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'''fu'ivla''' is a morphologically defined [[brivla]] in Lojban, a "borrowed word" (with the literal meaning | '''fu'ivla''' is a morphologically defined [[brivla]] (verb word) in Lojban, a "borrowed word" (with the literal meaning ''copy word''). | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Formerly called ''le'avla'', a more literal [[calque]] of | Formerly called '''le'avla''', a more literal [[calque]] of "loan word". | ||
*[[pne]]: | *[[pne]]: | ||
* | **The shift from '''le'avla''' to '''fu'ivla''' may have come from Colin Fine<ref>http://balance.wiw.org/~jkominek/lojban/9305/msg00075.html</ref> who wanted to start using '''fu'ivla''' instead of '''le'avla'''. At that time, there appears to have been a little discussion as to whether '''fu'ivla''' was a better word for the concept<ref>http://balance.wiw.org/~jkominek/lojban/9305/threads.html#00076</ref>. | ||
==Types of fu'ivla== | ==Types of fu'ivla== | ||
There are four ways to borrow a word into Lojban, with increasing degree of integration: | There are four ways to borrow a word into Lojban, with increasing degree of integration: | ||
Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
**[[mark]]: | **[[mark]]: | ||
*** It is OK for noun-like brivla, but less fitting for verb-like brivla, which might have other places. Granted, noun-like ones are much more common. Still, even something like '''cmacrnintegrali''' (''integral'' in the calculus sense) is likely to have a place structure like ''x1 is the integral of x2 with respect to variable x3'' or some such. These other places can't always be intuited for Type 3 and Type 4 fu'ivla. | *** It is OK for noun-like brivla, but less fitting for verb-like brivla, which might have other places. Granted, noun-like ones are much more common. Still, even something like '''cmacrnintegrali''' (''integral'' in the calculus sense) is likely to have a place structure like ''x1 is the integral of x2 with respect to variable x3'' or some such. These other places can't always be intuited for Type 3 and Type 4 fu'ivla. | ||
*[[Type 3 fu'ivla]]: [[gismu]] + buffer consonant(s) + Lojbanized word. E.g. '''mabrnfaskolarkto''' | *[[Type 3 fu'ivla]]: [[gismu]] + buffer consonant(s) + Lojbanized word. E.g. '''mabrnfaskolarkto''' | ||
**[[CLL]] indicates that the canonical form of fu'ivla morphologically is Type 3, with four-letter [[rafsi]] prefixes. | **[[CLL]] indicates that the canonical form of fu'ivla morphologically is Type 3, with four-letter [[rafsi]] prefixes. | ||
***[[rab.spir|rab.spir | ***[[rab.spir|rab.spir]]: | ||
**** Four-letter prefixes are recommended only because if you use a three-letter prefix and don't check for a consonant cluster, you might end up making a non-fu'ivla. With tools like [[vlatai|vlatai]] at our disposal, we shouldn't be afraid of 3-letter rafsi prefixes, which can sometimes give nicer, less "crunchy" words ('''djarspageti''', for example, is much nicer than '''cidjrspageti'''). | **** Four-letter prefixes are recommended only because if you use a three-letter prefix and don't check for a consonant cluster, you might end up making a non-fu'ivla. With tools like [[vlatai|vlatai]] at our disposal, we shouldn't be afraid of 3-letter rafsi prefixes, which can sometimes give nicer, less "crunchy" words ('''djarspageti''', for example, is much nicer than '''cidjrspageti'''). | ||
*** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion | *** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]: | ||
**** Generic ideological objections: (1) the 4-letter version is completely predictable, the 3-letter isn't; (2) I won't be running vlatai in face-to-face interaction; (3) of course fu'ivla should be crunchy -- how else will I realise immediately they aren't lujvo? | **** Generic ideological objections: (1) the 4-letter version is completely predictable, the 3-letter isn't; (2) I won't be running vlatai in face-to-face interaction; (3) of course fu'ivla should be crunchy -- how else will I realise immediately they aren't lujvo? | ||
** [[phma]]: | ** [[phma]]: | ||
*** 3-letter rafsi fu'ivla are valid type 3 only if the rafsi is of CVC form. At least that's what vlatai thinks. | *** 3-letter rafsi fu'ivla are valid type 3 only if the rafsi is of CVC form. At least that's what vlatai thinks. | ||
**** [[rab.spir|rab.spir | **** [[rab.spir|rab.spir]]: | ||
***** My copy of vlatai parses '''djarspageti '''just fine. | ***** My copy of vlatai parses '''djarspageti '''just fine. | ||
**** Do make sure you're using the absolutely latest vlatai. It was a target of many bug fixes in 0.37 | **** Do make sure you're using the absolutely latest vlatai. It was a target of many bug fixes in 0.37 | ||
**** No convention exists for what vowel to choose as the final vowel of a loan word, if it ends in a consonant in the source language, and that language's morphology does not suggest a suitable final vowel (unlike the case for [[Borrowing words from Graeco-Latin|Latin]]. | **** No convention exists for what vowel to choose as the final vowel of a loan word, if it ends in a consonant in the source language, and that language's morphology does not suggest a suitable final vowel (unlike the case for [[Borrowing words from Graeco-Latin|Latin]]). [[User:Nick Nicholas|Nick Nicholas]] proposes in the [http://ptolemy.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/lessons/less12fuhivla.html lessons] that the final vowel simply be repeated; e.g. Mamluke - '''mamluk '''=> '''prenrmamluk<u>u</u>'''. | ||
****Another (previous?) proposal was that the final vowel of the gismu used as prefix be used: '''pren-r-mamluk-u''' (in this case happily both conventions agree) | ****Another (previous?) proposal was that the final vowel of the gismu used as prefix be used: '''pren-r-mamluk-u''' (in this case happily both conventions agree) | ||
*****Counterexample: '''zgik<u>e</u>''' + '''r<u>o</u>k''' -> '''zgikrnrok<u>o</u>''' vs. '''zgikrnrok<u>e</u>'''. | *****Counterexample: '''zgik<u>e</u>''' + '''r<u>o</u>k''' -> '''zgikrnrok<u>o</u>''' vs. '''zgikrnrok<u>e</u>'''. |
Latest revision as of 12:30, 30 September 2014
- fu'ivla
- Borrowed word
fu'ivla is a morphologically defined brivla (verb word) in Lojban, a "borrowed word" (with the literal meaning copy word).
