capitals as letter names: Difference between revisions

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jarco is broken, it's just a question of how. Either:
Capital letters, instead of indicating nonstandard stress, should represent their lerfu. "A" = "abu", "B" = "by.", etc. --xod


* jarco means "x1 showes itself to have property x2", which is of limited utility and contradicted by its notes, OR
* I like this idea. Nonstandard stress could always fall back on accented vowels. Acronyms in Lojban are currently very difficult to read, and in fact some people already use capital letters as lerfu to counter this. (In a recent thread I saw {JJM} used to refer to {jorne jecta co merko}.) Additionally, this gives a pronunciation to [[jbocre: selma'o|selma'o]] names. NIhO = {ny.ibu.y'y.obu}. And of course it opens up fascinating new avenues for [[jbocre: abuse of the orthography|abuse of the orthography]]. --[[jbocre: rab.spir|rab.spir]]
* jarco means "x1 shows something unspecifiable to have property x2", which is just plain broken
** I hope we come up with a better solution to the selma'o naming controversy than that! Whatever the name of NIhO in Lojban, I hope it involves the string ''ni'o'' and not ''NIhO''. -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]


Both Bob and John believe that the second option is true, and that the problem is that jarco uses the old (pre-du'u) definition of ka. This is borne out by the following phrase in the notes: (simple presence could be expressed by leka [[jbocre: object|object]] cu zvati), which is totally illegal under the current ka.
* Inevitable vote against this. -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]. :-) (Oh, and ''that'''s what JJM meant. This phobia of using plain ''merko'', I still cannot fathom...)
** The phobia might come from the issue of the Americas (North, Central, South) calling themselves that. Hence why I suggested ''steito''. Or it might come from the strange desire some people have to use acronyms with no referents and watch people try to guess the meaning. -- [[jbocre: rab.spir|rab.spir]]


I'm not sure how to fix this.  I think the right thing is to put a "thing having property" place between the x2 and x3. Fixes the problem, doesn't screw usage too badly (I doubt anyone much used the x3), and doesn't put the thing far away from its property in the place structure) as making the thing the x4 would. I'm totally open to suggestions, though.
** One of these days, I'll make a Lojban aphorism of "the purpose of Lojban is to be clear, not cute." (''jmibirti jenai zdile tutci se krinu la lojban.'') Meanwhile, people, merko = U.S. merko != America. bemro joi ketco = America. The etymology of gismu is utterly irrelevant. -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]].
** I wrote JJM because the guy I was quoting wrote USA. If he had said America I'd have said merko. -[[jbocre: cmeclax|cmeclax]]


Bob notes that we need to look for other cases.
* I don't totally like this, but on the other hand it isn't all that horrible. After all, the use as nonstandard stress and the use as lerfu don't conflict. Nonstandard stress would almost always have mixed case in a word (stressing a whole cmavo would only be necessary in poetry, where I would not think one would use the lerfu convention, for precision's sake), and lerfu- capitals would be all-caps. --mi'e mark.
* I don't see why this would be a problem if you're not looking for it to be parsed. Also, why just capital letters? A string of lowercase consonants is probably an acronym. -- [[jbocre: Adam|Adam]]


There are 163 gismu that contain "propert" or the word "ka". They are listed below. I would like someone else to check them, please. I do enough around here.  You're looking for "ka" (or, equivalently, "property" places) for which the thing having the property is in any way unclear.
** The island off Dalmatia is called ''la krk''; a string of lowercase consonants is not always an acronym. Mind you, if it's not a cmene, it might be safe to interpret it as an acronym; but I think this is more unsettling than the orthographic tricks I've been allowing myself (optional punctuation, numerals for numbers.) -- [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]].
* I've always found capitals as stress to be ugly. On the Wiki, bold works. In e-mail, this could be done with a ^ or other character which has no relevance to Lojban otherwise, preceding the accented vowel. --[[jbocre: rab.spir|rab.spir]]


---------------
** Try using ''h'' where an acute accent mark is impossible. It looks better than ^. -- [[jbocre: Adam|Adam]]
*** But ''h'' is already used as a capital ''y'y''! We should probably try not to break two conventions in doing this, even if one is really obscure. I suppose using ''q'' or ''w'' would return to ugliness. --[[jbocre: rab.spir|rab.spir]]


Of the 163 gismu listed, there are seven ('''cmima, gunma, lacpu, lenjo, minra, ratni, selci''') that seem to be there by accident.
** I prefer a ` mark or a ^ mark and never an "h", to indicate nonstandard stress: {nu,`iork} or {nu,^iork}, but not {nu,IORK} or {nu,hiork}. --xod
** I feel we should have an acute accent for stress, grave for explicit unrounding and umlaut for explicit rounding. The grave and umlaut then are optional but help in writing to show the difference between, say, T�rkiye and *Tirkiye - one has an optionally-umlauted i in the lojbanization, while one has an optional grave accent - but both are correct if spelled ''tirki,ie'', insofar as I can call any type 4 [[jbocre: poo'ivla|poo'ivla]] "correct." - mi'e. [[jbocre: .kreig.daniyl.|.kreig.daniyl.]]


