do so. Meta-Note: Using language is about being communicative first, and creative second. -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]].


Nazgul |nagzgu'ulu / jincrida |from Black Speech for "ring wraith"
lo pa djuno du le gerku


pit fiend |kevycrida
*cu du
*Yes, or even ''le gerku cu du ro djuno''


Olog-hai |olgoxai
le pa gerku poi djuno


guardian naga |bandu nagnaga
----


stone golem |rokci go'olme
''le pa gerku poi djuno''


nalfeshnee |nualfecni
i mo le pa gerku poi djuno


baluchitherium |bralotciterio
co'e


sandestin |sandestine
.i di'u .ue steci za'a la jbonai (Only in Lojbanistan...)


aligned priest |jdaca'i pe la cevn |I gather they are always referred to as aligned to a particular deity.
''So what has "the one dog that knows" got to do with "only"?''


shopkeeper |terzai
-----


vampire lord |blupinxe nobli
Since we are in a logical language, consider what logic says: Only S are P is


skeleton |bogygreku
All P are S.  In the case above, {ro djuno cu du le gerku}Other cases more intersting. pc >|8}
 
shade |ti'orcrida
 
ice devil |bisycrida
 
hell hound |fagyge'u
 
guard |srobadgau
 
captain |jatna sonci
 
disenchanter |nilmafyjdikygau / nilmafyjdikygaucrida
 
prisoner |pinfu
 
trapper |kavbu
 
lich |li'itcie
 
frost giant |bisybracrida
 
ettin |iotnu|From ''jötunn'', its Norse cognate
 
Oracle |bavjuncrida
 
bone devil |bogycrida
 
baby yellow dragon |cifnu ke pelxu drakone
 
baby white dragon |cifnu ke blabi drakone
 
baby silver dragon |cifnu ke rijnyska drakone
 
baby red dragon |cifnu ke xunre drakone
 
baby orange dragon |cifnu ke narju drakone
 
baby green dragon |cifnu ke crino drakone
 
baby gray dragon |cifnu ke grusi drakone
 
baby blue dragon |cifnu ke blanu drakone
 
baby black dragon |cifnu ke xekri drakone
 
titanothere |tintanotero
 
mind flayer |bencticrida |(could be confused with the word for 'zombie')
 
water troll |djacu tro'olo
 
nurse |mikce sidju
 
golden naga |solska nagnaga
 
vampire |blupinxe |(from jbovlaste)
 
Aleax |ale'aks
 
hezrou |ezru
 
clay golem |kliti go'olme
 
watch captain |pulji jatna
 
valkyrie |valkiure
 
tourist |vitke
 
samurai |sarmrai
 
rogue |zerle'acrepre
 
lieutenant |vipyjatna sonci
 
knight |xirklada'a
 
black pudding |xe'ijdu
 
barbarian |cicpre / cicyda'a
 
archeologist |tolci'oce'uskepre
 
ghost |ruxycrida
 
wizard |mafpre
 
ranger |ricfoisoi
 
priestess |jdaca'ini'u
 
priest |jdaca'inau
 
healer |mikce
 
elf |alfa
 
cavewoman |kevni'u
 
caveman |kevnau
 
lurker above |galselmipri
 
queen bee |balmambifce
 
ice troll |bisli tro'olo
 
rock troll |rokci tro'olo
 
umber hulk |umbru tsacrida
 
salamander |salmandera
 
fire giant |fagbracrida
 
monk |sepxa'u jdapre
 
Elvenking |alfa nolraitru
 
winged gargoyle |selna'i gargoile
 
ogre king |ogre nolraitru
 
doppelganger |tamfu'i?
 
zruty |ozruti
 
giant mimic |brabrafukcrida
 
water demon |ja'urcrida
 
couatl |sincrkua
 
vrock |vro'oko
 
marilith |marliti
 
xorn |ogzorno
 
elf-lord |alfa nobli
 
electric eel |dicfi'e
 
flesh golem |rectu go'olme
 
barbed devil |selkemkiljirnykepcrida ? / selkiljirnycrida ?
 