History
Formerly called le'avla, a more literal calque of "loan word".
- pne:
Types of fu'ivla
There are four ways to borrow a word into Lojban, with increasing degree of integration:
- Type 1 fu'ivla: me la'o ly. + word in original spelling + ly. E.g. me la'o ly. Phascolarctos .ly.
- ly. is for Latin since we borrow this word from Latin. However, any other letter is possible. Officially, the choice of word is quite arbitrary. People get used to gy. (from glico - English).
- Another variant on Method 1 is me la'e zoi gy. Phascolarctos .gy.
- And Rosta:
- Methods 1 & 2 are also less integrated syntactically. me has only an x1 (x2 was almost never used). Hence they won't work for fu'ivla that need to be polyadic.
- Type 2 fu'ivla: me la + Lojbanized cmevla. E.g. me la faskolerktos.
- mark:
- It is OK for noun-like brivla, but less fitting for verb-like brivla, which might have other places. Granted, noun-like ones are much more common. Still, even something like cmacrnintegrali (integral in the calculus sense) is likely to have a place structure like x1 is the integral of x2 with respect to variable x3 or some such. These other places can't always be intuited for Type 3 and Type 4 fu'ivla.
- mark:
- Type 3 fu'ivla: gismu + buffer consonant(s) + Lojbanized word. E.g. mabrnfaskolarkto
- CLL indicates that the canonical form of fu'ivla morphologically is Type 3, with four-letter rafsi prefixes.
- rab.spir:
- Four-letter prefixes are recommended only because if you use a three-letter prefix and don't check for a consonant cluster, you might end up making a non-fu'ivla. With tools like vlatai at our disposal, we shouldn't be afraid of 3-letter rafsi prefixes, which can sometimes give nicer, less "crunchy" words (djarspageti, for example, is much nicer than cidjrspageti).
- nitcion:
- Generic ideological objections: (1) the 4-letter version is completely predictable, the 3-letter isn't; (2) I won't be running vlatai in face-to-face interaction; (3) of course fu'ivla should be crunchy -- how else will I realise immediately they aren't lujvo?
- rab.spir:
- phma:
- 3-letter rafsi fu'ivla are valid type 3 only if the rafsi is of CVC form. At least that's what vlatai thinks.
- rab.spir:
- My copy of vlatai parses djarspageti just fine.
- Do make sure you're using the absolutely latest vlatai. It was a target of many bug fixes in 0.37
- No convention exists for what vowel to choose as the final vowel of a loan word, if it ends in a consonant in the source language, and that language's morphology does not suggest a suitable final vowel (unlike the case for Latin). Nick Nicholas proposes in the lessons that the final vowel simply be repeated; e.g. Mamluke - mamluk => prenrmamluku.
- Another (previous?) proposal was that the final vowel of the gismu used as prefix be used: pren-r-mamluk-u (in this case happily both conventions agree)
- Counterexample: zgike + rok -> zgikrnroko vs. zgikrnroke.
- I think you've added an extra hyphen to zgiknroko and zgiknroke. I've never heard of nrock music.
- The advantage the former proposal has is that it is also usable for Type 4 fu'ivla, whereas the latter is only usable for Type 3.
- I think you've added an extra hyphen to zgiknroko and zgiknroke. I've never heard of nrock music.
- Counterexample: zgike + rok -> zgikrnroko vs. zgikrnroke.
- rab.spir:
- 3-letter rafsi fu'ivla are valid type 3 only if the rafsi is of CVC form. At least that's what vlatai thinks.
- CLL indicates that the canonical form of fu'ivla morphologically is Type 3, with four-letter rafsi prefixes.
- Type 4 fu'ivla: Lojbanized word, with clusters to guarantee it will not fall apart morphologically. E.g. fasxo larto