We can divide the remaining 156 in nine groups:
* No, capital letters, at least for A-F, should be reserved for abbreviating hexadecimal digits. --[[jbocre: tinkit|tinkit]]
** I suggested arbitrary symbols for that, in the very infrequent case when you need to talk about a lot of hex digits. This would be a terrible waste of the capital letters. At worst, say things like 83vei2gai. --[[jbocre: rab.spir|rab.spir]]


Group 1: x1 is XXX in property x2
** A-F have their own pronunciations in words. At least A and E, as stressed vowels. If we make them into digits, that could be confusing. I guess I never much liked the A-F convention for hex digits in the first place, Lojban aside. Ideally, they should have their own symbols. Maybe the shifted versions of 0-5 (as a mnemonic for the decimalized) on a standard keyboard? (there goes [[jbocre: cultural neutrality|cultural neutrality]]!) That gives: )!@#$% Woo.
** ga'i.ienai le namcu cmavo pe loi mupli be li 16 na morji srana lei lerfu .i le glico tcaci na cinri la lojban. .i mi fapro le re se stidi .i ku'i le pamoi se stidu cu lojbo jinzi se mukti .i le namcu se stidi cu lacri lo mulno bartu be la lojban. .i le jinzi cu jinga -- mi'e [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]].


(with eventual places such as by standard, under conditions, to observer, among members of set, etc.)
*It turns out this was also allowed in Loglan: ''Loglan 1'' (1989), p. 180:


This is the biggest group with 45+10 cases. The 45 are: '''banli barda bebna carmi caxno cenba cimni ckaji cmalu cnici condi curve daplu denmi dikni drani fadni jdika kalsa kandi kantu makcu manfo milxe mulno mupli mutce pindi pluja prane ralci ricfu rirci ruble sampu simlu stodi traji tsal vipsi vitci vitno vrici zasni zenba'''. The other 10 are: '''gradu ranxi satci suksa''', which have the property in x3 and a standard or similar in x2, '''cinmo ganse''', which are somewhat odd, '''darsi tarti troci''', which can take an event in x2 (makes more sense than a property), and '''girzu''', whose place structure needs clarifying.
;:Remember that each of the 100 three- and sx-letter words so generated may be represented in text in two ways: first, as a phonemically spelled word -- '''Tai''', for example, which translates the phrase 'capital tee' in English -- and second, by its single-letter abbreviation, in this case the letteral '''T'''. Both representations are pronounced as the word itself is spelled, in the case of '''T''' and '''Tai''' as [[jbocre: tigh|tigh]]. Thus the two differently written sentences: (1) '''Tai ditca''' "Tee is a teacher" (unusual in English text, but understandable) / taiDITca/ (2) '''T ditca''' "T is a teacher" /taiDITca/ are read aloud as the same utterance. This is exactly what we do when reading numerals aloud in English, of course. Thus 'He ate 3 doughnuts' and 'He ate three doughnuts' evoke exactly the same sounds.


Group 2: x1 is XXX to x2 in (x1's) property x3
* Acronyms need a consonant on the end like all good little cmene, don't they? This would probably mean "la JJMs". What also hasn't been mentioned is that this system wouldn't work if we wanted to sound out acronyms where applicable, like when pronouncing PETA as "peeduh", not "pee ee tee ay". Whether or not you use this convention in lojban doesn't change the fact that it is inevitable. If lojban had an acronym like "la py.ebuty.abus", it could and would be shortened to "la petas". --- mi'e .okus.
 
(a couple of them have by standard x4)
 
This group has 12+1 cases. The 12 are: '''cfipu cizra cnino fange mansa melbi slabu trina vajni xajmi zdile zunti'''. The other one is '''skicu''', which has an additional agent place in front.
 
Group 3: x1 reacts XXX to x2 due to (x2's) property x3
 
This group has 4+1 cases: '''ckasu ckire fengu jilra''', plus '''xrani''' in which x1 doesn't react to the property but rather affects it. (It is odd that xrani has this place structure but ckire doesn't, though.)
 
Group 4: x1 is XXX compared to x2 in property x3
 
This group has 16+3 cases: '''bancu darno dukti dunli frica jbini jibni jimte lamji mapti mleca panra ralju sarxe simsa zmadu''', and the odd 3: '''karbi''', which adds an agent in front, '''rimni''', which has the property in x4, and '''talsa''', which is somewhat strange and probably does not belong here.
 
Group 5: x1 is an XXX, characterized by x?
 