hill giant |ma'arbracrida
 
erinys |enrinu
 
fire vortex |carna fagycrida
 
fire elemental |fagycrida
 
black naga |xekri nagnaga
 
water elemental |jaurcrida
 
earth elemental |dercrida
 
air elemental |varcrida
 
sergeant |vipyvipyjatna sonci
 
giant mummy |barda esxaxa |from Egyptian ''sʕḥ''
 
cobra |mapsince
 
long worm |clacurnu
 
horned devil |seljirnycrida
 
wumpus |uumpusu
 
steam vortex |carna jaurgapcycrida
 
stalker |je'ircrida
 
large mimic |brafukcrida
 
giant zombie |barda inzambi
 
baby purple worm |cifnu zircru
 
baby long worm |cifnu clacurnu
 
shark |skualu
 
glass piercer |blacykilgrecrida ?
 
xan |blusfani|bangrmaia valsi
 
winter wolf |durlabno
 
hell hound pup |cifnu fagyge'u
 
energy vortex |carna nencrida
 
warhorse |jamxi'a
 
troll |tro'olo
 
ogre lord |ogre nobli
 
sasquatch |tse'ekca |from Halkomelem ''sέsq'əč''
 
pit viper |glaga'esince
 
quantum mechanic |kantyskepre
 
mountain centaur |cmana kentauro
 
green slime |ri'orpesxu
 
cockatrice |kalkatore
 
stone giant |rokybracrida
 
giant |bracrida
 
succubus |selcpanygle
 
incubus |cpanygle
 
wraith |reifte
 
djinni |dji'ini
 
wood golem |mudri go'olme
 
warg |uarga
 
small mimic |cmafukcrida
 
ettin mummy |iotnu esxaxa
 
shocking sphere |dicyboi
 
freezing sphere |dujgauboi
 
flaming sphere |jelboi
 
ochre jelly |najypeljdu
 
dwarf king |duorfo nolraitru
 
red naga |xunre nagnaga
 
python |sincrpitone
 
pyrolisk |piurlisko
 
gargoyle |gargoile
 
watchman |badgaupre
 
soldier |sonci
 
Grey-elf |grusi alfa
 
leocrotta |le'onkrokuta? le'onkrota?|krokuta is hyena. A leocrotta is a mix of lion and hyena.
 
gelatinous cube |jdukubli
 
carnivorous ape |recyctismani
 
tiger |tirxu
 
rust monster |tirjvekijycrida ? |Very uncertain about the word for 'rust'
 
guide |gidva
 
apprentice |cilre
 
acolyte |atkoliuto
 
scorpion |ja'urjukni
 
abbot |adba
 
forest centaur |ricfoi kentauro
 
gremlin |grelmini
 
giant eel |barda .angila
 
chickatrice |cifnu kalkatore
 
owlbear |glauka zei cribe
 
barrow wight |mrodrecrida
 
tengu |tange'u
 
large dog |brage'u
 
large cat |bramlatu
 
ice vortex |carna bisycrida
 
leather golem |skapi go'olme
 
human mummy |remna esxaxa |from Egyptian ''sʕḥ''
 
ettin zombie |iotnu inzambi
 
elf mummy |alfa esxaxa |from Egyptian ''sʕḥ''
 
crocodile |krokodilo
 
chameleon |skabixrespa ?
 
black light |xekygu'i
 
mumak |braxanto ?
 
warrior |jamna
 
vampire bat |vampiro
 
thug |ta'adga
 
roshi |sarmrai sidju ?
 
page |xirklada'a sidju ?
 
orc-captain |uerko ja'arsoi / urko ja'arsoi
 
ninja |ni'inja
 
winter wolf cub |cifnu durlabno
 
giant spider |brajukni
 
student |tadypre
 
ogre |ogre
 
neanderthal |ne'andertala
 
hunter |katpre
 
horse |xirma
 
Green-elf |crino alfa
 
chieftain |lazyja'a
 
attendant |ku'ipre ? / tercpe ?
 
yeti |ietri
 
panther |pantera
 
lynx |liunko |from Greek lünkos (gen.)
 
werewolf |labnybi'o remna
 
water moccasin |ankistrodonti ?  gexydensince ?
 
quasit |kuatsi
 
iron piercer |tirkilgrecrida ?
 
werewolf |rembi'o labno
 
spotted jelly |velba'armo'ajdu ?
 
gnome king |gegnomo nolraitru
 
quivering blob |desyjdu
 
wolf |labno
 
piranha |pinrania
 
orc mummy |urko esxaxa / uerko esxaxa |from Egyptian ''sʕḥ''
 
lizard |tupsince
 
gold golem |solji go'olme
 
giant beetle |bracinki
 
dwarf mummy |duorfo esxaxa |from Egyptian ''sʕḥ''
 
brown pudding |burjdu ?
 
