This is a grab bag of changes to the
morphology grammar that people have
considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, BPFK's working
morphology, as implemented by
ilmentufa, is used as a
baseline for describing the proposals. See also
this discussion from when the
BPFK morphology was first being developed.
CyC syllables as alternative or replacement for consonantal syllables
Proposed by la xorxes and others. Rationale: some speakers find
syllabic consonants difficult to pronounce or to distinguish from -yC-
sequences.
xorxes's original proposal was
to allow these syllables only for type 3 fu'ivla hyphens; more recent
variants have no such restriction.
Newly grammatical: sincyrboua, sipnybzu
brivla_head = !cmavo !slinkuhi !h &syllable unstressed_syllable*
# Change y to y_hyphen in every y-rafsi rule
y_hyphen = y &onset
stress = (consonant / glide)* h? y? coda? syllable pause
consonantal_syllable = onset y coda / consonant &syllabic coda
In the wild
selpahi (2014)
|
pe'i lo saltyrkaisara mi cnino .i ca lo cabdei mi citka lo salta be lo laktuka jo'u lo tamca jo'u lo clazme .i no'e cinri .i ku'i mi na pante
|
fegmese (2016)
|
ti'e zmadu so'a drata linyksu lo ka lo pilno be ce'u cu nitcu lo ka kurji ... ri xu
|
Removing or simplifying the slinkuhi rules
Proposed by many and made official in TLI Loglan. Rationale is that
slinku'i in its current form makes the morphology unnecessarily hard to learn
and use in fluent speech. Also often part of calls to
do away with assigned rafsi,
since slinkuhi exists to favour words made of those.
Killing .oisai'yvla (brivla rafsi merger)
The least radical of the slinku'i proposals. sai'yvla would become a
valid word, removing the only instance where a string beginning with a single
consonant can be a slinku'i.
Newly grammatical: sai'yvla
No longer grammatical: .oisai'yvla (would parse as two words)
initial_rafsi = !slihykru extended_rafsi / y_rafsi / !any_fuhivla_rafsi y_less_rafsi !any_fuhivla_rafsi
any_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla / fuhivla_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_extended_rafsi = stressed_hy_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
extended_rafsi = hy_rafsi / fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla_head stressed_syllable consonantal_syllable* onset y
fuhivla_rafsi = &unstressed_syllable fuhivla_head onset y h?
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) h y onset
hy_rafsi = (long_rafsi unstressed_vowel / CCV_rafsi / CVV_rafsi) h y h?
slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi
This is what Loglan has implemented, and what Lojbanists usually mean by
"getting rid of slinku'i". sporte would become a valid word, but not
sli'a, so that CVV and CV'V rafsi behave identically with regards to
hyphen requirements. Some also propose that sequences like dja'y- remain
as slinku'i so that brivla rafsi like -uidja'y- stay valid.
Newly grammatical: sporte zdanco'o klesnai krinju
No longer grammatical: .esporte .adjunte .asfalte bavlamdei faglitki .islenska lojbangirzu
slinkuhi = consonant CVV_final_rafsi
# Plus the changes above and optionally removal of the slihykru rule
In the wild
latros (2011)
|
.i ro da poi ke'a cmacrordra zo'u ro de zo'u de me'au da de
|
danr (2014)
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.i mi ckaklyzu'e mu'i lo nu tatpi ru'e .i ku'i za'u re'u casnu cu'e
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menli (2014)
|
lo nu da'i la datnymu'e remna cu simsa lo drata brotkaste pe BBC cu se cumki lo nu lo vreji be lo nu la .robin. cu fonxa tavla cu nenri lo brotkaste vau :P
|
emna (2015)
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no'i xu do jinvi co jbofnu mapti co selcme zo .emna
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omni___ (2015)
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lo ka sruri na dzistribu .i lo du'u lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule na nibli lo du'u ro lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule
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clakre (2016)
|
mi na se cmene zo clarke .i ku'i se cmene zo clakre
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uakci (2016)
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.i je lo nu tai zukte cu se jalge lo nu do'e lo cmalu skrine cu za'u to zmadu lo na se me'oi br toi mei co linji
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No slinku'i at all
Under this option, vla'i would become a word and the lujvo for
balvi + lamji would come out as bavyla'i.
Transitional dialects
la ctefa'o and others propose ways for slinku'i-ful and
slinku'i-less dialects to share the same lexicon. slinku'i-ful dialects could
import what they see as slinku'i by prepending a glottal stop. Relative to the
suf=(lujvo–zi'evla merger)|lujvo-zi'evla merger
proposal below:
brivla = !cmavo brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
post_word = pause / !nucleus !slinkuhi lojban_word
slinku'i-less dialects could keep words that used to depend on slinku'i glue
together using an extended CVCy-lujvo rule.
In the wild
Ilmen (2017)
|
sei ca lo nu viska zo ckt cu pensi be lo. tcuktci bangu
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solpahi (2017)
|
pu lo nu casnu cu pensi zo temkracabdu'i .i lo nu na birti pu mukti lo nu. pretsku
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Forbidding certain initial clusters
la solpahi proposes to remove all consonant triples as well as
ml- and mr- as initial clusters. Rationale is that regular prefixes
such as kam- would be less likely to cause tosmabru, and that some
existing words (notably of CVCCCVCV shape) would be preserved
if slinku'i were to be abolished.
Eight gismu would need to be regenerated: mlana mlatu
mleca mledi mluni mraji mrilu
mruli.