(usually with other intervening places)
 
This group has 22 cases: '''cedra cinse ciste citsi ckiku dinko fetsi jendu julne jurme klesi kruvi linsi nakni patxu pijne rafsi tansi tarci vidru xislu zbepi'''
 
Group 6: x1 (ka) is an XXX property of x2
 
This group has 10 cases: '''cfila cimde funca jinzi kampu ranji steci tcini tengu vrusi'''. It is not clear that all of these really need properties in x1.
 
Group 7: These contain a warning like this one in their definition:  "x? may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity". Some of them involve the transfer of this object/commodity and so presumably if it was a property it would apply to the old or to the new "owner".  
 
This group has 16 cases:  '''canja cirko cnemu dirba dunda friti jbera jdima jerna jinga kargu lebna pleji prali vamji vecnu'''
 
Group 8: In these, the property does not seem to apply to anything, and should probably be an event.
 
This group has 11 cases: '''bapli cmoni cumki jgira jicmu kajde kufra lakne pajni stika tsapi'''
 
Group 9: The remaining 5 cases:
 
'''ciksi'''  x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u)
 
'''cipra'''  x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass)
 
'''cnano'''  x1 [[jbocre: value|value]] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4
 
'''jarco'''  x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[[jbocre: reveals|reveals]]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3
 
'''sisku'''  x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set)
 
-------------------
 
bancu
 
banli
 
bapli
 
barda
 
bebna
 
canja
 
carmi
 
caxno
 
cedra
 
cenba
 
cfila
 
cfipu
 
ciksi
 
cimde
 
cimni
 
cinmo
 
cinse
 
cipra
 
cirko
 
ciste
 
citsi
 
cizra
 
ckaji
 
ckasu
 
ckiku
 
ckire
 
cmalu
 
cmima
 
cmoni
 
cnano
 
cnemu
 
cnici
 
cnino
 
condi
 
cumki
 
curve
 
daplu
 
darno
 
darsi
 
denmi
 
dikni
 
dinko
 
dirba
 
drani
 
dukti
 
dunda
 
dunli
 
fadni
 
fange
 
fengu
 
fetsi
 
frica
 
friti
 
funca
 
ganse
 
girzu
 
gradu
 
gunma
 
jarco
 
jbera
 
jbini
 
jdika
 
jdima
 
jendu
 
jerna
 
jgira
 
jibni
 
jicmu
 
jilra
 
jimte
 
jinga
 
jinzi
 
julne
 
jurme
 
kajde
 
kalsa
 
kampu
 
kandi
 
kantu
 
karbi
 
kargu
 
klesi
 
kruvi
 
kufra
 
lacpu
 
lakne
 
lamji
 
lebna
 
lenjo
 
linsi
 
makcu
 
manfo
 
mansa
 
mapti
 
melbi
 
milxe
 
minra
 
mleca
 
mulno
 
mupli
 
mutce
 
nakni
 
pajni
 
panra
 
patxu
 
pijne
 
pindi
 
pleji
 
pluja
 
prali
 
prane
 
rafsi
 
ralci
 
ralju
 
ranji
 
ranxi
 
ratni
 
ricfu
 
rimni
 
rirci
 
ruble
 
sampu
 
sarxe
 
satci
 
selci
 
simlu
 
simsa
 
sisku
 
skicu
 
slabu
 
steci
 
stika
 
stodi
 
suksa
 
talsa
 
tansi
 
tarci
 
tarti
 
tcini
 
tengu
 
traji
 
trina
 
troci
 
tsali
 
tsapi
 
vajni
 
vamji
 
vecnu
 
vidru
 
vipsi
 
vitci
 
vitno
 
vrici
 
vrusi
 
xajmi
 
xislu
 
xrani
 
zasni
 
zbepi
 
zdile
 
zenba
 
zmadu
 
zunti

Revision as of 16:45, 4 November 2013

Capital letters, instead of indicating nonstandard stress, should represent their lerfu. "A" = "abu", "B" = "by.", etc. --xod