dust vortex |carna pu'ercrida
 
white unicorn |blabi pavyseljirna
 
gray unicorn |grusi pavyseljirna
 
black unicorn |xekri pavyseljirna
 
dwarf lord |duorfo nobli
 
plains centaur |pintu'a kentauro
 
snake |since
 
Woodland-elf |ricfoi alfa
 
raven |cipnrkorvo
 
Kop Kaptain |jatna pulji
 
rope golem |skori go'olme
 
jaguar |janguara
 
ape |remsmismani
 
soldier ant |sonmanti
 
fire ant |xunmanti
 
blue jelly |blajdu
 
housecat |zdamlatu
 
dog |gerku
 
dingo |di'ingo
 
yellow light |pelgusni
 
human zombie |remna inzambi
 
gnome mummy |gegnomo esxaxa |from Egyptian ''sʕḥ''
 
orc shaman |uerko jdaka'i / urko jdaka'i
 
gnomish wizard |gegnomo mafcre
 
violet fungus |zirmledi
 
jellyfish |jduxasyda'u
 
Uruk-hai |urxukai
 
Mordor orc |me la mordor urko (uerko)
 
Kop Lieutenant |vipyjatna pulji
 
bugbear |ribycrida
 
wood nymph |tricu niumpe |From Greek ''nüm===ph===ê''
 
water nymph |djacu niumpe |From Greek ''nüm===ph===ê''
 
mountain nymph |cmana niumpe |From Greek ''nüm===ph===ê''
 
lemure |mlemure
 
ghoul |mrofoicrida
 
killer bee |catrybifce
 
leprechaun |lerpekono
 
fog cloud |bumdilnu
 
woodchuck |marmota
 
rock mole |rokci kakmabru
 
imp |impi
 
gnome lord |gegnomo nobli
 
pony |cmaxirma
 
straw golem |stani go'olme
 
rock piercer |ro'irkilgrecrida ?
 
red naga hatchling |cifnu ke xunre nagnaga
 
paper golem |pelji go'olme
 
kobold mummy |kolbodo esxaxa |from Egyptian ''sʕḥ''
 
guardian naga hatchling |cifnu ke bandu nagnaga
 
gray ooze |rusyviknu ?
 
golden naga hatchling |cifnu ke sloska nagnaga
 
elf zombie |alfa inzambi
 
black naga hatchling |cifnu ke xekri nagnaga
 
baby crocodile |cifnu krokodilo
 
kobold shaman |kolbodo jdaka'i
 
Kop Sergeant |vipyvipyjatna pulji
 
hill orc |cmama'a urko / cmama'a uerko
 
dwarf |duorfo
 
giant ant |bramanti
 
centipede |sortupcinki
 
wererat |rembi'o ratcu
 
werejackal |rembi'o djakale
 
rothe |baklanme|According to Wikipedia, it's like a musk ox.
 
rabid rat |tolvutu ratcu ?
 
monkey |smani
 
wererat |ratcybi'o remna
 
werejackal |djakale zei binxo remna
 
kobold lord |kolbodo nobli
 
giant bat |bravolmabru
 
little dog |cmage'u
 
kitten |cifmlatu
 
homunculus |remtarbi ?
 
orc zombie |urko inzambi / uerko inzambi
 
iguana |igvana
 
floating eye |fulkanla
 
dwarf zombie |duorfo inzambi
 
orc |urko ? uerko ? | * bancus points out that "orc" is from Elvish orch, so orxo would be more appropriate
 
Keystone Kop |pulji
 
hobgoblin |robgoblino
 
gnome |gegnomo
 
manes |menpruxi ?
 
garter snake |tamnofi
 
cave spider |kevjunki
 
shrieker |kixycrida
 
large kobold |barda kolbodo
 
hobbit |olbitla
 
gas spore |pojmledi ? pojgumri ?
 
red mold |xunmledi
 
green mold |ri'ormledi
 
brown mold |burmledi
 
acid blob |slami vikydilnu ?
 
yellow mold |pelmledi
 
gnome zombie |gegnomo inzambi
 
giant rat |braratcu
 
gecko |nipyrespa
 
coyote |sagyge'u ?
 