Some other words no longer grammatical: citmle mlatejami mlongena mlumitu mri'au skripto skrolbake spranto strelka stribilo
other <- p / t !l / k / f / x / b / d !l / g / v / m !liquid / n !liquid
# initial replaced with initial_pair everywhere except inital_pair itself
In the wild
solpahi (2016)
|
su'a mi na'o nelci lo danlu .i lo maltu jo'a (to .u'i pei toi) cu mupli
|
Forbidding certain clusters altogether
la ctefa'o proposes to forbid clusters md, mt,
nb, np, which are prone to assimilation.
27 gismu would need to be regenerated: canpa cenba
cimde cinba denpa famti femti
finpe janbe jimte kanba kumte
lanbi lunbe mamta nanba panpi
penbi semto senpi sumti tanbo
tinbe tunba vamtu vanbi zenba
Some other words no longer grammatical: bavlamdei cinpa'i donpre kinpau menbi'a prulamdei runbau samda'o vimku'a
In the wild
Allowing some new medial clusters
Calls to make mz a valid cluster have always been commonplace.
la lalxu also proposes to allow n plus affricate clusters.
m <- comma* [mM] !h !glide !m
n <- comma* [nN] !h !glide !n
In the wild
menli (2014)
|
.i ua la .randol.xolmz. noi loglo jatna cu ba'o se micka'a
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Ilmen (2015)
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ni'o mi ca'o tcidu fi tau lo .itku'ile genkasu noi ba'u memzma la pa no no mei
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solpahi (2016)
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.oi se'i mi za'u re'u xaksu lo temze'u si ze'u zei temci fau lo nu da'arta'a co palcau
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bongnanba (2016)
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.i mu'a sei jijnu ti noi tabypinsi je pavmei jo'u ti noi penbi je pavmei va'o lo nu mi co'a ponse su drata pinsi cu na memze'a
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Adding a new diphthong
This is often part of proposals to add new series of cmavo, so that they can
both stay short and fit into the existing initial consonant patterns.
la zipcpi has proposed eu,
la solpahi ui [uj].
-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)
Proposed by many over the years, especially together with
removal of assigned rafsi.
Usually implemented by removing any detection of rafsi that isn't related to
slinku'i. slinku'i itself only applies at the beginning of a word, not after
hyphens.
BRIVLA = brivla
brivla = !cmavo !slinkuhi !slihykru !h brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
brivla_head = &syllable (unstressed_syllable / medial_syllable)*
brivla_core = stressed_syllable medial_syllable* final_syllable
medial_syllable = &(onset !vowel !diphthong) any_syllable
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) (h / initial_pair) y onset
rafsi_string = y_less_rafsi* (gismu / CVV_final_rafsi / stressed_y_less_rafsi short_final_rafsi / y_rafsi / stressed_y_rafsi / hy_rafsi / stressed_hy_rafsi))
For a slinku'i-less variant, change rafsi_string to the one
shown here and remove
initial_pair from slihykru.
In the wild
zahlman (2012)
|
u'i pe'i lonu nanbrdonyto bevri cu no'e nu jarco loka tsali
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gleki (2014)
|
lo'e banfyracolotli cu nelci lo ka citka lo me'oi fpcalep vau sei mi pu reisku
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mukti (2014)
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na nitcu lo cnino bauplyfuzykamni .i na manku .i lo jbopre cu lazni lo ka viska
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akmnlrse (2015)
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.i mo .i la'a ca sipnybi gi'e ba ke fau gi ciknybi gi di'a gunrizu
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Ilmen (2016)
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mi pu zu pensi lo nu zo sfataba da'i valsi lo si'o za'e xorsyflai
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solpahi (2017)
|
pe'i lo nu zi'evlygau tai tu'a di'u cu ji'i no roi xagzenri'a
|
Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo
Proposed by la solpahi and others. One of two ways to remove
this last bit of privilege given to traditional lujvo after
unifying brivla and
removing the slinku'i rule.
This would turn streams of sound currently parsed as multiple words -- any
sequence of the form [cmavo not ending in y] [one or more cmavo ending in y]
[non-cmevla word] -- into single brivla. Notably, .a'y-style letterals
would very often require glottal stops after them.
CVCy_lujvo = onset nucleus medial_syllable+ (brivla / final_syllable)
In the wild
CCy-shaped cmavo
Proposed by la mudri as a way to expand letteral space.
ziren (2009)
|
doi djy. mi pu kibro ciska lo ve ciksi fe be la tenuar. pe mi
|
Restricting cmevla to valid syllables
Proposed by la xorxes and others, as the simplest way of
reducing the amount of cmevla that the parser accepts but speakers find
ungrammatical.
cmevla = jbocme
In the wild
tsani (2015)
|
.i xebni mu'i ra'u lo nu iy. jai nandu fai lo ka ce se pilno ci'e la .linukys.
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solpahi (2016)
|
.i do'a nai mi sinma la .kymir. ki'u lo nu ri troci lo ka tcidu
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Allowing glides after consonants in cmevla (partial revert of BPFK decision)
Proposed by la .ilmen. and others, as sort of a counterpoint to the above proposal.
lynn (2016)
|
.ua mi tirna fi tu'a la .teilr.suift. fe tu'a la'o xy. file_94.oga .xy.
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ilmen (2016)
|
.i xu zo .period. cmene fe ji'a lo namcu mocle'u lo glibau baupli
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Allowing glides after consonants, but not within initial clusters (partial revert of BPFK decision)
Proposed by la tsani and others.
CGV syllables as alternative or replacement for CV'V cmavo and rafsi (La Alta)
Proposed by la gleki and la .aleksolas.
Treatment of VGV sequences similarly to V'V (as in CLL)
Proposed by la gleki.