  • I like this idea. Nonstandard stress could always fall back on accented vowels. Acronyms in Lojban are currently very difficult to read, and in fact some people already use capital letters as lerfu to counter this. (In a recent thread I saw {JJM} used to refer to {jorne jecta co merko}.) Additionally, this gives a pronunciation to selma'o names. NIhO = {ny.ibu.y'y.obu}. And of course it opens up fascinating new avenues for abuse of the orthography. --rab.spir
    • I hope we come up with a better solution to the selma'o naming controversy than that! Whatever the name of NIhO in Lojban, I hope it involves the string ni'o and not NIhO. -- nitcion
  • Inevitable vote against this. -- nitcion. :-) (Oh, and that's what JJM meant. This phobia of using plain merko, I still cannot fathom...)
    • The phobia might come from the issue of the Americas (North, Central, South) calling themselves that. Hence why I suggested steito. Or it might come from the strange desire some people have to use acronyms with no referents and watch people try to guess the meaning. -- rab.spir
    • One of these days, I'll make a Lojban aphorism of "the purpose of Lojban is to be clear, not cute." (jmibirti jenai zdile tutci se krinu la lojban.) Meanwhile, people, merko = U.S. merko != America. bemro joi ketco = America. The etymology of gismu is utterly irrelevant. -- nitcion.
    • I wrote JJM because the guy I was quoting wrote USA. If he had said America I'd have said merko. -cmeclax
  • I don't totally like this, but on the other hand it isn't all that horrible. After all, the use as nonstandard stress and the use as lerfu don't conflict. Nonstandard stress would almost always have mixed case in a word (stressing a whole cmavo would only be necessary in poetry, where I would not think one would use the lerfu convention, for precision's sake), and lerfu- capitals would be all-caps. --mi'e mark.
  • I don't see why this would be a problem if you're not looking for it to be parsed. Also, why just capital letters? A string of lowercase consonants is probably an acronym. -- Adam
    • The island off Dalmatia is called la krk; a string of lowercase consonants is not always an acronym. Mind you, if it's not a cmene, it might be safe to interpret it as an acronym; but I think this is more unsettling than the orthographic tricks I've been allowing myself (optional punctuation, numerals for numbers.) -- nitcion.
  • I've always found capitals as stress to be ugly. On the Wiki, bold works. In e-mail, this could be done with a ^ or other character which has no relevance to Lojban otherwise, preceding the accented vowel. --rab.spir
    • Try using h where an acute accent mark is impossible. It looks better than ^. -- Adam
      • But h is already used as a capital y'y! We should probably try not to break two conventions in doing this, even if one is really obscure. I suppose using q or w would return to ugliness. --rab.spir
    • I prefer a ` mark or a ^ mark and never an "h", to indicate nonstandard stress: {nu,`iork} or {nu,^iork}, but not {nu,IORK} or {nu,hiork}. --xod
    • I feel we should have an acute accent for stress, grave for explicit unrounding and umlaut for explicit rounding. The grave and umlaut then are optional but help in writing to show the difference between, say, T�rkiye and *Tirkiye - one has an optionally-umlauted i in the lojbanization, while one has an optional grave accent - but both are correct if spelled tirki,ie, insofar as I can call any type 4 poo'ivla "correct." - mi'e. .kreig.daniyl.
  • No, capital letters, at least for A-F, should be reserved for abbreviating hexadecimal digits. --tinkit
    • I suggested arbitrary symbols for that, in the very infrequent case when you need to talk about a lot of hex digits. This would be a terrible waste of the capital letters. At worst, say things like 83vei2gai. --rab.spir
    • A-F have their own pronunciations in words. At least A and E, as stressed vowels. If we make them into digits, that could be confusing. I guess I never much liked the A-F convention for hex digits in the first place, Lojban aside. Ideally, they should have their own symbols. Maybe the shifted versions of 0-5 (as a mnemonic for the decimalized) on a standard keyboard? (there goes cultural neutrality!) That gives: )!@#$% Woo.
    • ga'i.ienai le namcu cmavo pe loi mupli be li 16 na morji srana lei lerfu .i le glico tcaci na cinri la lojban. .i mi fapro le re se stidi .i ku'i le pamoi se stidu cu lojbo jinzi se mukti .i le namcu se stidi cu lacri lo mulno bartu be la lojban. .i le jinzi cu jinga -- mi'e nitcion.
  • It turns out this was also allowed in Loglan: Loglan 1 (1989), p. 180:
Remember that each of the 100 three- and sx-letter words so generated may be represented in text in two ways
first, as a phonemically spelled word -- Tai, for example, which translates the phrase 'capital tee' in English -- and second, by its single-letter abbreviation, in this case the letteral T. Both representations are pronounced as the word itself is spelled, in the case of T and Tai as tigh. Thus the two differently written sentences: (1) Tai ditca "Tee is a teacher" (unusual in English text, but understandable) / taiDITca/ (2) T ditca "T is a teacher" /taiDITca/ are read aloud as the same utterance. This is exactly what we do when reading numerals aloud in English, of course. Thus 'He ate 3 doughnuts' and 'He ate three doughnuts' evoke exactly the same sounds.
  • Acronyms need a consonant on the end like all good little cmene, don't they? This would probably mean "la JJMs". What also hasn't been mentioned is that this system wouldn't work if we wanted to sound out acronyms where applicable, like when pronouncing PETA as "peeduh", not "pee ee tee ay". Whether or not you use this convention in lojban doesn't change the fact that it is inevitable. If lojban had an acronym like "la py.ebuty.abus", it could and would be shortened to "la petas". --- mi'e .okus.