human |remna
 
bat |volmabru
 
kobold |kolbodo
 
goblin |golbino
 
lichen |clika
 
fox |lorxu
 
sewer rat |fesyjacratcu
 
newt |salmandera
 
kobold zombie |kolbodo inzambi
 
jackal |djakale
 
grid bug |gredile cinki||

Latest revision as of 14:56, 23 March 2014

Ways to say only:

  • po'o
    • la djan po'o klama le zarci
    • la djan joi la meris po'o klama le zarci
  • ropa
    • ??
  • du ro
    • la djan du ro le klama be le zarci
    • la djan joi la meris du ro le klama be le zarci
  • pamei
    • ??
  • romei
    • la djan romei lei klama be le zarci
    • la djan joi la meris romei lei klama be le zarci
  • .e no drata
    • la djan e no drata cu klama le zarci
    • la djan joi la meris e no drata cu klama le zarci
  • se steci : x1 is/are the only one(s) with property x2 among x3
    • la djan se steci le ka ce'u klama le zarci
    • la djan joi la meris se steci le ka ce'u klama le zarci

I never see ro le broda being used for a single broda, for example, and it is rare to find le broda referring to more than one.

ro le broda is going to be pretty non-intuitive to non-natives. It also has some potential to be accidentally wrong. --Jay

I've had occasion to do that to the past (I assume you're referring to ro le broda as a singular), because I predate po'o, and never liked it. (In fact, I transferred my Lojban for 'only' (.e no drata) into Klingon, because I'd mislearnt that neH meant po'o after nouns, not .uenai (merely) as it does after verbs.) At any rate, I had said in the past "all one of them", but in that case I certainly said the "one": ropa le broda. See [1] and ropa and ropamei in the archives. (I'm seeing Nora in [2] saying ropa should be 'any one of', but surely that's silly. To my unsurprise, ropa is unmentioned in the refgramm.) -- nitcion

ro pa broda cu brode might mean that only one broda is a brode, (i.e., no other broda) but not that one broda is the only one that is a brode. Indeed ro is redundant there, because pa by itself already means one and only one.

  • But that's why 'ropa' shouldn't just mean 'all of the one and only one', but 'all of them -- i.e. one and only one'. That way, ro pa broda cu brode is true when both ro broda cu brode is true and pa broda cu brode is true. Because ro and pa are both digits, this is not an issue for quantification scope: ro pa broda != ro lo pa broda. None of this is codified in the refgramm, mind you; this is how I have used it (a lot) in the past, but I think it's still useful. -- nitcion.
    • It still doesn't make sense. You can claim ro cevni cu xamgu and pa cevni cu xamgu, and that does not mean that "only god is good", it in no way precludes that so'i gerku cu xamgu, for example. It means "The only god is good" (one god = all gods), but we want to say something else: "only god is good". -- mi'e xorxes
      • You're quite right. In weasely self-defense, what I was actually doing was ropamei le'i xamgu -- nitcion.
        • That works, but romei is enough. ropamei when there is only one, but 'only' can also be used with 'only two', 'only three', and so on. Agreed -- nitcion

What does lo pa broda mean?

Fully expanded, su'o pa lo pa broda: at least one out of the one thing in the world which can be described (veridically) as the x1 of broda. Since brivla typically describe more than one thing, it's hard to find examples, so let's settle for lo pa cevni be le xebro. (There is not only one God for all religions, but there is only one God for that religion.)

And why is this unusable for "only"?

le pa gerku cu djuno

Only the dog knows.

  • Where is the only there? That says that the one dog knows, it doesn't say anything about anyone else knowing or not. (The cat for example.)

Exactly which dog is specified by context.

Ah, but le pa (= ro le pa) is different to lo pa: le pa is the one thing you have in mind as being a gerku. I think this would be misleading as 'only', though, because it's implying that you're not thinking of any other dogs as being le gerku. I will not read this as 'only the dog', but as 'the one dog'. And I am not out of line to do so. Meta-Note: Using language is about being communicative first, and creative second. -- nitcion.

lo pa djuno du le gerku

  • cu du
  • Yes, or even le gerku cu du ro djuno

le pa gerku poi djuno


le pa gerku poi djuno

i mo le pa gerku poi djuno

co'e

.i di'u .ue steci za'a la jbonai (Only in Lojbanistan...)

So what has "the one dog that knows" got to do with "only"?


Since we are in a logical language, consider what logic says: Only S are P is

All P are S. In the case above, {ro djuno cu du le gerku}. Other cases more intersting. pc >|8}