observative

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For the Lojbanists interested in history: a grammatical comparison of Loglan vs Lojban


    • borrowing = fu'ivla
    • complex, CPX = lujvo (hence pluja valsi)
    • metaphor = tanru
    • little word, LW = cmavo (hence cmalu valsi!)
    • GMR (Great Morphological Revolution) = introduction of rafsi system into the language (pre-split)
  • Phonetics/Orthography
    • Vowels
      • diphthongs are ai, ei, oi, ao (= Lojban au)
      • optional diphthongs are iV, uV
      • all other vowel pairs are pronounced with glides
      • no equivalent of ', so no contrast like ai/a'i
    • Consonants
      • role of x is taken by h
      • Extra letters (used only in names, borrowings):
        • x, pronounced as in Lojban
        • q, IPA T = English unvoiced "th"
        • w, IPA y = German �, French u
    • Capitalization follows the pattern standard for the European languages: used in the beginning of a sentence and for proper names. Nonstandard stress is marked by an apostrophe preceding the stressed syllable.
  • Morphology
    • basically the same at time of split
    • Loglan has added a new rule: in any lujvo beginning CVCC, where CC is a permissible initial, change to CVCyC. This eliminates the need for the slinku'i test (according to TLI)
  • Vocabulary
    • Gismu
      • formed on the same principles
      • very different in detail due to different weights (much more English-y) and presence of h instead of x
      • see also Borrowing from Loglan
      • don't necessarily have just one of CVC, CCV, or CVV forms, but maximum is still three
    • Fu'ivla
      • often use h-clusters to "solve" morphological problems (e.g. athomi = x1 is an atom)
    • Cmavo
      • show various "sound law" changes, e.g. Loglan gu = Lojban ku (but much more general "universal" terminator), Loglan no = Lojban na, Loglan noi = Lojban nai, Loglan keks = Lojban geks, Loglan ceks = Lojban jeks.
  • Grammar
    • masses/sets
    • abstraction
    • modals
    • tenses
    • relative clauses
    • Imperative
      • formed by omitting the x1 argument
    • mekso
    • attitudinals
    • negation
    • ??? what else
  • Usage/Style